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16 U.S.C. § 941h — Great Lakes monitoring, assessment, science, and research
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Director** — The term “Director” means the Director of the United States Geological Survey.
(2) **Great Lakes Basin** — The term “Great Lakes Basin” means the air, land, water, and living organisms in the United States within the drainage basin of the Saint Lawrence River at and upstream from the point at which such river and the Great Lakes become the international boundary between Canada and the United States.
**(b) Findings** Congress finds the following:
(1) The Great Lakes support a diverse ecosystem, on which the vibrant and economically valuable Great Lakes fisheries depend.
(2) To continue successful fisheries management and coordination, as has occurred since signing of the Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries between the United States and Canada on September 10, 1954, management of the ecosystem and its fisheries require sound, reliable science, and the use of modern scientific technologies.
(3) Fisheries research is necessary to support multi-jurisdictional fishery management decisions and actions regarding recreational and sport fishing, commercial fisheries, tribal harvest, allocation decisions, and fish stocking activities.
(4) President Richard Nixon submitted, and the Congress approved, Reorganization Plan No. 4 (84 Stat. 2090), conferring science activities and management of marine fisheries to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(5) Reorganization Plan No. 4 expressly excluded fishery research activities within the Great Lakes from the transfer, retaining management and scientific research duties within the already-established jurisdictions under the 1954 Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries, including those of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the Department of the Interior.
**(c)
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_7b154d50727a87ad4b887dc9
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-16/section-941h-great-lakes-monitoring-assessment-science-and-research--c539af94bf.md
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Source location: Title 16, Chapter 15B, § 941h; chapter-15b-great-lakes-fish-and-wildlife-restoration.md
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**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Director** — The term “Director” means the Director of the United States Geological Survey.
(2) **Great Lakes Basin** — The term “Great Lakes Basin” means the air, land, water, and living organisms in the United States within the drainage basin of the Saint Lawrence River at and upstream from the point at which such river and the Great Lakes become the international boundary between Canada and the United States.
**(b) Findings** Congress finds the following:
(1) The Great Lakes support a diverse ecosystem, on which the vibrant and economically valuable Great Lakes fisheries depend.
(2) To continue successful fisheries management and coordination, as has occurred since signing of the Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries between the United States and Canada on September 10, 1954, management of the ecosystem and its fisheries require sound, reliable science, and the use of modern scientific technologies.
(3) Fisheries research is necessary to support multi-jurisdictional fishery management decisions and actions regarding recreational and sport fishing, commercial fisheries, tribal harvest, allocation decisions, and fish stocking activities.
(4) President Richard Nixon submitted, and the Congress approved, Reorganization Plan No. 4 (84 Stat. 2090), conferring science activities and management of marine fisheries to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(5) Reorganization Plan No. 4 expressly excluded fishery research activities within the Great Lakes from the transfer, retaining management and scientific research duties within the already-established jurisdictions under the 1954 Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries, including those of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the Department of the Interior.
**(c) Monitoring, assessment, science, and research**
(1) **In general** — The Director may conduct monitoring, assessment, science, and research, in support of the binational fisheries within the Great Lakes Basin.
(2) **Specific authorities** — The Director shall, under paragraph (1)—
(A) execute a comprehensive, multi-lake, freshwater fisheries science program;
(B) coordinate with and work cooperatively with regional, State, tribal, and local governments; and
(C) consult with other interested entities groups, including academia and relevant Canadian agencies.
(3) **Included research** — To properly serve the needs of fisheries managers, monitoring, assessment, science, and research under this section may include—
(A) deepwater ecosystem sciences;
(B) biological and food-web components;
(C) fish movement and behavior investigations;
(D) fish population structures;
(E) fish habitat investigations;
(F) invasive species science;
(G) use of existing, new, and experimental biological assessment tools, equipment, vessels, other scientific instrumentation and laboratory capabilities necessary to support fishery management decisions; and
(H) studies to assess impacts on Great Lakes Fishery resources.
(4) **Savings clause** — Nothing in this section is intended or shall be construed to impede, supersede, or alter the authority of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, States, and Indian tribes under the Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries between the United States of America and Canada on September 10, 1954, and the Great Lakes Fishery Act of 1956 ([16 U.S.C. 931](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section931&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
**(d) Authorization of appropriations** For each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030, there is authorized to be appropriated $15,000,000 to carry out this section.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The following named bureaus, administrations, services, offices, and programs of the public service, and all that pertains thereto, shall be under the jurisdiction and subject to the control of the Secretary of Commerce:
(1) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;
(2) United States Travel and Tourism Administration;
(3) National Institute of Standards and Technology;
(4) United States Patent and Trademark Office 11 So in original. Probably should be followed by a semicolon.
