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2 U.S.C. § 135a — National library service for the blind and print disabled
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Accessible materials and reproducers**
(1) **In general** — The Librarian of Congress is authorized to provide to eligible persons who are residents of the United States (including residents of the several States, insular possessions, and the District of Columbia) and to eligible persons who are United States citizens residing outside the United States the following items:
(A) Literary works published in raised characters, on sound-reproduction recordings, or in any other accessible format.
(B) Musical scores, instructional texts, and other specialized materials used in furthering educational, vocational, and cultural opportunities in the field of music published in any accessible format.
(C) Reproducers for such formats.
(2) **Ownership** — Any item provided under paragraph (1) shall be provided on a loan basis and shall remain the property of the Library of Congress.
**(b) Lending preference** In the lending of items under subsection (a), the Librarian shall at all times give preference to—
(1) the needs of the blind and visually disabled; and
(2) the needs of eligible persons who have been honorably discharged from the Armed Forces of the United States.
**(c) Network** The Librarian of Congress may contract or otherwise arrange with such public or other nonprofit libraries, agencies, or organizations as the Librarian may determine appropriate to serve as local or regional centers for the circulation of items described in subsection (a)(1).
**(d) International service** The Librarian of Congress is authorized to provide items described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(1) to authorized entities located in a country that is a party to the Marrakesh Treaty, if any such items are delivered to authorized entities through online, not phys
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_cd72951ce2cf74c1a5d7caae
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-2/section-135a-national-library-service-for-the-blind-and-print-disabled--5b1de9f458.md
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Passage SHA-256: 1d4cdf1b01a484f1ae33de938b26ac2fd360654d1683297e208ee3096abe7f5c
Source location: Title 2, Chapter 5, § 135a; chapter-005-library-of-congress.md
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**(a) Accessible materials and reproducers**
(1) **In general** — The Librarian of Congress is authorized to provide to eligible persons who are residents of the United States (including residents of the several States, insular possessions, and the District of Columbia) and to eligible persons who are United States citizens residing outside the United States the following items:
(A) Literary works published in raised characters, on sound-reproduction recordings, or in any other accessible format.
(B) Musical scores, instructional texts, and other specialized materials used in furthering educational, vocational, and cultural opportunities in the field of music published in any accessible format.
(C) Reproducers for such formats.
(2) **Ownership** — Any item provided under paragraph (1) shall be provided on a loan basis and shall remain the property of the Library of Congress.
**(b) Lending preference** In the lending of items under subsection (a), the Librarian shall at all times give preference to—
(1) the needs of the blind and visually disabled; and
(2) the needs of eligible persons who have been honorably discharged from the Armed Forces of the United States.
**(c) Network** The Librarian of Congress may contract or otherwise arrange with such public or other nonprofit libraries, agencies, or organizations as the Librarian may determine appropriate to serve as local or regional centers for the circulation of items described in subsection (a)(1).
**(d) International service** The Librarian of Congress is authorized to provide items described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(1) to authorized entities located in a country that is a party to the Marrakesh Treaty, if any such items are delivered to authorized entities through online, not physical, means. The Librarian may contract or otherwise arrange with such authorized entities to deliver such items to eligible persons located in their countries in any accessible format and consistent with [section 121A of title 17](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title17-section121A&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(e) Contracting preference** In the purchase and maintenance of items described in subsection (a), the Librarian of Congress, without regard to [section 6101 of title 41](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title41-section6101&num=0&edition=prelim), shall give preference to nonprofit institutions or agencies whose activities are primarily concerned with the blind and with other physically disabled persons, in all cases where, considering all the circumstances and needs involved, the Librarian determines that the prices submitted are fair and reasonable.
**(f) Regulations** The Librarian of Congress shall prescribe regulations for services under this section, in consultation with eligible persons and authorized entities. Such regulations shall include procedures that shall be used by an individual to establish that the individual is an eligible person.
