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18 U.S.C. § 2256 — Definitions for chapter
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this chapter, the term—
(1) “minor” means any person under the age of eighteen years;
(2)
(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), “sexually explicit conduct” means actual or simulated—
(i) sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex;
(ii) bestiality;
(iii) masturbation;
(iv) sadistic or masochistic abuse; or
(v) lascivious exhibition of the anus, genitals, or pubic area of any person;
(B) For purposes of subsection 8(B) 11 So in original. Probably should be “(8)(B)”. of this section, “sexually explicit conduct” means—
(i) graphic sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex, or lascivious simulated sexual intercourse where the genitals, breast, or pubic area of any person is exhibited;
(ii) graphic or lascivious simulated;
(I) bestiality;
(II) masturbation; or
(III) sadistic or masochistic abuse; or
(iii) graphic or simulated lascivious exhibition of the anus, genitals, or pubic area of any person;
(3) “producing” means producing, directing, manufacturing, issuing, publishing, or advertising;
(4) “organization” means a person other than an individual;
(5) “visual depiction” includes undeveloped film and videotape, data stored on computer disk or by electronic means which is capable of conversion into a visual image, and data which is capable of conversion into a visual image that has been transmitted by any means, whether or not stored in a permanent format;
(6) “computer” has the meaning given that term in [section 1030 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-2256-definitions-for-chapter--99231ad8e1.md
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 110, § 2256; chapter-110-sexual-exploitation-and-other-abuse-of-children.md
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For the purposes of this chapter, the term—
(1) “minor” means any person under the age of eighteen years;
(2)
(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), “sexually explicit conduct” means actual or simulated—
(i) sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex;
(ii) bestiality;
(iii) masturbation;
(iv) sadistic or masochistic abuse; or
(v) lascivious exhibition of the anus, genitals, or pubic area of any person;
(B) For purposes of subsection 8(B) 11 So in original. Probably should be “(8)(B)”. of this section, “sexually explicit conduct” means—
(i) graphic sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex, or lascivious simulated sexual intercourse where the genitals, breast, or pubic area of any person is exhibited;
(ii) graphic or lascivious simulated;
(I) bestiality;
(II) masturbation; or
(III) sadistic or masochistic abuse; or
(iii) graphic or simulated lascivious exhibition of the anus, genitals, or pubic area of any person;
(3) “producing” means producing, directing, manufacturing, issuing, publishing, or advertising;
(4) “organization” means a person other than an individual;
(5) “visual depiction” includes undeveloped film and videotape, data stored on computer disk or by electronic means which is capable of conversion into a visual image, and data which is capable of conversion into a visual image that has been transmitted by any means, whether or not stored in a permanent format;
(6) “computer” has the meaning given that term in [section 1030 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1030&num=0&edition=prelim);
(7) “custody or control” includes temporary supervision over or responsibility for a minor whether legally or illegally obtained;
(8) “child pornography” means any visual depiction, including any photograph, film, video, picture, or computer or computer-generated image or picture, whether made or produced by electronic, mechanical, or other means, of sexually explicit conduct, where—
(A) the production of such visual depiction involves the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct;
(B) such visual depiction is a digital image, computer image, or computer-generated image that is, or is indistinguishable from, that of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct; or
(C) such visual depiction has been created, adapted, or modified to appear that an identifiable minor is engaging in sexually explicit conduct.
(9) “identifiable minor”—
(A) means a person—
(i)
(I) who was a minor at the time the visual depiction was created, adapted, or modified; or
(II) whose image as a minor was used in creating, adapting, or modifying the visual depiction; and
(ii) who is recognizable as an actual person by the person’s face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature; and
(B) shall not be construed to require proof of the actual identity of the identifiable minor.
(10) “graphic”, when used with respect to a depiction of sexually explicit conduct, means that a viewer can observe any part of the genitals or pubic area of any depicted person or animal during any part of the time that the sexually explicit conduct is being depicted; and
(11) the term “indistinguishable” used with respect to a depiction, means virtually indistinguishable, in that the depiction is such that an ordinary person viewing the depiction would conclude that the depiction is of an actual minor engaged in sexually explicit conduct. This definition does not apply to depictions that are drawings, cartoons, sculptures, or paintings depicting minors or adults.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Any person who—
(1) knowingly transports or ships using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce by any means including by computer or mails, any visual depiction, if—
(A) the producing of such visual depiction involves the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct; and
(B) such visual depiction is of such conduct;
(2) knowingly receives, or distributes, any visual depiction using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce or that has been mailed, or has been shipped or transported in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, or which contains materials which have been mailed or so shipped or transported, by any means including by computer, or knowingly reproduces any visual depiction for distribution using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce or through the mails, if—
(A) the producing of such visual depiction involves the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct; and
(B) such visual depiction is of such conduct;
(3) either—
(A) in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or on any land or building owned by, leased to, or otherwise used by or under the control of the Government of the United States, or in the Indian country as defined in [section 1151 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1151&num=0&edition=prelim), knowingly sells or possesses with intent to sell any visual depiction; or
(B) knowingly sells or possesses with intent to sell any visual depiction that has been mailed, shipped, or transported using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce, or has been shipped
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Property Subject to Criminal Forfeiture.—** A person who is convicted of an offense under this chapter involving a visual depiction described in section 2251, 2251A, 2252, 2252A, or 2260 of this chapter or who is convicted of an offense under section 2252B of this chapter,,11 So in original. The extra comma probably should follow “2260 of this chapter”. or who is convicted of an offense under chapter 109A, shall forfeit to the United States such person’s interest in—
(1) any visual depiction described in section 2251, 2251A, or 2252 22 So in original. Probably should be “2251A, 2252,”. 2252A, 2252B, or 2260 of this chapter, or any book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, or other matter which contains any such visual depiction, which was produced, transported, mailed, shipped or received in violation of this chapter;
(2) any property, real or personal, constituting or traceable to gross profits or other proceeds obtained from such offense; and
(3) any property, real or personal, used or intended to be used to commit or to promote the commission of such offense or any property traceable to such property.