(5) Bureau of the Census; and
(6) such other bureaus or other organizational units as the Secretary of Commerce may from time to time establish in accordance with law.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 1511
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter, the term—
**(a)** “Convention” means the Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries between the United States of America and Canada signed at Washington, September 10, 1954;
**(b)** “Commission” means the Great Lakes Fishery Commission provided for by article II of the convention;
**(c)** “United States Section” means the United States Commissioners on the Commission;
**(d)** “Great Lakes State” means any of the following States: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, or Wisconsin;
**(e)** “Great Lakes” means any of the following bodies of water: Lake Ontario (including the Saint Lawrence River from Lake Ontario to the forty-fifth parallel of latitude), Lake Erie, Lake Huron (including Lake Saint Clair), Lake Michigan, or Lake Superior.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 931
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Congress finds that—
(1) the Great Lakes have fish and wildlife communities that are structurally and functionally changing;
(2) successful fish and wildlife management focuses on the lakes as ecosystems, and effective management requires the coordination and integration of efforts of many partners;
(3) additional actions and better coordination are needed to protect and effectively manage the fish and wildlife resources, and the habitats on which the resources depend, in the Great Lakes Basin; and
(4) this chapter allows Federal agencies, States, and Indian tribes to work in an effective partnership by providing the funding for restoration work.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 941
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1552
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 917b
1 So in original. Probably should be followed by ‘‘a’’.
tors may be having on the eastern gray whale popu-
lation.
‘‘(b) CONSIDERATION OF WESTERN POPULATION INFOR-
MATION.—The Secretary should ensure that, to the
greatest extent practicable, information from current
and future studies of the western gray whale popu-
lation is considered in the study under this section, so
as to better understand the dynamics of each popu-
lation and to test different hypotheses that may lead to
an increased understanding of the mechanism driving
their respective population dynamics.
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition
to other amounts authorized under this title [this
note], there are authorized to be appropriated to the
Secretary to carry out this section—
‘‘(1) $290,000 for fiscal year 2001; and
‘‘(2) $500,000 for each of fiscal years 2002 through
2004.’’
Substantially identical provisions were contained in
Pub. L. 106–555, title II, § 203, Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2768.
§ 917b. Cooperation of other Federal agencies
All Federal agencies shall cooperate, to the
fullest extent possible, with the Secretary of
Commerce in preparing the study and rec-
ommendations required by section 917a of this
title.
(Pub. L. 94–532, § 4, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2492.)
§ 917c. Negotiations with Mexico and Canada
The Secretary of Commerce, through the Sec-
retary of State, shall immediately initiate nego-
tiations for the purpose of developing appro-
priate bilateral agreements with Mexico and
Canada for the protection and conservation of
whales.
(Pub. L. 94–532, § 5, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2492.)
§ 917d. Authorization of appropriations
For the purpose of carrying out the provisions
of this chapter, there is hereby authori
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 931
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1561
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 941h
resentatives and the Committee on Environment and
Public Works of the Senate a report that describes—
‘‘(1) actions taken to solicit and review proposals
under section 941c of this title;
‘‘(2) the results of proposals implemented under sec-
tion 941c of this title; and
‘‘(3) progress toward the accomplishment of the
goals specified in section 941d of this title.’’
1998—Pub. L. 105–265 amended section generally, sub-
stituting present provisions for provisions which had
required report not later than 1 year after date of en-
actment and annually thereafter.
1996—Pub. L. 104–332 made technical amendment to
Pub. L. 101–646, § 2008, which enacted this section.
§ 941g. Authorization of appropriations
(a) Authorization
There are authorized to be appropriated to the
Director for each of fiscal years 2023 through
2028—
(1) $6,000,000 to implement fish and wildlife
restoration proposals as selected by the Direc-
tor under section 941c(e) of this title, of
which—
(A) not more than the lesser of 33 1/3 per-
cent or $2,000,000 may be allocated to imple-
ment regional projects by the United States
Fish and Wildlife Service, as selected by the
Director under section 941c(e) of this title;
and
(B) the lesser of 3 percent or $300,000 shall
be allocated to the United States Fish and
Wildlife Service to cover costs incurred in
administering the proposals by any entity;
and
(2) $2,000,000, which shall be allocated for the
activities of the Upper Great Lakes Fish and
Wildlife Conservation Offices and the Lower
Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Conservation
Office under section 941e of this title.
(b) Prohibition on use of funds for Federal acqui-
sition of interests in land
No funds appropriated or used to carry out
this ch
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 941h
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