Arkansas Legal Resource Navigator

17 U.S.C. § 121A — Limitations on exclusive rights: reproduction for blind or other people with disabilities in Marrakesh Treaty countries

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

17 U.S.C. § 121A — Limitations on exclusive rights: reproduction for blind or other people with disabilities in Marrakesh Treaty countries

**(a)** Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 602, it is not an infringement of copyright for an authorized entity, acting pursuant to this section, to export copies or phonorecords of a previously published literary work or of a previously published musical work that has been fixed in the form of text or notation in accessible formats to another country when the exportation is made either to— (1) an authorized entity located in a country that is a Party to the Marrakesh Treaty; or (2) an eligible person in a country that is a Party to the Marrakesh Treaty, if prior to the exportation of such copies or phonorecords, the authorized entity engaged in the exportation did not know or have reasonable grounds to know that the copies or phonorecords would be used other than by eligible persons. **(b)** Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 602, it is not an infringement of copyright for an authorized entity or an eligible person, or someone acting on behalf of an eligible person, acting pursuant to this section, to import copies or phonorecords of a previously published literary work or of a previously published musical work that has been fixed in the form of text or notation in accessible formats. **(c)** In conducting activities under subsection (a) or (b), an authorized entity shall establish and follow its own practices, in keeping with its particular circumstances, to— (1) establish that the persons the authorized entity serves are eligible persons; (2) limit to eligible persons and authorized entities the distribution of accessible format copies by the authorized entity; (3) discourage the reproduction and distribution of unauthorized copies; (4) maintain due care in, and records of, the handling of copies of works by the authorized enti

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 17 U.S.C. § 121A

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. A text match is a research starting point; applicability is not established.

Original supplied file — preserved unchanged

Download original Markdown file

File SHA-256: 726b84e3c0ac9bd6d7be7a694eb7ce58d755be4b6184b3f2401580eaf00b33b7. The original may include catalog metadata, neighboring provisions, or embedded records outside this collection's scope. Search shows only the selected federal record. Historical editions and unverified snapshots are not a statement of current law.

Authority boundary: historical or unconfirmed source not current law verified.

Open the recorded source website ↗

Record provenance

Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_8513413fb1624a857ca8e7f2
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-17/section-121a-limitations-on-exclusive-rights-reproduction-for-blind-or-other-people-w--8289e0fc8c.md
Pages: Not recorded – Not recorded
Passage SHA-256: d7cc470d73ee2a6949f1b41ccbad41dde377d550239fa4b386e449049da415ae

Source location: Title 17, Chapter 1, § 121A; chapter-001-subject-matter-and-scope-of-copyright.md

Stored source content

**(a)** Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 602, it is not an infringement of copyright for an authorized entity, acting pursuant to this section, to export copies or phonorecords of a previously published literary work or of a previously published musical work that has been fixed in the form of text or notation in accessible formats to another country when the exportation is made either to— (1) an authorized entity located in a country that is a Party to the Marrakesh Treaty; or (2) an eligible person in a country that is a Party to the Marrakesh Treaty, if prior to the exportation of such copies or phonorecords, the authorized entity engaged in the exportation did not know or have reasonable grounds to know that the copies or phonorecords would be used other than by eligible persons. **(b)** Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 602, it is not an infringement of copyright for an authorized entity or an eligible person, or someone acting on behalf of an eligible person, acting pursuant to this section, to import copies or phonorecords of a previously published literary work or of a previously published musical work that has been fixed in the form of text or notation in accessible formats. **(c)** In conducting activities under subsection (a) or (b), an authorized entity shall establish and follow its own practices, in keeping with its particular circumstances, to— (1) establish that the persons the authorized entity serves are eligible persons; (2) limit to eligible persons and authorized entities the distribution of accessible format copies by the authorized entity; (3) discourage the reproduction and distribution of unauthorized copies; (4) maintain due care in, and records of, the handling of copies of works by the authorized entity, while respecting the privacy of eligible persons on an equal basis with others; and (5) facilitate effective cross-border exchange of accessible format copies by making publicly available— (A) the titles of works for which the authorized entity has accessible format copies or phonorecords and the specific accessible formats in which they are available; and (B) information on the policies, practices, and authorized entity partners of the authorized entity for the cross-border exchange of accessible format copies. **(d)** Nothing in this section shall be construed to establish— (1) a cause of action under this title; or (2) a basis for regulation by any Federal agency. **(e)** Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the ability to engage in any activity otherwise permitted under this title. **(f)** For purposes of this section— (1) the terms “accessible format”, “authorized entity”, and “eligible person” have the meanings given those terms in section 121; and (2) the term “Marrakesh Treaty” means the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works by Visually Impaired Persons and Persons with Print Disabilities concluded at Marrakesh, Morocco, on June 28, 2013.

