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22 U.S.C. § 6447 — Description of Presidential actions

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22 U.S.C. § 6447 — Description of Presidential actions

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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_10a9bab45d562e76cd6abacb
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-6447-description-of-presidential-actions--d2011c5e0c.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 73, § 6447; chapter-073-international-religious-freedom.md

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**(a) Description of Presidential actions** Except as provided in subsection (d), the Presidential actions referred to in this subsection are the following: (1) A private demarche. (2) An official public demarche. (3) A public condemnation. (4) A public condemnation within one or more multilateral fora. (5) The delay or cancellation of one or more scientific exchanges. (6) The delay or cancellation of one or more cultural exchanges. (7) The denial of one or more working, official, or state visits. (8) The delay or cancellation of one or more working, official, or state visits. (9) The withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States development assistance in accordance with [section 2151n of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2151n&num=0&edition=prelim). (10) Directing the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the United States International Development Finance Corporation, or the Trade and Development Agency not to approve the issuance of any (or a specified number of) guarantees, insurance, extensions of credit, or participations in the extension of credit with respect to the specific government, agency, instrumentality, or official found or determined by the President to be responsible for violations under section 6441 or 6442 of this title. (11) The withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States security assistance in accordance with [section 2304 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2304&num=0&edition=prelim). (12) Consistent with [section 262d of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section262d&num=0&edition=prelim), directing the United States executive directors of international financial institutions to oppose and vote against loans primarily benefiting the specific foreign government, agency, instrumentality, or official found or determined by the President to be responsible for violations under section 6441 or 6442 of this title. (13) Ordering the heads of the appropriate United States agencies not to issue any (or a specified number of) specific licenses, and not to grant any other specific authority (or a specified number of authorities), to export any goods or technology to the specific foreign government, agency, instrumentality, or official found or determined by the President to be responsible for violations under section 6441 or 6442 of this title, under— (A) the Export Administration Act of 1979; (B) the Arms Export Control Act [[22 U.S.C. 2751](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2751&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]; (C) the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [[42 U.S.C. 2011](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2011&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]; or (D) any other statute that requires the prior review and approval of the United States Government as a condition for the export or reexport of goods or services. (14) Prohibiting any United States financial institution from making loans or providing credits totaling more than $10,000,000 in any 12-month period to the specific foreign government, agency, instrumentality, or official found or determined by the President to be responsible for violations under section 6441 or 6442 of this title. (15) Prohibiting the United States Government from procuring, or entering into any contract for the procurement of, any goods or services from the foreign government, entities, or officials found or determined by the President to be responsible for violations under section 6441 or 6442 of this title. **(b) Commensurate action** Except as provided in subsection (d), the President may substitute any other action authorized by law for any action described in paragraphs (1) through (15) of subsection (a) if such action is commensurate in effect to the action substituted and if the action would further the policy of the United States set forth in [section 6401(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6401/b&num=0&edition=prelim). The President shall seek to take all appropriate and feasible actions authorized by law to obtain the cessation of the violations. If commensurate action is taken, the President shall report such action, together with an explanation for taking such action, to the appropriate congressional committees. **(c) Binding agreements** The President may negotiate and enter into a binding agreement with a foreign government that obligates such government to cease, or take substantial steps to address and phase out, the act, policy, or practice constituting the violation of religious freedom. The entry into force of a binding agreement for the cessation of the violations shall be a primary objective for the President in responding to a foreign government that has engaged in or tolerated particularly severe violations of religious freedom. **(d) Exceptions** Any action taken pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) may not prohibit or restrict the provision of medicine, medical equipment or supplies, food, or other humanitarian assistance.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2151n — Human rights and development assistance

