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20 U.S.C. § 5812 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Subchapters I, II, III, and X** As used in subchapters I, II, III, and X of this chapter—
(1) the terms “all students” and “all children” mean students or children from a broad range of backgrounds and circumstances, including disadvantaged students and children, students or children with diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, students or children with disabilities, students or children with limited-English proficiency, school-aged students or children who have dropped out of school, migratory students or children, and academically talented students and children;
(2) the term “Bureau”, unless otherwise provided, means the Bureau of Indian Affairs;
(3) the terms “community”, “public”, and “advocacy group” include representatives of organizations advocating for the education of American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian children and Indian tribes;
(4) the term “content standards” means broad descriptions of the knowledge and skills students should acquire in a particular subject area;
(5) the term “Governor” means the chief executive of the State;
(6) the terms “local educational agency” and “State educational agency” have the meaning given such terms in [section 8801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section8801&num=0&edition=prelim); 11 See References in Text note below.
(7) the term “outlying areas” means Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Palau (until the effective date of the Compact of Free Association with the Government of Palau), the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia;
(8) the term “performance standards” means concrete examples and exp
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Source location: Title 20, Chapter 68, § 5812; chapter-068-national-education-reform.md
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**(a) Subchapters I, II, III, and X** As used in subchapters I, II, III, and X of this chapter—
(1) the terms “all students” and “all children” mean students or children from a broad range of backgrounds and circumstances, including disadvantaged students and children, students or children with diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, students or children with disabilities, students or children with limited-English proficiency, school-aged students or children who have dropped out of school, migratory students or children, and academically talented students and children;
(2) the term “Bureau”, unless otherwise provided, means the Bureau of Indian Affairs;
(3) the terms “community”, “public”, and “advocacy group” include representatives of organizations advocating for the education of American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian children and Indian tribes;
(4) the term “content standards” means broad descriptions of the knowledge and skills students should acquire in a particular subject area;
(5) the term “Governor” means the chief executive of the State;
(6) the terms “local educational agency” and “State educational agency” have the meaning given such terms in [section 8801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section8801&num=0&edition=prelim); 11 See References in Text note below.
(7) the term “outlying areas” means Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Palau (until the effective date of the Compact of Free Association with the Government of Palau), the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia;
(8) the term “performance standards” means concrete examples and explicit definitions of what students have to know and be able to do to demonstrate that such students are proficient in the skills and knowledge framed by content standards;
(9) the term “related services” has the same meaning given such term under [section 1401 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1401&num=0&edition=prelim);
(10) the term “State assessment” means measures of student performance which include at least 1 instrument of evaluation, and may include other measures of student performance, for a specific purpose and use which are intended to evaluate the progress of all students in the State toward learning the material in State content standards in 1 or more subject areas;
(11) the term “school” means a public school that is under the authority of the State educational agency or a local educational agency or, for the purpose of carrying out section 5895(b) 1 of this title, a school that is operated or funded by the Bureau;
(12) the term “Secretary”, unless otherwise provided, means the Secretary of Education; and
(13) the term “State”, unless otherwise provided, means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and each of the outlying areas.
**(b) Subchapters IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX** For the purpose of subchapters IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX—
(1) except as provided in paragraph (3) and unless otherwise provided, the terms used in such subchapters have the same meanings given such terms in [section 8801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section8801&num=0&edition=prelim); 1
(2) the term “Bureau”, unless otherwise provided, means the Bureau of Indian Affairs; and
(3) the term “Secretary”, unless otherwise provided, means the Secretary of Education.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress, recognizing—
(1) that museums serve as sources for schools in providing education for children,
(2) that museums provide educational services of various kinds for educational agencies and institutions and institutions of higher education, and
(3) that the expense of the educational services provided by museums is seldom borne by the educational agencies and institutions taking advantage of the museums’ resources,
declares that it is the sense of the Congress that museums be considered educational institutions and that the cost of their educational services be more frequently borne by educational agencies and institutions benefiting from those services.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment** There shall be in the Department of Education an Office of Educational Technology (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Office”), to be administered by the Director of Educational Technology. The Director of Educational Technology shall report directly to the Secretary and shall perform such additional functions as the Secretary may prescribe.
