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42 U.S.C. § 2000c — Definitions

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2000c — Definitions

As used in this subchapter— **(a)** “Secretary” means the Secretary of Education. **(b)** “Desegregation” means the assignment of students to public schools and within such schools without regard to their race, color, religion, sex or national origin, but “desegregation” shall not mean the assignment of students to public schools in order to overcome racial imbalance. **(c)** “Public school” means any elementary or secondary educational institution, and “public college” means any institution of higher education or any technical or vocational school above the secondary school level, provided that such public school or public college is operated by a State, subdivision of a State, or governmental agency within a State, or operated wholly or predominantly from or through the use of governmental funds or property, or funds or property derived from a governmental source. **(d)** “School board” means any agency or agencies which administer a system of one or more public schools and any other agency which is responsible for the assignment of students to or within such system.

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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 21, § 2000c; chapter-021-civil-rights.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

20 U.S.C. § 1656 — Prohibition against official or court orders to achieve racial balance or insure compliance with constitutional standards applicable to entire United States

The proviso of section 407(a) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [[42 U.S.C. 2000c–6(a)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000c–6/a&num=0&edition=prelim)] providing in substance that no court or official of the United States shall be empowered to issue any order seeking to achieve a racial balance in any school by requiring the transportation of pupils or students from one school to another or one school district to another in order to achieve such racial balance, or otherwise enlarge the existing power of the court to insure compliance with constitutional standards shall apply to all public school pupils and to every public school system, public school and public school board, as defined by title IV [[42 U.S.C. 2000c](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000c&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], under all circumstances and conditions and at all times in every State, district, territory, Commonwealth, or possession of the United States regardless of whether the residence of such public school pupils or the principal offices of such public school system, public school or public school board is situated in the northern, eastern, western, or southern part of the United States.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

20 U.S.C. § 1754 — Provisions respecting transportation of pupils to achieve racial balance and judicial power to insure compliance with constitutional standards applicable to the entire United States

The proviso of section 407(a) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [[42 U.S.C. 2000c–6(a)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000c–6/a&num=0&edition=prelim)] providing in substance that no court or official of the United States shall be empowered to issue any order seeking to achieve a racial balance in any school by requiring the transportation of pupils or students from one school to another or one school district to another in order to achieve such racial balance, or otherwise enlarge the existing power of the court to insure compliance with constitutional standards shall apply to all public school pupils and to every public school system, public school and public school board, as defined by title IV [[42 U.S.C. 2000c](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000c&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], under all circumstances and conditions and at all times in every State, district, territory, Commonwealth, or possession of the United States, regardless of whether the residence of such public school pupils or the principal offices of such public school system, public school or public school board is situated in the northern, eastern, western, or southern part of the United States.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

20 U.S.C. § 3489 — General extension of authorizations

Subject to the limitations contained in subtitle A of this title, there are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal years 1982, 1983, and 1984 such sums as may be necessary to carry out each of the following provisions of law: (1) the Act of September 30, 1950 11 See References in Text note below. (Public Law 874, 81st Congress); (2) the Act of September 23, 1950 1 (Public Law 815, 81st Congress); (3) the General Education Provisions Act [[20 U.S.C. 1221](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1221&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]; (4) the Indian Education Act; (5) titles XI [[25 U.S.C. 2000](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section2000&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], XIV [[20 U.S.C. 921](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section921&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], and XV of the Education Amendments of 1978 and part H of title XIII of the Education Amendments of 1980; (6) the Adult Education Act; 1 (7) section 342 of the Education Amendments of 1976 [[20 U.S.C. 2532](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section2532&num=0&edition=prelim)]; (8) the Asbestos School Hazards Detection and Control Act [[20 U.S.C. 3601](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section3601&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]; (9) the Joint Resolution of October 19, 1972 (86 Stat. 907); (10) the Vocational Education Act of 1963; 1 (11) title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [[42 U.S.C. 2000c](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000c&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]; (12) the Navajo Community College Act and the Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities Assistance Act of 1978 [[25 U

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2000b — Civil actions by the Attorney General

**(a) Complaint; certification; institution of civil action; relief requested; jurisdiction; impleading additional parties as defendants** Whenever the Attorney General receives a complaint in writing signed by an individual to the effect that he is being deprived of or threatened with the loss of his right to the equal protection of the laws, on account of his race, color, religion, or national origin, by being denied equal utilization of any public facility which is owned, operated, or managed by or on behalf of any State or subdivision thereof, other than a public school or public college as defined in [section 2000c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000c&num=0&edition=prelim), and the Attorney General believes the complaint is meritorious and certifies that the signer or signers of such complaint are unable, in his judgment, to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings for relief and that the institution of an action will materially further the orderly progress of desegregation in public facilities, the Attorney General is authorized to institute for or in the name of the United States a civil action in any appropriate district court of the United States against such parties and for such relief as may be appropriate, and such court shall have and shall exercise jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this section. The Attorney General may implead as defendants such additional parties as are or become necessary to the grant of effective relief hereunder. **(b) Persons unable to initiate and maintain legal proceedings** The Attorney General may deem a person or persons unable to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings within the meaning of subsection (a) of this section when su

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2000c — Definitions

Page 5252 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 2000b–3 § 2000b–3. ‘‘Complaint’’ defined A complaint as used in this subchapter is a writing or document within the meaning of sec- tion 1001, title 18. (Pub. L. 88–352, title III, § 304, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 246.) SUBCHAPTER IV—PUBLIC EDUCATION § 2000c. Definitions As used in this subchapter— (a) ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Edu- cation. (b) ‘‘Desegregation’’ means the assignment of students to public schools and within such schools without regard to their race, color, re- ligion, sex or national origin, but ‘‘desegrega- tion’’ shall not mean the assignment of stu- dents to public schools in order to overcome racial imbalance. (c) ‘‘Public school’’ means any elementary or secondary educational institution, and ‘‘public college’’ means any institution of higher education or any technical or voca- tional school above the secondary school level, provided that such public school or public col- lege is operated by a State, subdivision of a State, or governmental agency within a State, or operated wholly or predominantly from or through the use of governmental funds or property, or funds or property derived from a governmental source. (d) ‘‘School board’’ means any agency or agencies which administer a system of one or more public schools and any other agency which is responsible for the assignment of stu- dents to or within such system. (Pub. L. 88–352, title IV, § 401, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 246; Pub. L. 92–318, title IX, § 906(a), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 375; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, § 301(a)(1), title V, § 507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1972—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–318 inserted ‘‘sex’’ after ‘‘religion,’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiar

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