**(a) Violations barring assistance; assistance for needy people** No assistance may be provided under subchapter I of this chapter, and no support may be provided under subchapter II of chapter 103 of this title, to the government of any country which engages in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights, including torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, prolonged detention without charges, causing the disappearance of persons by the abduction and clandestine detention of those persons, or other flagrant denial of the right to life, liberty, and the security of person, unless such assistance will directly benefit the needy people in such country. **(b) 11 So in original. Two subsecs. (b) have been enacted. Information to Congressional committees for realization of assistance for needy people; concurrent resolution terminating assistance** In determining whether this standard is being met with regard to funds allocated under subchapter I of this chapter or subchapter II of chapter 103 of this title, the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate or the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives may require the Administrator primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter or the Chief Executive Officer of the United States International Development Finance Corporation, as applicable, to submit in writing information demonstrating that such assistance or support will directly benefit the needy people in such country, together with a detailed explanation of the assistance or support to be provided (including the dollar amounts of such assistance or support) and an explanation of how such assistance or support will directly benefit the needy people in such country. If

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 9681 — Applicability of certain provisions of law

Subsections (g), (l), (m), and (n) of [section 2197 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2197&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply with respect to the Corporation to the same extent and in the same manner as such subsections applied with respect to the Overseas Private Investment Corporation on the day before October 5, 2018.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2304 — Human rights and security assistance

**(a) Observance of human rights as principal goal of foreign policy; implementation requirements** (1) The United States shall, in accordance with its international obligations as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations and in keeping with the constitutional heritage and traditions of the United States, promote and encourage increased respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms throughout the world without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion. Accordingly, a principal goal of the foreign policy of the United States shall be to promote the increased observance of internationally recognized human rights by all countries. (2) Except under circumstances specified in this section, no security assistance may be provided to any country the government of which engages in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights. Security assistance may not be provided to the police, domestic intelligence, or similar law enforcement forces of a country, and licenses may not be issued under the Export Administration Act of 1979 for the export of crime control and detection instruments and equipment to a country, the government of which engages in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights unless the President certifies in writing to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the chairman of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate (when licenses are to be issued pursuant to the Export Administration Act of 1979).11 So in original. The period probably should not appear. that extraordinary circumstances exist warranting provision of such assistance and issuance of such licenses. Assistanc

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2304

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

50 U.S.C. § 4611 — Multilateral export control violations

**(a) Determination by the President** The President, subject to subsection (c), shall apply sanctions under subsection (b) for a period of not less than 2 years and not more than 5 years, if the President determines that— (1) a foreign person has violated any regulation issued by a country to control exports for national security purposes pursuant to the agreement of the group known as the Coordinating Committee, and (2) such violation has resulted in substantial enhancement of Soviet and East bloc capabilities in submarine or antisubmarine warfare, ballistic or antiballistic missile technology, strategic aircraft, command, control, communications and intelligence, or other critical technologies as determined by the President, on the advice of the National Security Council, to represent a serious adverse impact on the strategic balance of forces. The President shall notify the Congress of each action taken under this section. This section, except subsections (h) and (j), applies only to violations that occur after August 23, 1988. **(b) Sanctions** The sanctions referred to in subsection (a) shall apply to the foreign person committing the violation, as well as to any parent, affiliate, subsidiary, and successor entity of the foreign person, and, except as provided in subsection (c), are as follows: (1) a prohibition on contracting with, and procurement of products and services from, a sanctioned person, by any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government, and (2) a prohibition on importation into the United States of all products produced by a sanctioned person. **(c) Exceptions** The President shall not apply sanctions under this section— (1) in the case of procurement of defense articles or defense services— (A) under existing con

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 4611

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

2 U.S.C. § 905 — Exempt programs and activities

**(a) Social security benefits and tier I railroad retirement benefits** Benefits payable under the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance program established under title II of the Social Security Act ([42 U.S.C. 401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), and benefits payable under sections 231b and 231c 11 See References in Text note below. of title 45, shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter. **(b) Veterans programs** The following programs shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter: All programs administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Special benefits for certain World War II veterans (28–0401–0–1–701). **(c) Net interest** No reduction of payments for net interest (all of major functional category 900) shall be made under any order issued under this subchapter. **(d) Refundable income tax credits and certain elective payments** (1) **Refundable income tax credits** — Payments to individuals made pursuant to provisions of title 26 establishing refundable tax credits shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter. (2) **Certain elective payments** — Payments made to taxpayers pursuant to elections under subsection (d) of [section 48D of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section48D&num=0&edition=prelim), or amounts treated as payments which are made by taxpayers under paragraph (1) of such subsection, shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter. **(e) Non-defense unobligated balances** Unobligated balances of budget authority carried over from prior fiscal years, except balances in the defense categor