**(b) Director** The Director of the Office of Educational Technology (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Director”), through the Office, shall—
(1) in support of the overall national technology policy and in consultation with other Federal departments or agencies which the Director determines appropriate, provide leadership to the Nation in the use of technology to promote achievement of the National Education Goals and to increase opportunities for all students to achieve State content and challenging State student performance standards;
(2) review all programs and training functions administered by the Department and recommend policies in order to promote increased use of technology and technology planning throughout all such programs and functions;
(3) review all relevant programs supported by the Department to ensure that such programs are coordinated with and support the national long-range technology plan developed pursuant to section 5862(b) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title; and
(4) perform such additional functions as the Secretary may require.
**(c) Officers and employees** The Director is authorized to select, appoint, and employ such officers and employees as may be necessary to carry out the functions of the Office, subject to the provisions of title 5 (governing appointments in the competitive service), and the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Agreements** In any case in which a negotiated rulemaking process is established under [section 6571(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section6571/b&num=0&edition=prelim), all published proposed regulations shall conform to agreements that result from the rulemaking described in [section 6571 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section6571&num=0&edition=prelim) unless the Secretary reopens the negotiated rulemaking process.
**(b) Records** The Secretary shall ensure that an accurate and reliable record of agreements reached during the negotiations process is maintained.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Approval** The Compact of Free Association set forth in title II of this joint resolution between the United States and the Government of Palau is hereby approved, and Congress hereby consents to the agreements as set forth on pages 154 through 405 of House Document 99–193 of April 9, 1986 (hereafter in this joint resolution referred to as subsidiary or related agreements), as they relate to such Government. Subject to the provisions of this joint resolution, the President is authorized to agree, in accordance with section 411 of the Compact, to an effective date for and thereafter to implement such Compact, having taken into account any procedures with respect to the United Nations for termination of the Trusteeship Agreement.
**(b) Reference to Compact** Any reference in this joint resolution to the “Compact” shall be treated as a reference to the Compact of Free Association set forth in title II of this joint resolution.
**(c) Amendment, change, or termination of Compact and certain agreements**
(1) Mutual agreement by the Government of the United States as provided in the Compact which results in amendment, change, or termination of all or any part thereof shall be affected only by Act of Congress and no unilateral action by the Government of the United States provided for in the Compact, and having such result, may be effected other than by Act of Congress.
(2) The provisions of paragraph (1) shall apply—
(A) to all actions of the Government of the United States under the Compact including, but not limited to, actions taken pursuant to sections 431, 432, 441, or 442;
(B) to any amendment, change, or termination in any agreement that may be concluded at any time between the Government of the United States and the Government of Palau regarding friends
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 101–625, title V, § 520, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4202; Pub. L. 102–389, title II, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1587; Pub. L. 102–550, title I, § 126(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3710; Pub. L. 103–227, title X, §§ 1052, 1053, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 274, 280; Pub. L. 104–330, title V, § 501(d)(2), Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4043, authorized grants for public and assisted housing youth sports programs.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective and applicable beginning upon Oct. 1, 1999, except as otherwise provided, with provision that Secretary may implement repeal before such date, and with savings provision, see section 503 of Pub. L. 105–276, set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under [section 1437 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1437&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Level IV of the Executive Schedule applies to the following positions, for which the annual rate of basic pay shall be the rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by [section 5318 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5318&num=0&edition=prelim):
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Except as otherwise provided, in this chapter:
(1) **Assistive technology device**
(A) *In general* — The term “assistive technology device” means any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of a child with a disability.
(B) *Exception* — The term does not include a medical device that is surgically implanted, or the replacement of such device.
