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47 U.S.C. § 606 — War powers of President
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Priority communications** During the continuance of a war in which the United States is engaged, the President is authorized, if he finds it necessary for the national defense and security, to direct that such communications as in his judgment may be essential to the national defense and security shall have preference or priority with any carrier subject to this chapter. He may give these directions at and for such times as he may determine, and may modify, change, suspend, or annul them and for any such purpose he is authorized to issue orders directly, or through such person or persons as he designates for the purpose, or through the Commission. Any carrier complying with any such order or direction for preference or priority herein authorized shall be exempt from any and all provisions in existing law imposing civil or criminal penalties, obligations, or liabilities upon carriers by reason of giving preference or priority in compliance with such order or direction.
**(b) Obstruction of interstate or foreign communications** It shall be unlawful for any person during any war in which the United States is engaged to knowingly or willfully, by physical force or intimidation by threats of physical force, obstruct or retard or aid in obstructing or retarding interstate or foreign communication by radio or wire. The President is authorized, whenever in his judgment the public interest requires, to employ the armed forces of the United States to prevent any such obstruction or retardation of communication: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be construed to repeal, modify, or affect either [section 17 of title 15](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section17&num=0&edition=prelim) or [section 52 of title 29](https://uscode.ho
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-47/section-606-war-powers-of-president--29a92f1787.md
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Source location: Title 47, Chapter 5, § 606; chapter-005-wire-or-radio-communication.md
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**(a) Priority communications** During the continuance of a war in which the United States is engaged, the President is authorized, if he finds it necessary for the national defense and security, to direct that such communications as in his judgment may be essential to the national defense and security shall have preference or priority with any carrier subject to this chapter. He may give these directions at and for such times as he may determine, and may modify, change, suspend, or annul them and for any such purpose he is authorized to issue orders directly, or through such person or persons as he designates for the purpose, or through the Commission. Any carrier complying with any such order or direction for preference or priority herein authorized shall be exempt from any and all provisions in existing law imposing civil or criminal penalties, obligations, or liabilities upon carriers by reason of giving preference or priority in compliance with such order or direction.
**(b) Obstruction of interstate or foreign communications** It shall be unlawful for any person during any war in which the United States is engaged to knowingly or willfully, by physical force or intimidation by threats of physical force, obstruct or retard or aid in obstructing or retarding interstate or foreign communication by radio or wire. The President is authorized, whenever in his judgment the public interest requires, to employ the armed forces of the United States to prevent any such obstruction or retardation of communication: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be construed to repeal, modify, or affect either [section 17 of title 15](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section17&num=0&edition=prelim) or [section 52 of title 29](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section52&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Suspension or amendment of rules and regulations applicable to certain emission stations or devices** Upon proclamation by the President that there exists war or a threat of war, or a state of public peril or disaster or other national emergency, or in order to preserve the neutrality of the United States, the President, if he deems it necessary in the interest of national security or defense, may suspend or amend, for such time as he may see fit, the rules and regulations applicable to any or all stations or devices capable of emitting electromagnetic radiations within the jurisdiction of the United States as prescribed by the Commission, and may cause the closing of any station for radio communication, or any device capable of emitting electromagnetic radiations between 10 kilocycles and 100,000 megacycles, which is suitable for use as a navigational aid beyond five miles, and the removal therefrom of its apparatus and equipment, or he may authorize the use or control of any such station or device and/or its apparatus and equipment, by any department of the Government under such regulations as he may prescribe upon just compensation to the owners. The authority granted to the President, under this subsection, to cause the closing of any station or device and the removal therefrom of its apparatus and equipment, or to authorize the use or control of any station or device and/or its apparatus and equipment, may be exercised in the Canal Zone.
