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42 U.S.C. § 16298e — Carbon utilization program
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary shall establish a program of research, development, and demonstration for carbon utilization—
(1) to assess and monitor—
(A) potential changes in lifecycle carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions; and
(B) other environmental safety indicators of new technologies, practices, processes, or methods used in enhanced hydrocarbon recovery as part of the activities authorized under [section 16293 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16293&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) to identify and assess novel uses for carbon, including the conversion of carbon and carbon oxides for commercial and industrial products and other products with potential market value;
(3) to develop or obtain, in coordination with other applicable Federal agencies and standard-setting organizations, standards and certifications, as appropriate, to facilitate the commercialization of the products and technologies described in paragraph (2);
(4) to identify and assess carbon capture technologies for industrial systems; and
(5) to identify and assess alternative uses for raw coal and processed coal products in all phases that result in no significant emissions of carbon dioxide or other pollutants, including products derived from carbon engineering, carbon fiber, and coal conversion methods.
**(b) Demonstration programs for the purpose of commercialization**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 180 days after December 27, 2020, as part of the program established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish a 2-year demonstration program in each of the 2 major coal-producing regions of the United States for the purpose of partnering with private institutions in coal mining regions to accelerate the comme
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_a14e7acf181bae14b0b9648e
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-16298e-carbon-utilization-program--ba4afb926f.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 149, § 16298e; chapter-149-national-energy-policy-and-programs.md
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**(a) In general** The Secretary shall establish a program of research, development, and demonstration for carbon utilization—
(1) to assess and monitor—
(A) potential changes in lifecycle carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions; and
(B) other environmental safety indicators of new technologies, practices, processes, or methods used in enhanced hydrocarbon recovery as part of the activities authorized under [section 16293 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16293&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) to identify and assess novel uses for carbon, including the conversion of carbon and carbon oxides for commercial and industrial products and other products with potential market value;
(3) to develop or obtain, in coordination with other applicable Federal agencies and standard-setting organizations, standards and certifications, as appropriate, to facilitate the commercialization of the products and technologies described in paragraph (2);
(4) to identify and assess carbon capture technologies for industrial systems; and
(5) to identify and assess alternative uses for raw coal and processed coal products in all phases that result in no significant emissions of carbon dioxide or other pollutants, including products derived from carbon engineering, carbon fiber, and coal conversion methods.
**(b) Demonstration programs for the purpose of commercialization**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 180 days after December 27, 2020, as part of the program established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish a 2-year demonstration program in each of the 2 major coal-producing regions of the United States for the purpose of partnering with private institutions in coal mining regions to accelerate the commercial deployment of coal-carbon products.
(2) **Grant program**
(A) *In general* — Not later than 1 year after November 15, 2021, the Secretary shall establish a program to provide grants to eligible entities to use in accordance with subparagraph (D).
(B) *Eligible entities* — To be eligible to receive a grant under this paragraph, an entity shall be—
(i) a State;
(ii) a unit of local government; or
(iii) a public utility or agency.
(C) *Applications* — Eligible entities desiring a grant under this paragraph shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.
(D) *Use of funds* — An eligible entity shall use a grant received under this paragraph to procure and use commercial or industrial products that—
(i) use or are derived from anthropogenic carbon oxides; and
(ii) demonstrate significant net reductions in lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions compared to incumbent technologies, processes, and products.
(3) **Cost sharing** — Activities under this subsection shall be subject to the cost-sharing requirements of [section 16352 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16352&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Carbon Utilization Research Center**
(1) **In general** — In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish and operate a national Carbon Utilization Research Center (referred to in this subsection as the “Center”), which shall focus on early stage research and development activities including—
(A) post-combustion and pre-combustion capture of carbon dioxide;
(B) advanced compression technologies for new and existing fossil fuel-fired power plants;
(C) technologies to convert carbon dioxide to valuable products and commodities; and
(D) advanced carbon dioxide storage technologies that consider a range of storage regimes.
(2) **Selection** — The Secretary shall—
(A) select the Center under this subsection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis; and
(B) consider applications from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multiinstitutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
(3) **Existing centers** — In selecting the Center under this subsection, the Secretary shall prioritize carbon utilization research centers in existence on December 27, 2020.
(4) **Duration** — The Center established under this subsection shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations.
(5) **Renewal** — On the expiration of any period of support of the Center, the Secretary may renew support for the Center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.
(6) **Termination** — Consistent with the existing authorities of the Department, the Secretary may terminate the Center for cause during the performance period.
**(d) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section—
(1) $41,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
(2) $65,250,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(3) $66,562,500 for fiscal year 2024;
(4) $67,940,625 for fiscal year 2025; and
(5) $69,387,656 for fiscal year 2026.
**(e) Coordination** The Secretary shall coordinate the activities authorized in this section with the activities authorized in [section 16298 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16298&num=0&edition=prelim) as part of one consolidated program at the Department. Nothing in [section 16298 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16298&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be construed as limiting the authorities provided in this section.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Short title** This section may be cited as the “International Nuclear Energy Act of 2025”.