**(b)** Section 413 of the Controlled Substances Act ([21 U.S.C. 853](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section853&num=0&edition=prelim)) with the exception of subsections (a) and (d), applies to the criminal forfeiture of property pursuant to subsection (a).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** Any person who, while a minor, was a victim of a violation of section 1589, 1590, 1591, 2241(c), 2242, 2243, 2251, 2251A, 2252, 2252A, 2260, 2421, 2422, or 2423 of this title and who suffers personal injury as a result of such violation, regardless of whether the injury occurred while such person was a minor, may sue in any appropriate United States District Court and shall recover the actual damages such person sustains or liquidated damages in the amount of $150,000, and the cost of the action, including reasonable attorney’s fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred. The court may also award punitive damages and such other preliminary and equitable relief as the court determines to be appropriate.
**(b) Statute of Limitations.—** There shall be no time limit for the filing of a complaint commencing an action under this section.
**(c) Venue; Service of Process.—**
(1) **Venue.—** — Any action brought under subsection (a) may be brought in the district court of the United States that meets applicable requirements relating to venue under [section 1391 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1391&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Service of process.—** — In an action brought under subsection (a), process may be served in any district in which the defendant—
(A) is an inhabitant; or
(B) may be found.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever—
(1) having knowingly accessed a computer without authorization or exceeding authorized access, and by means of such conduct having obtained information that has been determined by the United States Government pursuant to an Executive order or statute to require protection against unauthorized disclosure for reasons of national defense or foreign relations, or any restricted data, as defined in paragraph y. of section 11 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, with reason to believe that such information so obtained could be used to the injury of the United States, or to the advantage of any foreign nation willfully communicates, delivers, transmits, or causes to be communicated, delivered, or transmitted, or attempts to communicate, deliver, transmit or cause to be communicated, delivered, or transmitted the same to any person not entitled to receive it, or willfully retains the same and fails to deliver it to the officer or employee of the United States entitled to receive it;
(2) intentionally accesses a computer without authorization or exceeds authorized access, and thereby obtains—
(A) information contained in a financial record of a financial institution, or of a card issuer as defined in section 1602(n) 11 See References in Text note below. of title 15, or contained in a file of a consumer reporting agency on a consumer, as such terms are defined in the Fair Credit Reporting Act ([15 U.S.C. 1681](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1681&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(B) information from any department or agency of the United States; or
(C) information from any protected computer;
(3) intentionally, without authorization to access any nonpublic computer of a department or agency of the United States,
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Requirements for transmission of messages**
(1) **Prohibition of false or misleading transmission information** — It is unlawful for any person to initiate the transmission, to a protected computer, of a commercial electronic mail message, or a transactional or relationship message, that contains, or is accompanied by, header information that is materially false or materially misleading. For purposes of this paragraph—
(A) header information that is technically accurate but includes an originating electronic mail address, domain name, or Internet Protocol address the access to which for purposes of initiating the message was obtained by means of false or fraudulent pretenses or representations shall be considered materially misleading;
(B) a “from” line (the line identifying or purporting to identify a person initiating the message) that accurately identifies any person who initiated the message shall not be considered materially false or materially misleading; and
(C) header information shall be considered materially misleading if it fails to identify accurately a protected computer used to initiate the message because the person initiating the message knowingly uses another protected computer to relay or retransmit the message for purposes of disguising its origin.
