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18 U.S.C. § 2255 — Civil remedy for personal injuries

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 2255 — Civil remedy for personal injuries

**(a) In General.—** Any person who, while a minor, was a victim of a violation of section 1589, 1590, 1591, 2241(c), 2242, 2243, 2251, 2251A, 2252, 2252A, 2260, 2421, 2422, or 2423 of this title and who suffers personal injury as a result of such violation, regardless of whether the injury occurred while such person was a minor, may sue in any appropriate United States District Court and shall recover the actual damages such person sustains or liquidated damages in the amount of $150,000, and the cost of the action, including reasonable attorney’s fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred. The court may also award punitive damages and such other preliminary and equitable relief as the court determines to be appropriate. **(b) Statute of Limitations.—** There shall be no time limit for the filing of a complaint commencing an action under this section. **(c) Venue; Service of Process.—** (1) **Venue.—** — Any action brought under subsection (a) may be brought in the district court of the United States that meets applicable requirements relating to venue under [section 1391 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1391&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) **Service of process.—** — In an action brought under subsection (a), process may be served in any district in which the defendant— (A) is an inhabitant; or (B) may be found.

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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 110, § 2255; chapter-110-sexual-exploitation-and-other-abuse-of-children.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 1 — Repealed. Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 218(a)(1), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2027]

### Statutory Notes Section, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 684; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–596, § 8, 98 Stat. 3138, classified offenses as a felony, misdemeanor, or petty offense. #### Effective Date of Repeal Repeal of section effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of such repeal, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under [section 3551 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3551&num=0&edition=prelim). #### Short Title of 2026 Amendment Pub. L. 119–73, § 1, Jan. 23, 2026, 139 Stat. 2003, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 28 and 3771A of this title, amending [section 7102 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7102&num=0&edition=prelim), Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and enacting provisions set out as notes under [section 28 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section28&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 10110 of Title 34](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section10110&num=0&edition=prelim), Crime Control and Law Enforcement] may be cited as the ‘Trafficking Survivors Relief Act’.” #### Short Title of 2024 Amendment Pub. L. 118–78, § 1, July 30, 2024, 138 Stat. 1512, provided that: “This Act [enacting [section 1352 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1352&num=0&edition=prelim) and amending [section 201 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section201&num=0&edition=prelim)] may be cited as the ‘Foreign Extortion Prevention Technical Corrections Act’.” Pub. L. 118–77, § 1, July

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 1391 — Venue generally

**(a) Applicability of Section.—** Except as otherwise provided by law— (1) this section shall govern the venue of all civil actions brought in district courts of the United States; and (2) the proper venue for a civil action shall be determined without regard to whether the action is local or transitory in nature. **(b) Venue in General.—** A civil action may be brought in— (1) a judicial district in which any defendant resides, if all defendants are residents of the State in which the district is located; (2) a judicial district in which a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or a substantial part of property that is the subject of the action is situated; or (3) if there is no district in which an action may otherwise be brought as provided in this section, any judicial district in which any defendant is subject to the court’s personal jurisdiction with respect to such action. **(c) Residency.—** For all venue purposes— (1) a natural person, including an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States, shall be deemed to reside in the judicial district in which that person is domiciled; (2) an entity with the capacity to sue and be sued in its common name under applicable law, whether or not incorporated, shall be deemed to reside, if a defendant, in any judicial district in which such defendant is subject to the court’s personal jurisdiction with respect to the civil action in question and, if a plaintiff, only in the judicial district in which it maintains its principal place of business; and (3) a defendant not resident in the United States may be sued in any judicial district, and the joinder of such a defendant shall be disregarded in determining where the action may be brought with respect

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18 U.S.C. § 2256 — Definitions for chapter

For the purposes of this chapter, the term— (1) “minor” means any person under the age of eighteen years; (2) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), “sexually explicit conduct” means actual or simulated— (i) sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex; (ii) bestiality; (iii) masturbation; (iv) sadistic or masochistic abuse; or (v) lascivious exhibition of the anus, genitals, or pubic area of any person; (B) For purposes of subsection 8(B) 11 So in original. Probably should be “(8)(B)”. of this section, “sexually explicit conduct” means— (i) graphic sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex, or lascivious simulated sexual intercourse where the genitals, breast, or pubic area of any person is exhibited; (ii) graphic or lascivious simulated; (I) bestiality; (II) masturbation; or (III) sadistic or masochistic abuse; or (iii) graphic or simulated lascivious exhibition of the anus, genitals, or pubic area of any person; (3) “producing” means producing, directing, manufacturing, issuing, publishing, or advertising; (4) “organization” means a person other than an individual; (5) “visual depiction” includes undeveloped film and videotape, data stored on computer disk or by electronic means which is capable of conversion into a visual image, and data which is capable of conversion into a visual image that has been transmitted by any means, whether or not stored in a permanent format; (6) “computer” has the meaning given that term in [section 1030 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:

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18 U.S.C. § 2251 — Sexual exploitation of children

**(a)** Any person who employs, uses, persuades, induces, entices, or coerces any minor to engage in, or who has a minor assist any other person to engage in, or who transports any minor in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, with the intent that such minor engage in, any sexually explicit conduct for the purpose of producing any visual depiction of such conduct or for the purpose of transmitting a live visual depiction of such conduct, shall be punished as provided under subsection (e), if such person knows or has reason to know that such visual depiction will be transported or transmitted using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce or mailed, if that visual depiction was produced or transmitted using materials that have been mailed, shipped, or transported in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce by any means, including by computer, or if such visual depiction has actually been transported or transmitted using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce or mailed. **(b)** Any parent, legal guardian, or person having custody or control of a minor who knowingly permits such minor to engage in, or to assist any other person to engage in, sexually explicit conduct for the purpose of producing any visual depiction of such conduct or for the purpose of transmitting a live visual depiction of such conduct shall be punished as provided under subsection (e) of this section, if such parent, legal guardian, or person knows or has reason to know that such visual depiction will be transported or transmitted using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affec

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18 U.S.C. § 2255 — Civil remedy for personal injuries

Page 533 TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE § 2255 Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500. AMENDMENTS 2006—Pub. L. 109–248 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to civil forfeiture of cer- tain types of property described in this chapter and laws applicable to civil forfeiture proceedings. 2002—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 107–273 struck out comma before period at end. 2000—Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 106–185 struck out be- fore period at end ‘‘, except that no property shall be forfeited under this paragraph, to the extent of the in- terest of an owner, by reason of any act or omission es- tablished by that owner to have been committed or omitted without the knowledge or consent of that owner’’. 1998—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–314, § 603(1), sub- stituted ‘‘2252, 2252A, or 2260 of this chapter, or used or intended to be used to commit or to promote the com- mission of an offense under section 2421, 2422, or 2423 of chapter 117,’’ for ‘‘or 2252 of this chapter’’. Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–314, § 603(2), substituted ‘‘2252, 2252A, or 2260 of this chapter, or obtained from a violation of section 2421, 2422, or 2423 of chapter 117,’’ for ‘‘or 2252 of this chapter’’. 1994—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–322, § 330011(m)(2), amended directory language of Pub. L. 101–647, § 3565(3)(A). See 1990 Amendment note below. 1990—Subsec. (a)(1) to (3). Pub. L. 101–647, § 3565(1), substituted ‘‘section 2251’’ for ‘‘sections 2251’’. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–647, § 3565(2), inserted heading. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–647, § 3565(3)(A), as amended by Pub. L. 103–322, § 330011(m)(2), substituted ‘‘section’’ for ‘‘subchapter’’ after ‘‘forfeited under this’’ in two places in concluding p

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