**(d) Suspension or amendment of rules and regulations applicable to wire communications; closing of facilities; Government use of facilities** Upon proclamation by the President that there exists a state or threat of war involving the United States, the President, if he deems it necessary in the interest of the national security and defense, may, during a period ending not later than six months after the termination of such state or threat of war and not later than such earlier date as the Congress by concurrent resolution may designate, (1) suspend or amend the rules and regulations applicable to any or all facilities or stations for wire communication within the jurisdiction of the United States as prescribed by the Commission, (2) cause the closing of any facility or station for wire communication and the removal therefrom of its apparatus and equipment, or (3) authorize the use or control of any such facility or station and its apparatus and equipment by any department of the Government under such regulations as he may prescribe, upon just compensation to the owners.
**(e) Compensation** The President shall ascertain the just compensation for such use or control and certify the amount ascertained to Congress for appropriation and payment to the person entitled thereto. If the amount so certified is unsatisfactory to the person entitled thereto, such person shall be paid only 75 per centum of the amount and shall be entitled to sue the United States to recover such further sum as added to such payment of 75 per centum will make such amount as will be just compensation for the use and control. Such suit shall be brought in the manner provided by section 1346 or [section 1491 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1491&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(f) Affect on State laws and powers** Nothing in subsection (c) or (d) shall be construed to amend, repeal, impair, or affect existing laws or powers of the States in relation to taxation or the lawful police regulations of the several States, except wherein such laws, powers, or regulations may affect the transmission of Government communications, or the issue of stocks and bonds by any communication system or systems.
**(g) Limitations upon Presidential power** Nothing in subsection (c) or (d) shall be construed to authorize the President to make any amendment to the rules and regulations of the Commission which the Commission would not be authorized by law to make; and nothing in subsection (d) shall be construed to authorize the President to take any action the force and effect of which shall continue beyond the date after which taking of such action would not have been authorized.
**(h) Penalties** Any person who willfully does or causes or suffers to be done any act prohibited pursuant to the exercise of the President’s authority under this section, or who willfully fails to do any act which he is required to do pursuant to the exercise of the President’s authority under this section, or who willfully causes or suffers such failure, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished for such offense by a fine of not more than $1,000 or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or both, and, if a firm, partnership, association, or corporation, by fine of not more than $5,000, except that any person who commits such an offense with intent to injure the United States, or with intent to secure an advantage to any foreign nation, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $20,000 or by imprisonment for not more than 20 years, or both.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The district courts shall have original jurisdiction, concurrent with the United States Court of Federal Claims, of:
(1) Any civil action against the United States for the recovery of any internal-revenue tax alleged to have been erroneously or illegally assessed or collected, or any penalty claimed to have been collected without authority or any sum alleged to have been excessive or in any manner wrongfully collected under the internal-revenue laws;
(2) Any other civil action or claim against the United States, not exceeding $10,000 in amount, founded either upon the Constitution, or any Act of Congress, or any regulation of an executive department, or upon any express or implied contract with the United States, or for liquidated or unliquidated damages in cases not sounding in tort, except that the district courts shall not have jurisdiction of any civil action or claim against the United States founded upon any express or implied contract with the United States or for liquidated or unliquidated damages in cases not sounding in tort which are subject to sections 7104(b)(1) and 7107(a)(1) of title 41. For the purpose of this paragraph, an express or implied contract with the Army and Air Force Exchange Service, Navy Exchanges, Marine Corps Exchanges, Coast Guard Exchanges, or Exchange Councils of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall be considered an express or implied contract with the United States.
**(b)**
(1) Subject to the provisions of chapter 171 of this title, the district courts, together with the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone and the District Court of the Virgin Islands, shall have exclusive jurisdiction of civil actions on claims against the United States, for money damages, accruing on and afte
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.