**(b) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Advanced nuclear reactor** — The term “advanced nuclear reactor” has the meaning given the term in [section 16271(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16271/b&num=0&edition=prelim), except that, for purposes of this section, the reference to “reactors operating on December 27, 2020” in paragraph (1)(A) of that section shall be deemed to read “reactors operating in the United States on December 27, 2020”.
(2) **Ally or partner nation** — The term “ally or partner nation” means—
(A) the Government of any country that is a member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development;
(B) the Government of the Republic of India; and
(C) the Government of any country designated as an ally or partner nation by the Secretary of State for purposes of this section.
(3) **Appropriate committees of Congress** — The term “appropriate committees of Congress” means—
(A) the Committees on Foreign Relations, Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, and Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate; and
(B) the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Science, Space, and Technology, and Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.
(4) **Associated entity** — The term “associated entity” means an entity that—
(A) is owned, controlled, or operated by—
(i) an ally or partner nation; or
(ii) an associated individual; or
(B) is organized under the laws of, or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of, a country described in paragraph (2), including a corporation that is incorporated in a country described in that paragraph.
(5) **Associated individual** — T
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16293
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Additional services** — The term “additional services” means the provision of supplementary power, backup or standby power, maintenance power, or interruptible power to an electric consumer by an electric utility.
(2) **Waste heat to power system** — The term “waste heat to power system” means a system that generates electricity through the recovery of waste energy.
(3) **Other terms**
(A) *Purpa* — The terms “electric consumer”, “electric utility”, “interconnection service”, “nonregulated electric utility”, and “State regulatory authority” have the meanings given those terms in the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 ([16 U.S.C. 2601](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2601&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), within the meaning of title I of that Act ([16 U.S.C. 2611](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2611&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
(B) *EPCA* — The terms “combined heat and power system” and “waste energy” have the meanings given those terms in [section 6341 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section6341&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Review**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 180 days after November 15, 2021, the Secretary, in consultation with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and other appropriate entities, shall review existing rules and procedures relating to interconnection service and additional services throughout the United States for electric generation with nameplate capacity up to 150 megawatts connecting at either distribution or transmission voltage levels to identify barriers to the deployment of combined heat and power systems and waste heat to power s
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 18851
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment** The Secretary shall carry out a program for research and development on coal mining technologies.
**(b) Cooperation** In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall cooperate with appropriate Federal agencies, coal producers, trade associations, equipment manufacturers, institutions of higher education with mining engineering departments, and other relevant entities.
**(c) Program** The research and development activities carried out under this section shall—
(1) be guided by the mining research and development priorities identified by the Mining Industry of the Future Program and in the recommendations from relevant reports of the National Academy of Sciences on mining technologies;
(2) include activities exploring minimization of contaminants in mined coal that contribute to environmental concerns including development and demonstration of electromagnetic wave imaging ahead of mining operations;
(3) develop and demonstrate coal bed electromagnetic wave imaging, spectroscopic reservoir analysis technology, and techniques for horizontal drilling in order to—
(A) identify areas of high coal gas content;
(B) increase methane recovery efficiency;
(C) prevent spoilage of domestic coal reserves; and
(D) minimize water disposal associated with methane extraction; and
(4) expand mining research capabilities at institutions of higher education.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16298
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary is authorized to establish a Science and Technology Scholarship Program to award scholarships to individuals that is designed to recruit and prepare students for careers in the Department and National Laboratories.
**(b) Service requirement** The Secretary may require that an individual receiving a scholarship under this section serve as a full-time employee of the Department or a National Laboratory for a fixed period in return for receiving the scholarship.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16352
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 8861
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 16311
§ 16298e. Carbon dioxide removal task force and
report
(a) Definition of carbon dioxide removal
In this section, the term ‘‘carbon dioxide re-
moval’’ means the capture of carbon dioxide di-
rectly from ambient air or, in dissolved form,
from seawater, combined with the sequestration
of that carbon dioxide, including through—
(1) direct air capture and sequestration;
(2) enhanced carbon mineralization;
(3) bioenergy with carbon capture and se-
questration;
(4) forest restoration;
(5) soil carbon management; and
(6) direct ocean capture.
(b) Report
Not later than 180 days after December 27,
2020, the Secretary of Energy (in this section re-
ferred to as the ‘‘Secretary’’), in consultation
with the heads of any other relevant Federal
agencies, shall prepare a report that—
(1) estimates the magnitude of excess carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere that will need to be
removed by 2050 to achieve net-zero emissions
and stabilize the climate;
(2) inventories current and emerging ap-
proaches of carbon dioxide removal and evalu-
ates the advantages and disadvantages of each
of the approaches; and
(3) identifies recommendations for legisla-
tion, funding, rules, revisions to rules, financ-
ing mechanisms, or other policy tools that the
Federal Government can use to sufficiently
advance the deployment of carbon dioxide re-
moval projects in order to meet, in the aggre-
gate, the magnitude of needed removals esti-
mated under paragraph (1), including policy
tools, such as—
(A) grants;
(B) loans or loan guarantees;
(C) public-private partnerships;
(D) direct procurement;
(E) incentives, including subsidized Fed-
eral financing mechanisms available to
project developers;
(F) advance market commitments
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 16298e
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