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22 U.S.C. § 6450 — Publication in Federal Register

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6450 — Publication in Federal Register

**(a) In general** Subject to subsection (b), the President shall cause to be published in the Federal Register the following: (1) **Determinations of governments, officials, and entities of particular concern** — Any designation of a country of particular concern for religious freedom under [section 6442(b)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6442/b/1&num=0&edition=prelim), together with, when applicable and to the extent practicable, the identities of the officials or entities determined to be responsible for the violations under [section 6442(b)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6442/b/2&num=0&edition=prelim). Any designation of a non-state actor as an entity of particular concern for religious freedom under [section 6442a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6442a&num=0&edition=prelim) and, if applicable and to the extent practicable, the identities of individuals determined to be responsible for violations described in subsection (f) of such section. (2) **Presidential actions** — A description of any Presidential action under paragraphs (9) through (15) of [section 6445(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6445/a&num=0&edition=prelim) (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) and the effective date of the Presidential action. (3) **Delays in transmittal of Presidential action reports** — Any delay in transmittal of a Presidential action report, as described in [section 6444(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6444/b&num=0&edition=prelim). (4) **Waivers** — Any waiver unde

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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 73, § 6450; chapter-073-international-religious-freedom.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6447 — Description of Presidential actions

**(a) Description of Presidential actions** Except as provided in subsection (d), the Presidential actions referred to in this subsection are the following: (1) A private demarche. (2) An official public demarche. (3) A public condemnation. (4) A public condemnation within one or more multilateral fora. (5) The delay or cancellation of one or more scientific exchanges. (6) The delay or cancellation of one or more cultural exchanges. (7) The denial of one or more working, official, or state visits. (8) The delay or cancellation of one or more working, official, or state visits. (9) The withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States development assistance in accordance with [section 2151n of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2151n&num=0&edition=prelim). (10) Directing the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the United States International Development Finance Corporation, or the Trade and Development Agency not to approve the issuance of any (or a specified number of) guarantees, insurance, extensions of credit, or participations in the extension of credit with respect to the specific government, agency, instrumentality, or official found or determined by the President to be responsible for violations under section 6441 or 6442 of this title. (11) The withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States security assistance in accordance with [section 2304 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2304&num=0&edition=prelim). (12) Consistent with [section 262d of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section262d&num=0&edition=prelim), directing the United States executive directors of international financ

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6442a — Presidential actions in response to violations of religious freedom

**(a) Response to violations of religious freedom** (1) **In general** (A) *United States policy* — It shall be the policy of the United States— (i) to oppose violations of religious freedom that are or have been engaged in or tolerated by the governments of foreign countries; and (ii) to promote the right to freedom of religion in those countries through the actions described in subsection (b). (B) *Requirement of Presidential action* — For each foreign country the government of which engages in or tolerates violations of religious freedom, the President shall oppose such violations and promote the right to freedom of religion in that country through the actions described in subsection (b). (2) **Basis of actions** — Each action taken under paragraph (1)(B) shall be based upon information regarding violations of religious freedom, as described in the latest Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, the Annual Report and Executive Summary, and on any other evidence available, and shall take into account any findings or recommendations by the Commission with respect to the foreign country. **(b) Presidential actions** (1) **In general** — Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the President, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Ambassador at Large, the Special Adviser, and the Commission, shall, as expeditiously as practicable in response to the violations described in subsection (a) by the government of a foreign country— (A) take one or more of the actions described in paragraphs (1) through (15) of [section 6445(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6445/a&num=0&edition=prelim) (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) with respect to such country; or (B) negotiate and en

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6401 — Voluntary codes of conduct for United States institutions of higher education outside the United States

**(a) Finding** Congress recognizes the enduring importance of United States institutions of higher education worldwide— (1) for their potential for shaping positive leadership and new educational models in host countries; and (2) for their emphasis on teaching universally recognized rights of free inquiry and academic freedom. **(b) Sense of Congress** It is the sense of Congress that United States institutions of higher education operating campuses outside the United States or establishing any educational entities with foreign governments, particularly with or in countries the governments of which engage in or tolerate severe violations of religious freedom as identified in the Annual Report, should seek to adopt a voluntary code of conduct for operating in such countries that should— (1) uphold the right of freedom of religion of their employees and students, including the right to manifest that religion peacefully as protected in international law; (2) ensure that the religious views and peaceful practice of religion in no way affect, or be allowed to affect, the status of a worker’s or faculty member’s employment or a student’s enrollment; and (3) make every effort in all negotiations, contracts, or memoranda of understanding engaged in or constructed with a foreign government to protect academic freedom and the rights enshrined in the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6450 — Preclusion of judicial review

Page 1822 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 6449 1 See References in Text note below. (4) Waivers Any waiver under section 6447 of this title. (b) Limited disclosure of information The President may limit publication of infor- mation under this section in the same manner and to the same extent as the President may limit the publication of findings and determina- tions described in section 2414(c) of this title, if the President determines that the publication of information under this section— (1) would be harmful to the national security of the United States; or (2) would not further the purposes of this chapter. (Pub. L. 105–292, title IV, § 408, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2808; Pub. L. 114–281, title III, § 305, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1436.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 105–292, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2787, known as the International Reli- gious Freedom Act of 1998, which is classified prin- cipally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6401 of this title and Tables. AMENDMENTS 2016—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–281 inserted at end ‘‘Any designation of a non-state actor as an entity of particular concern for religious freedom under section 6442a of this title and, if applicable and to the extent practicable, the identities of individuals determined to be responsible for violations described in subsection (f) of such section.’’ § 6449. Termination of Presidential actions Any Presidential action taken under this chapter with respect to a foreign country shall terminate on the earlier of the following dates: (1) Termination date Within 2 years of the eff

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