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42 U.S.C. § 18851 — Model guidance for combined heat and power systems and waste heat to power systems
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Additional services** — The term “additional services” means the provision of supplementary power, backup or standby power, maintenance power, or interruptible power to an electric consumer by an electric utility.
(2) **Waste heat to power system** — The term “waste heat to power system” means a system that generates electricity through the recovery of waste energy.
(3) **Other terms**
(A) *Purpa* — The terms “electric consumer”, “electric utility”, “interconnection service”, “nonregulated electric utility”, and “State regulatory authority” have the meanings given those terms in the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 ([16 U.S.C. 2601](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2601&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), within the meaning of title I of that Act ([16 U.S.C. 2611](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2611&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
(B) *EPCA* — The terms “combined heat and power system” and “waste energy” have the meanings given those terms in [section 6341 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section6341&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Review**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 180 days after November 15, 2021, the Secretary, in consultation with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and other appropriate entities, shall review existing rules and procedures relating to interconnection service and additional services throughout the United States for electric generation with nameplate capacity up to 150 megawatts connecting at either distribution or transmission voltage levels to identify barriers to the deployment of combined heat and power systems and waste heat to power s
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 18851
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_2b5b614f1c504eccfc035f4f
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-18851-model-guidance-for-combined-heat-and-power-systems-and-waste-heat-to-pow--26beb160d0.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 162, § 18851; chapter-162-energy-infrastructure.md
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**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Additional services** — The term “additional services” means the provision of supplementary power, backup or standby power, maintenance power, or interruptible power to an electric consumer by an electric utility.
(2) **Waste heat to power system** — The term “waste heat to power system” means a system that generates electricity through the recovery of waste energy.
(3) **Other terms**
(A) *Purpa* — The terms “electric consumer”, “electric utility”, “interconnection service”, “nonregulated electric utility”, and “State regulatory authority” have the meanings given those terms in the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 ([16 U.S.C. 2601](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2601&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), within the meaning of title I of that Act ([16 U.S.C. 2611](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2611&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
(B) *EPCA* — The terms “combined heat and power system” and “waste energy” have the meanings given those terms in [section 6341 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section6341&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Review**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 180 days after November 15, 2021, the Secretary, in consultation with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and other appropriate entities, shall review existing rules and procedures relating to interconnection service and additional services throughout the United States for electric generation with nameplate capacity up to 150 megawatts connecting at either distribution or transmission voltage levels to identify barriers to the deployment of combined heat and power systems and waste heat to power systems.
(2) **Inclusion** — The review under this subsection shall include a review of existing rules and procedures relating to—
(A) determining and assigning costs of interconnection service and additional services; and
(B) ensuring adequate cost recovery by an electric utility for interconnection service and additional services.
**(c) Model guidance**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 18 months after November 15, 2021, the Secretary, in consultation with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and other appropriate entities, shall issue model guidance for interconnection service and additional services for consideration by State regulatory authorities and nonregulated electric utilities to reduce the barriers identified under subsection (b)(1).
(2) **Current best practices** — The model guidance issued under this subsection shall reflect, to the maximum extent practicable, current best practices to encourage the deployment of combined heat and power systems and waste heat to power systems while ensuring the safety and reliability of the interconnected units and the distribution and transmission networks to which the units connect, including—
(A) relevant current standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers; and
(B) model codes and rules adopted by—
(i) States; or
(ii) associations of State regulatory agencies.
(3) **Factors for consideration** — In establishing the model guidance under this subsection, the Secretary shall take into consideration—
(A) the appropriateness of using standards or procedures for interconnection service that vary based on unit size, fuel type, or other relevant characteristics;
(B) the appropriateness of establishing fast-track procedures for interconnection service;
(C) the value of consistency with Federal interconnection rules established by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission as of November 15, 2021;
(D) the best practices used to model outage assumptions and contingencies to determine fees or rates for additional services;
(E) the appropriate duration, magnitude, or usage of demand charge ratchets;
(F) potential alternative arrangements with respect to the procurement of additional services, including—
(i) contracts tailored to individual electric consumers for additional services;
(ii) procurement of additional services by an electric utility from a competitive market; and
(iii) waivers of fees or rates for additional services for small electric consumers; and
(G) outcomes such as increased electric reliability, fuel diversification, enhanced power quality, and reduced electric losses that may result from increased use of combined heat and power systems and waste heat to power systems.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Information required to be gathered** Each electric utility shall periodically gather information under such rules (promulgated by the Commission) as the Commission determines necessary to allow determination of the costs associated with providing electric service. For purposes of this section, and for purposes of any consideration and determination respecting the standard established by [section 2621(d)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2621/d/2&num=0&edition=prelim), such costs shall be separated, to the maximum extent practicable, into the following components: customer cost component, demand cost component, and energy cost component. Rules under this subsection shall include requirements for the gathering of the following information with respect to each electric utility—
(1) the costs of serving each electric consumer class, including costs of serving different consumption patterns within such class, based on voltage level, time of use, and other appropriate factors;
(2) daily kilowatt demand load curves for all electric consumer classes combined representative of daily and seasonal differences in demand, and daily kilowatt demand load curves for each electric consumer class for which there is a separate rate, representative of daily and seasonal differences in demand;
(3) annual capital, operating, and maintenance costs—
(A) for transmission and distribution services, and
(B) for each type of generating unit; and
(4) costs of purchased power, including representative daily and seasonal differences in the amount of such costs.
