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15 U.S.C. § 271 — Findings and purposes
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Congress finds and declares the following:
(1) The future well-being of the United States economy depends on a strong manufacturing base and requires continual improvements in manufacturing technology, quality control, and techniques for ensuring product reliability and cost-effectiveness.
(2) Precise measurements, calibrations, and standards help United States industry and manufacturing concerns compete strongly in world markets.
(3) Improvements in manufacturing and product technology depend on fundamental scientific and engineering research to develop (A) the precise and accurate measurement methods and measurement standards needed to improve quality and reliability, and (B) new technological processes by which such improved methods may be used in practice to improve manufacturing and to assist industry to transfer important laboratory discoveries into commercial products.
(4) Scientific progress, public safety, and product compatibility and standardization also depend on the development of precise measurement methods, standards, and related basic technologies.
(5) The National Bureau of Standards since its establishment has served as the Federal focal point in developing basic measurement standards and related technologies, has taken a lead role in stimulating cooperative work among private industrial organizations in efforts to surmount technological hurdles, and otherwise has been responsible for assisting in the improvement of industrial technology.
(6) The Federal Government should maintain a national science, engineering, and technology laboratory which provides measurement methods, standards, and associated technologies and which aids United States companies in using new technologies to improve products and manufacturing processes.
(7) Such
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Source location: Title 15, Chapter 7, § 271; chapter-007-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology.md
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**(a)** The Congress finds and declares the following:
(1) The future well-being of the United States economy depends on a strong manufacturing base and requires continual improvements in manufacturing technology, quality control, and techniques for ensuring product reliability and cost-effectiveness.
(2) Precise measurements, calibrations, and standards help United States industry and manufacturing concerns compete strongly in world markets.
(3) Improvements in manufacturing and product technology depend on fundamental scientific and engineering research to develop (A) the precise and accurate measurement methods and measurement standards needed to improve quality and reliability, and (B) new technological processes by which such improved methods may be used in practice to improve manufacturing and to assist industry to transfer important laboratory discoveries into commercial products.
(4) Scientific progress, public safety, and product compatibility and standardization also depend on the development of precise measurement methods, standards, and related basic technologies.
(5) The National Bureau of Standards since its establishment has served as the Federal focal point in developing basic measurement standards and related technologies, has taken a lead role in stimulating cooperative work among private industrial organizations in efforts to surmount technological hurdles, and otherwise has been responsible for assisting in the improvement of industrial technology.
(6) The Federal Government should maintain a national science, engineering, and technology laboratory which provides measurement methods, standards, and associated technologies and which aids United States companies in using new technologies to improve products and manufacturing processes.
(7) Such national laboratory also should serve industry, trade associations, State technology programs, labor organizations, professional societies, and educational institutions by disseminating information on new basic technologies including automated manufacturing processes.
**(b)** It is the purpose of this chapter—
(1) to rename the National Bureau of Standards as the National Institute of Standards and Technology and to modernize and restructure that agency to augment its unique ability to enhance the competitiveness of American industry while maintaining its traditional function as lead national laboratory for providing the measurements, calibrations, and quality assurance techniques which underpin United States commerce, technological progress, improved product reliability and manufacturing processes, and public safety;
(2) to assist private sector initiatives to capitalize on advanced technology;
(3) to advance, through cooperative efforts among industries, universities, and government laboratories, promising research and development projects, which can be optimized by the private sector for commercial and industrial applications; and
(4) to promote shared risks, accelerated development, and pooling of skills which will be necessary to strengthen America’s manufacturing industries.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Appropriate committees of congress** — The term “appropriate committees of Congress” means—
(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives.
(2) **Area career and technical education school** — The term “area career and technical education school” has the meaning given the term in [section 2302 of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section2302&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Center** — The term “Center” means a manufacturing extension center that—
(A) is created under subsection (b); and
(B) is affiliated with an eligible entity that applies for and is awarded financial support under subsection (e).
(4) **Community college** — The term “community college” means an institution of higher education (as defined under [section 1001(a) of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1001/a&num=0&edition=prelim)) at which the highest degree that is predominately awarded to students is an associate’s degree.
(5) **Eligible entity** — The term “eligible entity” means a United States-based nonprofit institution, an institution of higher education, or a State, United States territory, local, or tribal government or a consortium thereof.