Cross-references

Connections may be documented source relationships, shared citations or nearby passages. Each explains its basis; a connection alone does not establish applicability to your situation.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

2 U.S.C. § 135a — National library service for the blind and print disabled

**(a) Accessible materials and reproducers** (1) **In general** — The Librarian of Congress is authorized to provide to eligible persons who are residents of the United States (including residents of the several States, insular possessions, and the District of Columbia) and to eligible persons who are United States citizens residing outside the United States the following items: (A) Literary works published in raised characters, on sound-reproduction recordings, or in any other accessible format. (B) Musical scores, instructional texts, and other specialized materials used in furthering educational, vocational, and cultural opportunities in the field of music published in any accessible format. (C) Reproducers for such formats. (2) **Ownership** — Any item provided under paragraph (1) shall be provided on a loan basis and shall remain the property of the Library of Congress. **(b) Lending preference** In the lending of items under subsection (a), the Librarian shall at all times give preference to— (1) the needs of the blind and visually disabled; and (2) the needs of eligible persons who have been honorably discharged from the Armed Forces of the United States. **(c) Network** The Librarian of Congress may contract or otherwise arrange with such public or other nonprofit libraries, agencies, or organizations as the Librarian may determine appropriate to serve as local or regional centers for the circulation of items described in subsection (a)(1). **(d) International service** The Librarian of Congress is authorized to provide items described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(1) to authorized entities located in a country that is a party to the Marrakesh Treaty, if any such items are delivered to authorized entities through online, not phys

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 135a

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Incoming connection: Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

17 U.S.C. § 121A — Limitations on exclusive rights: reproduc-

Page 128 TITLE 17—COPYRIGHTS § 121A adaptive reading or information access needs of blind or other persons with disabilities; (3) ‘‘eligible person’’ means an individual who, regardless of any other disability— (A) is blind; (B) has a visual impairment or perceptual or reading disability that cannot be im- proved to give visual function substantially equivalent to that of a person who has no such impairment or disability and so is un- able to read printed works to substantially the same degree as a person without an im- pairment or disability; or (C) is otherwise unable, through physical disability, to hold or manipulate a book or to focus or move the eyes to the extent that would be normally acceptable for reading; and (4) ‘‘print instructional materials’’ has the meaning given under section 674(e)(3)(C) of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. (Added Pub. L. 104–197, title III, § 316(a), Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2416; amended Pub. L. 106–379, § 3(b), Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1445; Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title III, § 13210(3)(A), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1909; Pub. L. 108–446, title III, § 306, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2807; Pub. L. 115–261, § 2(a)(1), Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3667.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Sections 612, 613, and 674 of the Individuals with Dis- abilities Education Act, referred to in subsecs. (c) and (d)(4), are classified to sections 1412, 1413, and 1474, re- spectively, of Title 20, Education. AMENDMENTS 2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–261, § 2(a)(1)(A), inserted ‘‘in the United States’’ after ‘‘distribute’’ and ‘‘or of a previously published musical work that has been fixed in the form of text or notation’’ after ‘‘literary work’’, struck out ‘‘, nondramatic’’ after ‘‘previously pub- lished’’, and

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 17 U.S.C. § 121A

Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.