Such rules shall provide that information required to be gathered under this section shall be presented in such categories and such detail as may be necessary to carr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 2601
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There are authorized to be appropriated—
(1) not to exceed $40,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1979 and 1980 to carry out [section 6807 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section6807&num=0&edition=prelim) (relating to State utility regulatory assistance);
(2) not to exceed $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1979 and 1980 to carry out [section 6805 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section6805&num=0&edition=prelim) (relating to State offices of consumer services); and
(3) not to exceed $8,000,000 for the fiscal year 1979, and $10,000,000 for the fiscal year 1980 to carry out [section 6804(1)(B) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section6804/1/B&num=0&edition=prelim) (relating to innovative rate structures).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 6808
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds that the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare, the preservation of national security, and the proper exercise of congressional authority under the Constitution to regulate interstate commerce require—
(1) a program providing for increased conservation of electric energy, increased efficiency in the use of facilities and resources by electric utilities, and equitable retail rates for electric consumers,
(2) a program to improve the wholesale distribution of electric energy, the reliability of electric service, the procedures concerning consideration of wholesale rate applications before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the participation of the public in matters before the Commission, and to provide other measures with respect to the regulation of the wholesale sale of electric energy,
(3) a program to provide for the expeditious development of hydroelectric potential at existing small dams to provide needed hydroelectric power,
(4) a program for the conservation of natural gas while insuring that rates to natural gas consumers are equitable,
(5) a program to encourage the development of crude oil transportation systems, and
(6) the establishment of certain other authorities as provided in title VI of this Act.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 2611
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Bulk-power system** — The term “bulk-power system” has the meaning given the term in section 824o(a) of title 16.
(2) **State energy security plan** — The term “State energy security plan” means a State energy security plan described in subsection (b).
**(b) Financial assistance for State energy security plans** Federal financial assistance made available to a State under this part may be used for the development, implementation, review, and revision of a State energy security plan that—
(1) assesses the existing circumstances in the State; and
(2) proposes methods to strengthen the ability of the State, in consultation with owners and operators of energy infrastructure in the State—
(A) to secure the energy infrastructure of the State against all physical and cybersecurity threats;
(B)
(i) to mitigate the risk of energy supply disruptions to the State; and
(ii) to enhance the response to, and recovery from, energy disruptions; and
(C) to ensure that the State has reliable, secure, and resilient energy infrastructure.
**(c) Contents of plan** A State energy security plan shall—
(1) address all energy sources and regulated and unregulated energy providers;
(2) provide a State energy profile, including an assessment of energy production, transmission, distribution, and end-use;
(3) address potential hazards to each energy sector or system, including—
(A) physical threats and vulnerabilities; and
(B) cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities;
(4) provide a risk assessment of energy infrastructure and cross-sector interdependencies;
(5) provide a risk mitigation approach to enhance reliability and end-use resilience; and
(6)
(A) address—
(i) multi-State and regional coordination, plannin
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 6341
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) National demonstration program; purpose** The Secretary shall undertake a national demonstration program designed to test the feasibility and effectiveness of various forms of financial assistance for encouraging the installation or implementation of approved energy conservation measures and approved renewable-resource energy measures in existing dwelling units. The Secretary shall carry out such demonstration program with a view toward recommending a national program or programs designed to reduce significantly the consumption of energy in existing dwelling units.
**(b) Financial assistance to owners and tenants of dwelling units; authorization of Secretary** The Secretary is authorized to make financial assistance available pursuant to this section in the form of grants, low-interest-rate loans, interest subsidies, loan guarantees, and such other forms of assistance as the Secretary deems appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section. Assistance may be made available to both owners of dwelling units and tenants occupying such units.