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2011 — Congressional declaration of policy

Atomic energy is capable of application for peaceful as well as military purposes. It is therefore declared to be the policy of the United States that— **(a)** the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed so as to make the maximum contribution to the general welfare, subject at all times to the paramount objective of making the maximum contribution to the common defense and security; and **(b)** the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed so as to promote world peace, improve the general welfare, increase the standard of living, and strengthen free competition in private enterprise.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 262d — Exemption from property taxes

International organizations shall be exempt from all property taxes imposed by, or under the authority of, any Act of Congress, including such Acts as are applicable solely to the District of Columbia or the Territories.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2751 — Need for international defense cooperation and military export controls; Presidential waiver; report to Congress; arms sales policy

As declared by the Congress in the Arms Control and Disarmament Act [[22 U.S.C. 2551](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2551&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], an ultimate goal of the United States continues to be a world which is free from the scourge of war and the dangers and burdens of armaments; in which the use of force has been subordinated to the rule of law; and in which international adjustments to a changing world are achieved peacefully. In furtherance of that goal, it remains the policy of the United States to encourage regional arms control and disarmament agreements and to discourage arms races.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6450 — Publication in Federal Register

**(a) In general** Subject to subsection (b), the President shall cause to be published in the Federal Register the following: (1) **Determinations of governments, officials, and entities of particular concern** — Any designation of a country of particular concern for religious freedom under [section 6442(b)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6442/b/1&num=0&edition=prelim), together with, when applicable and to the extent practicable, the identities of the officials or entities determined to be responsible for the violations under [section 6442(b)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6442/b/2&num=0&edition=prelim). Any designation of a non-state actor as an entity of particular concern for religious freedom under [section 6442a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6442a&num=0&edition=prelim) and, if applicable and to the extent practicable, the identities of individuals determined to be responsible for violations described in subsection (f) of such section. (2) **Presidential actions** — A description of any Presidential action under paragraphs (9) through (15) of [section 6445(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6445/a&num=0&edition=prelim) (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) and the effective date of the Presidential action. (3) **Delays in transmittal of Presidential action reports** — Any delay in transmittal of a Presidential action report, as described in [section 6444(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6444/b&num=0&edition=prelim). (4) **Waivers** — Any waiver unde

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6450

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2751 — Need for international defense coopera-

Page 1185 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2751 Sec. 2762. Procurement for cash sales. 2763. Credit sales. 2764. Guaranties. 2765. Annual estimate and justification for sales program. 2766. Security assistance surveys. 2767. Authority of President to enter into co- operative projects with friendly for- eign countries. 2767a, 2768. Repealed. SUBCHAPTER II–A—FOREIGN MILITARY CONSTRUCTION SALES 2769. Foreign military construction sales. SUBCHAPTER II–B—SALES TO UNITED STATES COMPANIES FOR INCORPORATION INTO END ITEMS 2770. General authority. SUBCHAPTER II–C—EXCHANGE OF TRAINING AND RELATED SUPPORT 2770a. Exchange of training and related sup- port. SUBCHAPTER III—MILITARY EXPORT CONTROLS 2771. Military sales authorizations and ceil- ings. 2772. Repealed. 2773. Restraint in arms sales to Sub-Saharan Africa. 2774. Foreign military sales credit standards. 2775. Foreign military sales to less developed countries. 2776. Reports and certifications to Congress on military exports. 2776a. Repealed. 2777. Fiscal provisions relating to foreign military sales credits. 2778. Control of arms exports and imports. 2778a. Exportation of uranium depleted in the isotope 235. 2779. Fees of military sales agents. 2779a. Prohibition on incentive payments. 2780. Transactions with countries supporting acts of international terrorism. 2781. Transactions with countries not fully co- operating with United States antiterrorism efforts. SUBCHAPTER III–A—END-USE MONITORING OF DEFENSE ARTICLES AND DEFENSE SERVICES 2785. End-use monitoring of defense articles and defense services. SUBCHAPTER IV—GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 2791. General provisions. 2792. Administrative expenses. 2793. Othe

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2751

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