(2) **Assistive technology service** — The term “assistive technology service” means any service that directly assists a child with a disability in the selection, acquisition, or use of an assistive technology device. Such term includes—
(A) the evaluation of the needs of such child, including a functional evaluation of the child in the child’s customary environment;
(B) purchasing, leasing, or otherwise providing for the acquisition of assistive technology devices by such child;
(C) selecting, designing, fitting, customizing, adapting, applying, maintaining, repairing, or replacing assistive technology devices;
(D) coordinating and using other therapies, interventions, or services with assistive technology devices, such as those associated with existing education and rehabilitation plans and programs;
(E) training or technical assistance for such child, or, where appropriate, the family of such child; and
(F) training or technical assistance for professionals (including individuals providing education and rehabilitation services), employers, or other individuals who provide services to, employ, or are otherwise substantially involved in the major life functions of such child.
(3) **Child with a disability**
(A) *In general* — The term “child with a disabil
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds that—
(1) the Federal Government has a duty to provide public and other federally assisted low-income housing that is decent, safe, and free from illegal drugs;
(2) public and other federally assisted low-income housing in many areas suffers from rampant drug-related or violent crime;
(3) drug dealers are increasingly imposing a reign of terror on public and other federally assisted low-income housing tenants;
(4) the increase in drug-related and violent crime not only leads to murders, muggings, and other forms of violence against tenants, but also to a deterioration of the physical environment that requires substantial government expenditures;
(5) local law enforcement authorities often lack the resources to deal with the drug problem in public and other federally assisted low-income housing, particularly in light of the recent reductions in Federal aid to cities;
(6) the Federal Government should provide support for effective safety and security measures to combat drug-related and violent crime, primarily in and around public housing projects with severe crime problems;
(7) closer cooperation should be encouraged between public and assisted housing managers, local law enforcement agencies, and residents in developing and implementing anti-crime programs; and
(8) anti-crime strategies should be improved through the expansion of community-oriented policing initiatives.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, § 8001, as added Pub. L. 103–227, title X, § 1032(3), Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 270, which related to gun-free school requirements, was omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, § 101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.
Prior sections 3351 to 3354 and 3361 to 3367 were repealed by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, § 587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.
Section 3351, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 941, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2301, set out purpose of program of special grants for safe schools.
Section 3352, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 942, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2301, authorized appropriations.
Section 3353, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 943, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2301; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to allotments to local educational agencies.
Section 3354, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 944, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2302; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to submission of applications by local educational agencies in order to receive grants.
Section 3361, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 951, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2303, set out statement of policy for ethnic heritage program.
Section 3362, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, § 952, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, § 802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2303; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507,
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1292
TITLE 20—EDUCATION
§ 5811
AMENDMENTS
2004—Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 108–446 substituted ‘‘sec-
tion 1401’’ for ‘‘section 1401(a)(17)’’.
1996—Subsec. (a)(7) to (14). Pub. L. 104–134 redesig-
nated pars. (8) to (14) as (7) to (13), respectively, and
struck out former par. (7) which read as follows: ‘‘the
term ‘opportunity-to-learn standards’ means the cri-
teria for, and the basis of, assessing the sufficiency or
quality of the resources, practices, and conditions nec-
essary at each level of the education system (schools,
local educational agencies, and States) to provide all
students with an opportunity to learn the material in
voluntary national content standards or State content
standards;’’.
1994—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 103–382, § 394(f)(1)(A)(i),
substituted ‘‘section 8801’’ for ‘‘section 2891’’.
Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 103–382, § 394(f)(1)(A)(ii), sub-
stituted ‘‘section 1401(a)(17)’’ for ‘‘section 1401’’.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 103–382, § 394(f)(1)(B), sub-
stituted ‘‘section 8801’’ for ‘‘section 2891’’.
SUBCHAPTER I—NATIONAL EDUCATION
GOALS
§ 5811. Purpose
The purpose of this subchapter is to establish
National Education Goals.
(Pub. L. 103–227, title I, § 101, Mar. 31, 1994, 108
Stat. 130.)
§ 5812. National Education Goals
The Congress declares that the National Edu-
cation Goals are the following:
(1) School readiness
(A) By the year 2000, all children in America
will start school ready to learn.
(B) The objectives for this goal are that—
(i) all children will have access to high-
quality and developmentally appropriate
preschool programs that help prepare chil-
dren for school;
(ii) every parent in the United States will
be a child’s first teacher and devote time
each day to helping such parent’s preschool
child learn, a
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