**(b) Transfer authority** Funds made available for the purposes of this subchapter may be allocated or transferred for any of the purposes of this subchapter, with the approval of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, to any agency or government corporation designated to assist in carrying out this subchapter. Each such allocation or transfer shall be reported in full detail to the Congress within 30 days after such allocation or transfer.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) The United States Court of Federal Claims shall have jurisdiction to render judgment upon any claim against the United States founded either upon the Constitution, or any Act of Congress or any regulation of an executive department, or upon any express or implied contract with the United States, or for liquidated or unliquidated damages in cases not sounding in tort. For the purpose of this paragraph, an express or implied contract with the Army and Air Force Exchange Service, Navy Exchanges, Marine Corps Exchanges, Coast Guard Exchanges, or Exchange Councils of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall be considered an express or implied contract with the United States.
(2) To provide an entire remedy and to complete the relief afforded by the judgment, the court may, as an incident of and collateral to any such judgment, issue orders directing restoration to office or position, placement in appropriate duty or retirement status, and correction of applicable records, and such orders may be issued to any appropriate official of the United States. In any case within its jurisdiction, the court shall have the power to remand appropriate matters to any administrative or executive body or official with such direction as it may deem proper and just. The Court of Federal Claims shall have jurisdiction to render judgment upon any claim by or against, or dispute with, a contractor arising under [section 7104(b)(1) of title 41](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title41-section7104/b/1&num=0&edition=prelim), including a dispute concerning termination of a contract, rights in tangible or intangible property, compliance with cost accounting standards, and other nonmonetary disputes on which a decision of the contracting officer
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
This chapter may be cited as the “Communications Act of 1934.”
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
No restraining order or injunction shall be granted by any court of the United States, or a judge or the judges thereof, in any case between an employer and employees, or between employers and employees, or between employees, or between persons employed and persons seeking employment, involving, or growing out of, a dispute concerning terms or conditions of employment, unless necessary to prevent irreparable injury to property, or to a property right, of the party making the application, for which injury there is no adequate remedy at law, and such property or property right must be described with particularity in the application, which must be in writing and sworn to by the applicant or by his agent or attorney.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Frequencies; compliance with regulations; stations on vessels** Radio stations belonging to and operated by the United States shall not be subject to the provisions of sections 301 and 303 of this title. All such Government stations shall use such frequencies as shall be assigned to each or to each class by the President. All such stations, except stations on board naval and other Government vessels while at sea or beyond the limits of the continental United States, when transmitting any radio communication or signal other than a communication or signal relating to Government business, shall conform to such rules and regulations designed to prevent interference with other radio stations and the rights of others as the Commission may prescribe.
**(b) Call letters** All stations owned and operated by the United States, except mobile stations of the Army of the United States, and all other stations on land and sea, shall have special call letters designated by the Commission.
**(c) Stations operated by foreign governments** The provisions of sections 301 and 303 of this title notwithstanding, the President may, provided he determines it to be consistent with and in the interest of national security, authorize a foreign government, under such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to construct and operate at the seat of government of the United States a low-power radio station in the fixed service at or near the site of the embassy or legation of such foreign government for transmission of its messages to points outside the United States, but only (1) where he determines that the authorization would be consistent with the national interest of the United States and (2) where such foreign government has provided reciprocal privileges to the United States to constru
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce. Nothing contained in the antitrust laws shall be construed to forbid the existence and operation of labor, agricultural, or horticultural organizations, instituted for the purposes of mutual help, and not having capital stock or conducted for profit, or to forbid or restrain individual members of such organizations from lawfully carrying out the legitimate objects thereof; nor shall such organizations, or the members thereof, be held or construed to be illegal combinations or conspiracies in restraint of trade, under the antitrust laws.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Considerations in granting application** Subject to the provisions of this section, the Commission shall determine, in the case of each application filed with it to which [section 308 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section308&num=0&edition=prelim) applies, whether the public interest, convenience, and necessity will be served by the granting of such application, and, if the Commission, upon examination of such application and upon consideration of such other matters as the Commission may officially notice, shall find that public interest, convenience, and necessity would be served by the granting thereof, it shall grant such application.
