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16 U.S.C. § 931 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter, the term—
**(a)** “Convention” means the Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries between the United States of America and Canada signed at Washington, September 10, 1954;
**(b)** “Commission” means the Great Lakes Fishery Commission provided for by article II of the convention;
**(c)** “United States Section” means the United States Commissioners on the Commission;
**(d)** “Great Lakes State” means any of the following States: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, or Wisconsin;
**(e)** “Great Lakes” means any of the following bodies of water: Lake Ontario (including the Saint Lawrence River from Lake Ontario to the forty-fifth parallel of latitude), Lake Erie, Lake Huron (including Lake Saint Clair), Lake Michigan, or Lake Superior.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_c441fe4ac3a747698cf127e0
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-16/section-931-definitions--c759d7dfdc.md
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Source location: Title 16, Chapter 15A, § 931; chapter-15a-great-lakes-fisheries.md
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As used in this chapter, the term—
**(a)** “Convention” means the Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries between the United States of America and Canada signed at Washington, September 10, 1954;
**(b)** “Commission” means the Great Lakes Fishery Commission provided for by article II of the convention;
**(c)** “United States Section” means the United States Commissioners on the Commission;
**(d)** “Great Lakes State” means any of the following States: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, or Wisconsin;
**(e)** “Great Lakes” means any of the following bodies of water: Lake Ontario (including the Saint Lawrence River from Lake Ontario to the forty-fifth parallel of latitude), Lake Erie, Lake Huron (including Lake Saint Clair), Lake Michigan, or Lake Superior.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds that—
(1) the discharge of untreated water in the ballast tanks of vessels and through other means results in unintentional introductions of nonindigenous species to fresh, brackish, and saltwater environments;
(2) when environmental conditions are favorable, nonindigenous species become established, may compete with or prey upon native species of plants, fish, and wildlife, may carry diseases or parasites that affect native species, and may disrupt the aquatic environment and economy of affected nearshore areas;
(3) the zebra mussel was unintentionally introduced into the Great Lakes and has infested—
(A) waters south of the Great Lakes, into a good portion of the Mississippi River drainage;
(B) waters west of the Great Lakes, into the Arkansas River in Oklahoma; and
(C) waters east of the Great Lakes, into the Hudson River and Lake Champlain;
(4) the potential economic disruption to communities affected by the zebra mussel due to its colonization of water pipes, boat hulls and other hard surfaces has been estimated at $5,000,000,000 by the year 2000, and the potential disruption to the diversity and abundance of native fish and other species by the zebra mussel and ruffe, round goby, and other nonindigenous species could be severe;
(5) the zebra mussel was discovered on Lake Champlain during 1993 and the opportunity exists to act quickly to establish zebra mussel controls before Lake Champlain is further infested and management costs escalate;
(6) in 1992, the zebra mussel was discovered at the northernmost reaches of the Chesapeake Bay watershed;
(7) the zebra mussel poses an imminent risk of invasion in the main waters of the Chesapeake Bay;
(8) since the Chesapeake Bay is the largest recipient of foreign ballast
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 4701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Director** — The term “Director” means the Director of the United States Geological Survey.
(2) **Great Lakes Basin** — The term “Great Lakes Basin” means the air, land, water, and living organisms in the United States within the drainage basin of the Saint Lawrence River at and upstream from the point at which such river and the Great Lakes become the international boundary between Canada and the United States.
**(b) Findings** Congress finds the following:
(1) The Great Lakes support a diverse ecosystem, on which the vibrant and economically valuable Great Lakes fisheries depend.
(2) To continue successful fisheries management and coordination, as has occurred since signing of the Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries between the United States and Canada on September 10, 1954, management of the ecosystem and its fisheries require sound, reliable science, and the use of modern scientific technologies.
(3) Fisheries research is necessary to support multi-jurisdictional fishery management decisions and actions regarding recreational and sport fishing, commercial fisheries, tribal harvest, allocation decisions, and fish stocking activities.
(4) President Richard Nixon submitted, and the Congress approved, Reorganization Plan No. 4 (84 Stat. 2090), conferring science activities and management of marine fisheries to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(5) Reorganization Plan No. 4 expressly excluded fishery research activities within the Great Lakes from the transfer, retaining management and scientific research duties within the already-established jurisdictions under the 1954 Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries, including those of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the Department of the Interior.
**(c)
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** Congress finds that—
(1) the Great Lakes comprise a nationally and internationally significant fishery and ecosystem;
(2) the Great Lakes fishery and ecosystem should be developed and enhanced in a coordinated manner; and
(3) the Great Lakes fishery and ecosystem provides a diversity of opportunities, experiences, and beneficial uses.
**(b) Definitions** In this section, the following definitions apply:
(1) **Great Lake**
(A) *In general* — The term “Great Lake” means Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron (including Lake St. Clair), Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario (including the St. Lawrence River to the 45th parallel of latitude).
(B) *Inclusions* — The term “Great Lake” includes any connecting channel, historically connected tributary, and basin of a lake specified in subparagraph (A).
(2) **Great Lakes Commission** — The term “Great Lakes Commission” means the Great Lakes Commission established by the Great Lakes Basin Compact (82 Stat. 414).
(3) **Great Lakes Fishery Commission** — The term “Great Lakes Fishery Commission” has the meaning given the term “Commission” in [section 931 of title 16](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section931&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Great Lakes State** — The term “Great Lakes State” means each of the States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Wisconsin.
**(c) Great Lakes fishery and ecosystem restoration**
(1) **Support plan**
(A) *In general* — Not later than 1 year after December 11, 2000, the Secretary shall develop a plan for activities of the Corps of Engineers that support the management of Great Lakes fisheries.
(B) *Use of existing documents* — To the maximum extent practicable, the plan shall make use of and in
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1552
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 917b
1 So in original. Probably should be followed by ‘‘a’’.
tors may be having on the eastern gray whale popu-
lation.
‘‘(b) CONSIDERATION OF WESTERN POPULATION INFOR-
MATION.—The Secretary should ensure that, to the
greatest extent practicable, information from current
and future studies of the western gray whale popu-
lation is considered in the study under this section, so
as to better understand the dynamics of each popu-
lation and to test different hypotheses that may lead to
an increased understanding of the mechanism driving
their respective population dynamics.
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition
to other amounts authorized under this title [this
note], there are authorized to be appropriated to the
Secretary to carry out this section—
‘‘(1) $290,000 for fiscal year 2001; and
‘‘(2) $500,000 for each of fiscal years 2002 through
2004.’’
Substantially identical provisions were contained in
Pub. L. 106–555, title II, § 203, Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2768.
§ 917b. Cooperation of other Federal agencies
All Federal agencies shall cooperate, to the
fullest extent possible, with the Secretary of
Commerce in preparing the study and rec-
ommendations required by section 917a of this
title.
(Pub. L. 94–532, § 4, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2492.)
§ 917c. Negotiations with Mexico and Canada
The Secretary of Commerce, through the Sec-
retary of State, shall immediately initiate nego-
tiations for the purpose of developing appro-
priate bilateral agreements with Mexico and
Canada for the protection and conservation of
whales.
(Pub. L. 94–532, § 5, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2492.)
§ 917d. Authorization of appropriations
For the purpose of carrying out the provisions
of this chapter, there is hereby authori
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