(6) **Historically Black college and university** — The term “historically Black college and university” has the meaning given the term “part B institution” in [section 1061 of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1061&num=0&edition=prelim).
(7) **11 So in original. Two pars. (7) have been enacted. Institution of higher education** — The term “ins
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 278k
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Director** — The term “Director” means the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
(2) **Federal laboratory** — The term “Federal laboratory” has the meaning given such term in [section 3703 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section3703&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Institute** — The term “Institute” means the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
(4) **Institution of higher education** — The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given such term in [section 1001 of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1001&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Nonprofit organization** — The term “nonprofit organization” means an organization described in [section 501(c)(3) of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section501/c/3&num=0&edition=prelim) and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such title.
(6) **Xylazine** — The term “xylazine” means the nonopioid tranquilizer methyl benzene compound frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.
**(b) In general** The Director shall—
(1) support intramural basic measurement science and research of the Institute to advance—
(A) analytical methods to identify, understand, differentiate, and categorize substances containing xylazine, novel synthetic opioids, or other new psychoactive substances;
(B) measurement technologies to shorten analysis timelines and enhance narcotic and opioid detection and analysis capabilities;
(C) new data tools, techniques, and processes to identify and publicly disclose relevant information concerning substance
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 278u
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) The term “defense laboratory” means a laboratory operated by the Department of Defense or owned by the Department of Defense and operated by a contractor or a facility of a Defense Agency at which research and development activities are conducted.
(2) The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given such term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965.
(3) The term “regional center for the transfer of manufacturing technology” means a manufacturing extension center for the transfer of manufacturing technology and best business practices referred to in section 25(b) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act ([15 U.S.C. 278k](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section278k&num=0&edition=prelim)).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 2199
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Level IV of the Executive Schedule applies to the following positions, for which the annual rate of basic pay shall be the rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by [section 5318 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5318&num=0&edition=prelim):
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 5315
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Interagency Committee** The Director shall establish or designate a Committee on Technology under the National Science and Technology Council. The Committee shall be responsible for planning and coordinating Federal programs and activities in advanced manufacturing research and development. In furtherance of the Committee’s work, the Committee shall consult with the National Economic Council.
**(b) Responsibilities of Committee** The Committee shall—
(1) coordinate the advanced manufacturing research and development programs and activities of the Federal agencies;
(2) establish goals and priorities for advanced manufacturing research and development that will strengthen United States manufacturing;
(3) work with industry organizations, Federal agencies, and Federally Funded Research and Development Centers not represented on the Committee, to identify and reduce regulatory, logistical, and fiscal barriers within the Federal government and State governments that inhibit United States manufacturing;
(4) facilitate the transfer of intellectual property and technology based on federally supported university research into commercialization and manufacturing;
(5) identify technological, market, or business challenges that may best be addressed by public-private partnerships, and are likely to attract both participation and primary funding from industry;
(6) encourage the formation of public-private partnerships to respond to those challenges for transition to United States manufacturing; and
(7) develop and update a national strategic plan for advanced manufacturing in accordance with subsection (c).
**(c) National strategic plan for advanced manufacturing**
(1) **In general** — The President shall submit to Congress, and publish on an Internet website that is
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 6622
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Eligible recipient** — The term “eligible recipient” means—
(A) a State;
(B) an Indian tribe;
(C) a city or other political subdivision of a State;
(D) an entity that—
(i) is a nonprofit organization, an institution of higher education, a public-private partnership, a science or research park, a Federal laboratory, a venture development organization, or an economic development organization or similar entity that is focused primarily on improving science, technology, innovation, or entrepreneurship; and
(ii) has an application submitted under subsection (c)(4) that is supported by a State or a political subdivision of a State; or
(E) a consortium of any of the entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (D).
(2) **Regional innovation initiative** — The term “regional innovation initiative” means a geographically-bounded public or nonprofit activity or program to address issues in the local innovation systems in order to—
(A) increase the success of innovation-driven industry;
(B) strengthen the competitiveness of industry through new product innovation and new technology adoption;
(C) improve the pace of market readiness and overall commercialization of innovative research;
(D) enhance the overall innovation capacity and long-term resilience of the region;
(E) leverage the region’s unique competitive strengths to stimulate innovation; and
(F) increase the number of full-time equivalent employment opportunities within innovation-based business ventures in the geographic region.