**(b) Time of granting application** Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, no such application—
(1) for an instrument of authorization in the case of a station in the broadcasting or common carrier services, or
(2) for an instrument of authorization in the case of a station in any of the following categories:
(A) industrial radio positioning stations for which frequencies are assigned on an exclusive basis,
(B) aeronautical en route stations,
(C) aeronautical advisory stations,
(D) airdrome control stations,
(E) aeronautical fixed stations, and
(F) such other stations or classes of stations, not in the broadcasting or common carrier services, as the Commission shall by rule prescribe,
shall be granted by the Commission earlier than thirty days following issuance of public notice by the Commission of the acceptance for filing of such application or of any substantial amendment thereof.
**(c) Applications not affected by subsection (b)** Subsection (b) of this section shall not apply—
(1) to any minor amendment of an application to which such
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 309
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authority of President** Subsequent to the withdrawal of assignment to Federal Government stations pursuant to [section 924 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section924&num=0&edition=prelim), the President may reclaim reassigned frequencies for reassignment to Federal Government stations in accordance with this section.
**(b) Procedure for reclaiming frequencies**
(1) **Unallocated frequencies** — If the frequencies to be reclaimed have not been allocated or assigned by the Commission pursuant to the 1934 Act [[47 U.S.C. 151](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section151&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], the President shall follow the procedures for substitution of frequencies established by [section 924(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section924/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Allocated frequencies** — If the frequencies to be reclaimed have been allocated or assigned by the Commission, the President shall follow the procedures for substitution of frequencies established by [section 924(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section924/b&num=0&edition=prelim), except that the statement required by [section 924(b)(1)(B) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section924/b/1/B&num=0&edition=prelim) shall include—
(A) a timetable to accommodate an orderly transition for licensees to obtain new frequencies and equipment necessary for its utilization; and
(B) an estimate of the cost of displacing spectrum users licensed by the Commission.
**(c) Costs of reclaiming frequencies** The Federal Government shall bear all costs of reclaiming
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 317
TITLE 47—TELECOMMUNICATIONS
§ 606
98–549, §§ 5(a), 6(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2802,
2804; Pub. L. 100–626, § 11, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat.
3211; Pub. L. 100–667, title II, §§ 204, 205, Nov. 16,
1988, 102 Stat. 3958, 3959; Pub. L. 103–414, title III,
§§ 303(a)(25)–(28), 304(a)(15), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat.
4295–4297; Pub. L. 104–104, title II, § 205(a), Feb. 8,
1996, 110 Stat. 114.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1996—Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 104–104 inserted ‘‘or di-
rect-to-home satellite services,’’ after ‘‘programming,’’.
1994—Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 103–414, § 303(a)(25), sub-
stituted ‘‘subsection (e)’’ for ‘‘subsection (d)’’.
Subsec. (e)(3)(A). Pub. L. 103–414, § 303(a)(26), sub-
stituted ‘‘paragraph (4) of this subsection’’ for ‘‘para-
graph (4) of subsection (d)’’.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–414, § 303(a)(27), redesignated
subsec. (f), relating to universal encryption standard,
as (g).
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–414, § 304(a)(15), which directed
substitution of ‘‘The Commission’’ for ‘‘within 6
months after November 16, 1988, the Federal Commu-
nications Commission’’, was executed by making the
substitution in text which read ‘‘Within 6 months’’
rather than ‘‘within 6 months’’ in introductory provi-
sions to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Pub. L. 103–414, § 303(a)(27), redesignated subsec. (f),
relating to universal encryption standard, as (g).
Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103–414, § 303(a)(27), (28), redesig-
nated subsec. (g) as (h) and substituted ‘‘subsection (g)’’
for ‘‘subsection (f)’’.
1988—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 100–626 added subsec.
(c) and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d). Former
subsec. (d) redesignated (e).
Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 100–667, § 205(1), which directed
the addit
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 47 U.S.C. § 606
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