**(g) Definitions** In this section—
(1) the terms “accessible format”, “authorized entity”, and “eligible person” have the meanings given those terms in [section 121 of title 17](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title17-section121&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(2) the term “Marrakesh Treaty” has the meaning given in section 121A of such title 17.
**(h) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Notwithstanding the provisions of section 106, it is not an infringement of copyright for an authorized entity to reproduce or to distribute in the United States copies or phonorecords of a previously published literary work or of a previously published musical work that has been fixed in the form of text or notation if such copies or phonorecords are reproduced or distributed in accessible formats exclusively for use by eligible persons.
**(b)**
(1) Copies or phonorecords to which this section applies shall—
(A) not be reproduced or distributed in the United States in a format other than an accessible format exclusively for use by eligible persons;
(B) bear a notice that any further reproduction or distribution in a format other than an accessible format is an infringement; and
(C) include a copyright notice identifying the copyright owner and the date of the original publication.
(2) The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to standardized, secure, or norm-referenced tests and related testing material, or to computer programs, except the portions thereof that are in conventional human language (including descriptions of pictorial works) and displayed to users in the ordinary course of using the computer programs.
**(c)** Notwithstanding the provisions of section 106, it is not an infringement of copyright for a publisher of print instructional materials for use in elementary or secondary schools to create and distribute to the National Instructional Materials Access Center copies of the electronic files described in sections 612(a)(23)(C), 613(a)(6), and section 674(e) of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act that contain the contents of print instructional materials using the National Instructional Material Accessibility Standa
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 17 U.S.C. § 121
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 602, it is not an infringement of copyright for an authorized entity, acting pursuant to this section, to export copies or phonorecords of a previously published literary work or of a previously published musical work that has been fixed in the form of text or notation in accessible formats to another country when the exportation is made either to—
(1) an authorized entity located in a country that is a Party to the Marrakesh Treaty; or
(2) an eligible person in a country that is a Party to the Marrakesh Treaty,
if prior to the exportation of such copies or phonorecords, the authorized entity engaged in the exportation did not know or have reasonable grounds to know that the copies or phonorecords would be used other than by eligible persons.
**(b)** Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 602, it is not an infringement of copyright for an authorized entity or an eligible person, or someone acting on behalf of an eligible person, acting pursuant to this section, to import copies or phonorecords of a previously published literary work or of a previously published musical work that has been fixed in the form of text or notation in accessible formats.
**(c)** In conducting activities under subsection (a) or (b), an authorized entity shall establish and follow its own practices, in keeping with its particular circumstances, to—
(1) establish that the persons the authorized entity serves are eligible persons;
(2) limit to eligible persons and authorized entities the distribution of accessible format copies by the authorized entity;
(3) discourage the reproduction and distribution of unauthorized copies;
(4) maintain due care in, and records of, the handling of copies of works by the authorized enti
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 17 U.S.C. § 121A
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** In this section—
(1) **Appropriation.—** — The term “appropriation” includes amounts made available by legislation under [section 9104 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section9104&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Federal government.—** — The term “Federal Government” includes the government of the District of Columbia.
**(b) Purchases.—**
(1) **In general.—** — Unless otherwise provided in the appropriation concerned or other law, purchases and contracts for supplies or services for the Federal Government may be made or entered into only after advertising for proposals for a sufficient time.
(2) **Limitations on applicability.—** — Paragraph (1) does not apply when—
(A) the amount involved in any one case does not exceed $25,000;
(B) public exigencies require the immediate delivery of articles or performance of services;
(C) only one source of supply is available and the Federal Government purchasing or contracting officer so certifies; or
(D) services are required to be performed by a contractor in person and are—
(i) of a technical and professional nature; or
(ii) under Federal Government supervision and paid for on a time basis.
**(c) Sales.—** Except when otherwise authorized by law or when the reasonable value involved in any one case does not exceed $500, sales and contracts of sale by the Federal Government are governed by the requirements of this section for advertising.
