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16 U.S.C. § 941 — Findings
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Congress finds that—
(1) the Great Lakes have fish and wildlife communities that are structurally and functionally changing;
(2) successful fish and wildlife management focuses on the lakes as ecosystems, and effective management requires the coordination and integration of efforts of many partners;
(3) additional actions and better coordination are needed to protect and effectively manage the fish and wildlife resources, and the habitats on which the resources depend, in the Great Lakes Basin; and
(4) this chapter allows Federal agencies, States, and Indian tribes to work in an effective partnership by providing the funding for restoration work.
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Source location: Title 16, Chapter 15B, § 941; chapter-15b-great-lakes-fish-and-wildlife-restoration.md
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Congress finds that—
(1) the Great Lakes have fish and wildlife communities that are structurally and functionally changing;
(2) successful fish and wildlife management focuses on the lakes as ecosystems, and effective management requires the coordination and integration of efforts of many partners;
(3) additional actions and better coordination are needed to protect and effectively manage the fish and wildlife resources, and the habitats on which the resources depend, in the Great Lakes Basin; and
(4) this chapter allows Federal agencies, States, and Indian tribes to work in an effective partnership by providing the funding for restoration work.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Director** — The term “Director” means the Director of the United States Geological Survey.
(2) **Great Lakes Basin** — The term “Great Lakes Basin” means the air, land, water, and living organisms in the United States within the drainage basin of the Saint Lawrence River at and upstream from the point at which such river and the Great Lakes become the international boundary between Canada and the United States.
**(b) Findings** Congress finds the following:
(1) The Great Lakes support a diverse ecosystem, on which the vibrant and economically valuable Great Lakes fisheries depend.
(2) To continue successful fisheries management and coordination, as has occurred since signing of the Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries between the United States and Canada on September 10, 1954, management of the ecosystem and its fisheries require sound, reliable science, and the use of modern scientific technologies.
(3) Fisheries research is necessary to support multi-jurisdictional fishery management decisions and actions regarding recreational and sport fishing, commercial fisheries, tribal harvest, allocation decisions, and fish stocking activities.
(4) President Richard Nixon submitted, and the Congress approved, Reorganization Plan No. 4 (84 Stat. 2090), conferring science activities and management of marine fisheries to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(5) Reorganization Plan No. 4 expressly excluded fishery research activities within the Great Lakes from the transfer, retaining management and scientific research duties within the already-established jurisdictions under the 1954 Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries, including those of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the Department of the Interior.
**(c)
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 941h
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings, purpose, and definitions**
(1) **Findings** — The Congress finds that—
(A) the Great Lakes are a valuable national resource, continuously serving the people of the United States and other nations as an important source of food, fresh water, recreation, beauty, and enjoyment;
(B) the United States should seek to attain the goals embodied in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement of 1978, as amended by the Water Quality Agreement of 1987 and any other agreements and amendments, with particular emphasis on goals related to toxic pollutants; and
(C) the Environmental Protection Agency should take the lead in the effort to meet those goals, working with other Federal agencies and State and local authorities.
(2) **Purpose** — It is the purpose of this section to achieve the goals embodied in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement of 1978, as amended by the Water Quality Agreement of 1987 and any other agreements and amendments, through improved organization and definition of mission on the part of the Agency, funding of State grants for pollution control in the Great Lakes area, and improved accountability for implementation of such agreement.
(3) **Definitions** — For purposes of this section, the term—
(A) “Agency” means the Environmental Protection Agency;
(B) “Great Lakes” means Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Lake Huron (including Lake St. Clair), Lake Michigan, and Lake Superior, and the connecting channels (Saint Mary’s River, Saint Clair River, Detroit River, Niagara River, and Saint Lawrence River to the Canadian Border);
(C) “Great Lakes System” means all the streams, rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water within the drainage basin of the Great Lakes;
(D) “Program Office” means the Great Lakes National Program Office established
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 33 U.S.C. § 1268
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds that—
(1) the discharge of untreated water in the ballast tanks of vessels and through other means results in unintentional introductions of nonindigenous species to fresh, brackish, and saltwater environments;
(2) when environmental conditions are favorable, nonindigenous species become established, may compete with or prey upon native species of plants, fish, and wildlife, may carry diseases or parasites that affect native species, and may disrupt the aquatic environment and economy of affected nearshore areas;
(3) the zebra mussel was unintentionally introduced into the Great Lakes and has infested—
(A) waters south of the Great Lakes, into a good portion of the Mississippi River drainage;
(B) waters west of the Great Lakes, into the Arkansas River in Oklahoma; and
(C) waters east of the Great Lakes, into the Hudson River and Lake Champlain;
(4) the potential economic disruption to communities affected by the zebra mussel due to its colonization of water pipes, boat hulls and other hard surfaces has been estimated at $5,000,000,000 by the year 2000, and the potential disruption to the diversity and abundance of native fish and other species by the zebra mussel and ruffe, round goby, and other nonindigenous species could be severe;
(5) the zebra mussel was discovered on Lake Champlain during 1993 and the opportunity exists to act quickly to establish zebra mussel controls before Lake Champlain is further infested and management costs escalate;
(6) in 1992, the zebra mussel was discovered at the northernmost reaches of the Chesapeake Bay watershed;
(7) the zebra mussel poses an imminent risk of invasion in the main waters of the Chesapeake Bay;
(8) since the Chesapeake Bay is the largest recipient of foreign ballast
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 4701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1555
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 941a
Sec.
941e.
Establishment of offices.
941f.
Reports.
941g.
Authorization of appropriations.
941h.
Great Lakes monitoring, assessment, science,
and research.
§ 941. Findings
Congress finds that—
(1) the Great Lakes have fish and wildlife
communities that are structurally and func-
tionally changing;
(2) successful fish and wildlife management
focuses on the lakes as ecosystems, and effec-
tive management requires the coordination
and integration of efforts of many partners;
(3) additional actions and better coordina-
tion are needed to protect and effectively
manage the fish and wildlife resources, and
the habitats on which the resources depend, in
the Great Lakes Basin; and
(4) this chapter allows Federal agencies,
States, and Indian tribes to work in an effec-
tive partnership by providing the funding for
restoration work.
(Pub. L. 101–537, title I, § 1002, as added Pub. L.
114–322, title III, § 3901(b), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat.
1848.)
Editorial Notes
PRIOR PROVISIONS
A prior section 941, Pub. L. 101–537, title I, § 1002, Nov.
8, 1990, 104 Stat. 2370; Pub. L. 101–646, title II, § 2002, Nov.
29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4773; Pub. L. 104–332, § 2(h)(1), Oct. 26,
1996, 110 Stat. 4091; Pub. L. 105–265, § 3(b), Oct. 19, 1998,
112 Stat. 2358, related to Congressional findings, prior
to repeal by Pub. L. 114–322, title III, § 3901(b), Dec. 16,
2016, 130 Stat. 1848.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
SHORT TITLE OF 2022 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 117–287, § 1, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4363, pro-
vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 941f and 941g
of this title] may be cited as the ‘Great Lakes Fish and
Wildlife Restoration Reauthorization Act of 2022’.’’
SHORT TITLE OF 2006 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 109–326, § 1, Oc
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 941
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