(2) **Prohibition of deceptive subject headings** — It is unlawful for any person to initiate the transmission to a protected computer of a commercial electronic mail message if such person has actual knowledge, or knowledge fairly implied on the basis of objective circumstances, that a subject heading of the message would be likely to mislead a recipient, acting reasonably under the circumstances, about a material fact regarding the contents or subject matter of the message (consistent wit
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** For purposes of this section—
(1) the term “adult attendant” means an adult described in subsection (i) who accompanies a child throughout the judicial process for the purpose of providing emotional support;
(2) the term “child” means a person who is under the age of 18, who is or is alleged to be—
(A) a victim of a crime of physical abuse, sexual abuse, or exploitation; or
(B) a witness to a crime committed against another person;
(3) the term “child abuse” means the physical or mental injury, sexual abuse or exploitation, or negligent treatment of a child;
(4) the term “physical injury” includes lacerations, fractured bones, burns, internal injuries, severe bruising or serious bodily harm;
(5) the term “mental injury” means harm to a child’s psychological or intellectual functioning which may be exhibited by severe anxiety, depression, withdrawal or outward aggressive behavior, or a combination of those behaviors, which may be demonstrated by a change in behavior, emotional response, or cognition;
(6) the term “exploitation” means child pornography or child prostitution;
(7) the term “multidisciplinary child abuse team” means a professional unit composed of representatives from health, social service, law enforcement, and legal service agencies to coordinate the assistance needed to handle cases of child abuse;
(8) the term “sexual abuse” includes the employment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement, or coercion of a child to engage in, or assist another person to engage in, sexually explicit conduct or the rape, molestation, prostitution, or other form of sexual exploitation of children, or incest with children;
(9) the term “sexually explicit conduct” means actual or simulated—
(A) sexual intercourse, including sexual conta
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 3509
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** No funds made available under this part to a local educational agency for an elementary school or secondary school that does not receive services at discount rates under [section 254(h)(5) of title 47](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section254/h/5&num=0&edition=prelim) may be used to purchase computers used to access the Internet, or to pay for direct costs associated with accessing the Internet, for such school unless the school, school board, local educational agency, or other authority with responsibility for administration of such school both—
(1)
(A) has in place a policy of Internet safety for minors that includes the operation of a technology protection measure with respect to any of its computers with Internet access that protects against access through such computers to visual depictions that are—
(i) obscene;
(ii) child pornography; or
(iii) harmful to minors; and
(B) is enforcing the operation of such technology protection measure during any use of such computers by minors; and
(2)
(A) has in place a policy of Internet safety that includes the operation of a technology protection measure with respect to any of its computers with Internet access that protects against access through such computers to visual depictions that are—
(i) obscene; or
(ii) child pornography; and
(B) is enforcing the operation of such technology protection measure during any use of such computers.
**(b) Timing and applicability of implementation**
(1) **In general** — The local educational agency with responsibility for a school covered by subsection (a) shall certify the compliance of such school with the requirements of subsection (a) as part of the application process for the next progra
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) State plan required**
(1) **In general** — In order to be eligible to receive a grant under this subchapter, a State library administrative agency shall submit a State plan to the Director once every 5 years, as determined by the Director.
(2) **Duration** — The State plan shall cover a period of 5 fiscal years.
(3) **Revisions** — If a State library administrative agency makes a substantive revision to its State plan, then the State library administrative agency shall submit to the Director an amendment to the State plan containing such revision not later than April 1 of the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the amendment will be effective.
**(b) Contents** The State plan shall—
(1) establish goals, and specify priorities, for the State consistent with the purposes of this subchapter;
(2) describe activities that are consistent with the goals and priorities established under paragraph (1), the purposes of this subchapter, and [section 9141 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section9141&num=0&edition=prelim), that the State library administrative agency will carry out during such year using such grant;
(3) describe the procedures that such agency will use to carry out the activities described in paragraph (2);
(4) describe the methodology that such agency will use to evaluate the success of the activities established under paragraph (2) in achieving the goals and meeting the priorities described in paragraph (1);
(5) describe the procedures that such agency will use to involve libraries and library users throughout the State in policy decisions regarding implementation of this subchapter;
(6) describe how the State library administrative agency will work with other State agencies and offices
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purpose of this subchapter—
(1) the term “missing child” means any individual less than 18 years of age whose whereabouts are unknown to such individual’s parent;
(2) the term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention;
(3) the term “Center” means the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children;
(4) the term “parent” includes a legal guardian or other individual who may lawfully exercise parental rights with respect to the child; and
(5) the term “child sexual abuse material” has the meaning given the term “child pornography” in [section 2256 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2256&num=0&edition=prelim); 11 So in original. The semicolon probably should be a period.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Child sexual abuse material** — The term “child sexual abuse material” has the meaning given the term “child pornography” in [section 2256 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2256&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Child sexual exploitation offense** — The term “child sexual exploitation offense” means—
(A)
(i) an offense involving a minor under section 1591 or chapter 117 of title 18;
(ii) an offense under subsection (a), (b), or (c) of [section 2251 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2251&num=0&edition=prelim);
(iii) an offense under section 2251A or 2252A(g) of title 18; or
(iv) any attempt or conspiracy to commit an offense described in clause (i) or (ii); or
(B) an offense involving a minor under a State or Tribal statute that is similar to a provision described in subparagraph (A).
(3) **Circle of trust offender** — The term “circle of trust offender” means an offender who is related to, or in a position of trust, authority, or supervisory control with respect to, a child.
(4) **Computer** — The term “computer” has the meaning given the term in [section 1030 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1030&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Contact sexual offense** — The term “contact sexual offense” means—
(A) an offense involving a minor under chapter 109A of title 18, or any attempt or conspiracy to commit such an offense; or
(B) an offense involving a minor under a State or Tribal statute that is similar to a provision described in subparagraph (A).
(6) **Dual offender** — The term “dual offender” means—
(A) a person who commits—
(i) a
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 20945
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