(3) **State** — The term “State” means one of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 3722
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Agency head** — The term “agency head” means the head of any Executive agency (as defined in [section 105 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section105&num=0&edition=prelim)), other than the Department of Defense.
(2) **Regional innovation initiative** — The term “regional innovation initiative” has the meaning given such term in [section 3722(f)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section3722/f/1&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Establishment of Manufacturing USA Program**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall establish within the Institute a program to be known as the “Manufacturing United States of America Program” or the “Manufacturing USA Program” (referred to in this section as the “Program”).
(2) **Purposes of Program** — The purposes of the Program are—
(A) to improve the competitiveness of United States manufacturing and to increase the production of goods manufactured predominantly within the United States;
(B) to stimulate United States leadership in advanced manufacturing research, innovation, and technology;
(C) to facilitate the transition of innovative technologies into scalable, cost-effective, and high-performing manufacturing capabilities;
(D) to facilitate access by manufacturing enterprises to capital-intensive infrastructure, including high-performance electronics and computing, and the supply chains that enable these technologies;
(E) to accelerate the development of an advanced manufacturing workforce;
(F) to facilitate peer exchange of and the documentation of best practices in addressing advanced manufacturing challenges;
(G) to leverage non-Federal sources of support to promote a sta
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 278s
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, act Mar. 3, 1901, ch. 872, § 28, as added Pub. L. 110–69, title III, § 3012(b), Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 593; amended Pub. L. 113–188, title II, § 201(d), (e), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2018, related to the Technology Innovation Program.
A prior section 278n, act Mar. 3, 1901, ch. 872, § 28, as added Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5131(a), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1439; amended Pub. L. 102–245, title II, § 201(c), Feb. 14, 1992, 106 Stat. 16, related to the Advanced Technology Program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 110–69, title III, § 3012(a), Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 593.
#### Technology Innovation Program
Pub. L. 111–240, title IV, § 4226(b), Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2598, which allowed the Director of NIST to consider the potential for enhancing the competitiveness of small- and medium-sized U.S. businesses in the global marketplace when awarding grants, cooperative agreements, or contracts under this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–329, title II, § 205(a)(2)(A), Jan. 6, 2017, 130 Stat. 3000.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 278n
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment of National Institute of Standards and Technology** There is established within the Department of Commerce a science, engineering, technology, and measurement laboratory to be known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the “Institute”).
**(b) Functions of Secretary and Institute** The Secretary of Commerce (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the “Secretary”) acting through the Director of the Institute (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the “Director”) is authorized to serve as the President’s principal adviser on standards policy pertaining to the Nation’s technological competitiveness and innovation ability and to take all actions necessary and appropriate to accomplish the purposes of this chapter, including the following functions of the Institute—
(1) to assist industry in the development of technology and procedures needed to improve quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability, manufacturability, functionality, and cost-effectiveness, and to facilitate the more rapid commercialization, especially by small- and medium-sized companies throughout the United States, of products based on new scientific discoveries in fields such as automation, electronics, advanced materials, biotechnology, and optical technologies;
(2) to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of measurement, and provide the means and methods for making measurements consistent with those standards;
(3) to facilitate standards-related information sharing and cooperation between Federal agencies and to coordinate the use by Federal agencies of private sector standards, emphasizing where possible the use of standards developed by private, consensus orga
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 272
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this Act:
(1) **Agency** — The term “agency” has the meaning given that term in [section 3502 of title 44](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title44-section3502&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Director of OMB** — The term “Director of OMB” means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
(3) **Director of the Institute** — The term “Director of the Institute” means the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
(4) **Information system** — The term “information system” has the meaning given that term in [section 3502 of title 44](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title44-section3502&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **National security system** — The term “national security system” has the meaning given that term in [section 3552(b)(6) of title 44](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title44-section3552/b/6&num=0&edition=prelim).
(6) **Operational technology** — The term “operational technology” means hardware and software that detects or causes a change through the direct monitoring or control of physical devices, processes, and events in the enterprise.
(7) **Secretary** — The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Homeland Security.
(8) **Security vulnerability** — The term “security vulnerability” has the meaning given that term in [section 650 of title 6](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title6-section650&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 278g–3a
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