**(d) Application to Wholly Owned Government Corporations.—** For wholly owned Government corporations, this section applies only to administrative transactions.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 41 U.S.C. § 6101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 87–765, Oct. 9, 1962, 76 Stat. 763; Pub. L. 89–522, § 2, July 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 331, related to library of musical scores, instructional texts, and other specialized materials for use of blind persons or other physically disabled residents. See [section 135a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section135a&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 135a–1
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Librarian of Congress may contract or otherwise arrange with such public or other nonprofit libraries, agencies, or organizations as he may deem appropriate to serve as local or regional centers for the circulation of (1) books, recordings, and reproducers referred to in [section 135a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section135a&num=0&edition=prelim), and (2) musical scores, instructional texts, and other specialized materials referred to in section 135a–1 11 See References in Text note below. of this title, under such conditions and regulations as he may prescribe. In the lending of such books, recordings, reproducers, musical scores, instructional texts, and other specialized materials, preference shall at all times be given to the needs of the blind and of the other physically handicapped persons who have been honorably discharged from the Armed Forces of the United States.
**(b)** There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 135b
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Program authorized**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary, on a competitive basis, shall award grants to, and enter into contracts and cooperative agreements with, eligible entities to support activities described in subsections (b) and (c).
(2) **Definition of eligible entity** — In this section, the term “eligible entity” has the meaning given the term in [section 1461(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1461/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Technology development, demonstration, and use**
(1) **In general** — In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall support activities to promote the development, demonstration, and use of technology.
(2) **Authorized activities** — The following activities may be carried out under this subsection:
(A) Conducting research on and promoting the demonstration and use of innovative, emerging, and universally designed technologies for children with disabilities, by improving the transfer of technology from research and development to practice.
(B) Supporting research, development, and dissemination of technology with universal design features, so that the technology is accessible to the broadest range of individuals with disabilities without further modification or adaptation.
(C) Demonstrating the use of systems to provide parents and teachers with information and training concerning early diagnosis of, intervention for, and effective teaching strategies for, young children with reading disabilities.
(D) Supporting the use of Internet-based communications for students with cognitive disabilities in order to maximize their academic and functional skills.
**(c) Educational media services**
(1) **In general** — In carrying out this section, the Secretary s
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1475
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 60
TITLE 2—THE CONGRESS
§ 135a
(R.S. § 84.)
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
R.S. § 84 derived from act July 14, 1832, ch. 221, § 4, 4
Stat. 579.
§ 135a. National library service for the blind and
print disabled
(a) Accessible materials and reproducers
(1) In general
The Librarian of Congress is authorized to
provide to eligible persons who are residents of
the United States (including residents of the
several States, insular possessions, and the
District of Columbia) and to eligible persons
who are United States citizens residing out-
side the United States the following items:
(A) Literary works published in raised
characters, on sound-reproduction record-
ings, or in any other accessible format.
(B) Musical scores, instructional texts, and
other specialized materials used in fur-
thering educational, vocational, and cul-
tural opportunities in the field of music pub-
lished in any accessible format.
(C) Reproducers for such formats.
(2) Ownership
Any item provided under paragraph (1) shall
be provided on a loan basis and shall remain
the property of the Library of Congress.
(b) Lending preference
In the lending of items under subsection (a),
the Librarian shall at all times give preference
to—
(1) the needs of the blind and visually dis-
abled; and
(2) the needs of eligible persons who have
been honorably discharged from the Armed
Forces of the United States.
(c) Network
The Librarian of Congress may contract or
otherwise arrange with such public or other non-
profit libraries, agencies, or organizations as the
Librarian may determine appropriate to serve as
local or regional centers for the circulation of
items described in subsection (a)(1).
(d) International service
The Librarian of Congress is authorized to pro-
vide items d
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 2 U.S.C. § 135a
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.