**(c) Duties of Secretary** In carrying out the demonstration program required by this section, the Secretary shall—
(1) provide assistance in a wide variety of geographic areas to reflect differences in climate, types of dwelling units, and income levels of recipients in order to provide a national profile for use in designing a program which is to be operational and effective nationwide;
(2) evaluate the appropriateness of various financial incentives for different income levels of owners and occupants of existing dwelling units;
(3) take into account and evaluate any other financial assistance which may be available for the installation or implementation of energy conservation and renewable-resource energy measures;
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 1715z–1c
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General authority** Each Federal agency may permit the director of any of its Government-operated Federal laboratories, and, to the extent provided in an agency-approved joint work statement or, if permitted by the agency, in an agency-approved annual strategic plan, the director of any of its Government-owned, contractor-operated laboratories—
(1) to enter into cooperative research and development agreements on behalf of such agency (subject to subsection (c) of this section) with other Federal agencies; units of State, local, or territorial government; industrial organizations (including corporations, partnerships, and limited partnerships, and industrial development organizations); public and private foundations; nonprofit organizations (including universities); or other persons (including licensees of inventions owned by the Federal agency); and
(2) to negotiate licensing agreements under [section 207 of title 35](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title35-section207&num=0&edition=prelim), or under other authorities (in the case of a Government-owned, contractor-operated laboratory, subject to subsection (c) of this section) for inventions made or other intellectual property developed at the laboratory and other inventions or other intellectual property that may be voluntarily assigned to the Government.
**(b) Enumerated authority**
(1) Under an agreement entered into pursuant to subsection (a)(1), the laboratory may grant, or agree to grant in advance, to a collaborating party patent licenses or assignments, or options thereto, in any invention made in whole or in part by a laboratory employee under the agreement, or, subject to [section 209 of title 35](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title35-section
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 3710a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authority**
(1) The Secretary may enter into agreements with 1 or more holders of a certificate of public convenience and necessity issued under [section 720a(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section720a/b&num=0&edition=prelim) or [section 719g of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section719g&num=0&edition=prelim) or with an entity the Secretary determines is qualified to construct and operate a liquefied natural gas project to transport liquefied natural gas from Southcentral Alaska, to issue Federal guarantee instruments with respect to loans and other debt obligations for a qualified infrastructure project.
(2) Subject to the requirements of this section, the Secretary may also enter into agreements with 1 or more owners of the Canadian portion of a qualified infrastructure project to issue Federal guarantee instruments with respect to loans and other debt obligations for a qualified infrastructure project as though such owner were a holder described in paragraph (1).
(3) The authority of the Secretary to issue Federal guarantee instruments under this section for a qualified infrastructure project shall expire on the date that is 2 years after the date on which the final certificate of public convenience and necessity (including any Canadian certificates of public convenience and necessity) is issued for the project. A final certificate shall be considered to have been issued when all certificates of public convenience and necessity have been issued that are required for the initial transportation of commercially economic quantities of natural gas from Alaska.
**(b) Conditions**
(1) The Secretary may issue a Federal guarantee instrument for a qualified infr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 720n
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Consideration and determination** Each State regulatory authority (with respect to each electric utility for which it has ratemaking authority) and each nonregulated electric utility shall consider each standard established by subsection (d) and make a determination concerning whether or not it is appropriate to implement such standard to carry out the purposes of this chapter. For purposes of such consideration and determination in accordance with subsections (b) and (c), and for purposes of any review of such consideration and determination in any court in accordance with [section 2633 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2633&num=0&edition=prelim), the purposes of this chapter supplement otherwise applicable State law. Nothing in this subsection prohibits any State regulatory authority or nonregulated electric utility from making any determination that it is not appropriate to implement any such standard, pursuant to its authority under otherwise applicable State law.
**(b) Procedural requirements for consideration and determination**
(1) The consideration referred to in subsection (a) shall be made after public notice and hearing. The determination referred to in subsection (a) shall be—
(A) in writing,
(B) based upon findings included in such determination and upon the evidence presented at the hearing, and
(C) available to the public.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (1), in the second sentence of [section 2622(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2622/a&num=0&edition=prelim), and in sections 2631 and 2632 of this title, the procedures for the consideration and determination referred to in subsection (a) shall be those estab
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 2624
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Request for consideration and determination** Each State regulatory authority (with respect to each electric utility for which it has ratemaking authority) and each nonregulated electric utility may undertake the consideration and make the determination referred to in [section 2621 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2621&num=0&edition=prelim) with respect to any standard established by [section 2621(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2621/d&num=0&edition=prelim) in any proceeding respecting the rates of the electric utility. Any participant or intervenor (including an intervenor referred to in [section 2631 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2631&num=0&edition=prelim)) in such a proceeding may request, and shall obtain, such consideration and determination in such proceeding. In undertaking such consideration and making such determination in any such proceeding with respect to the application to any electric utility of any standard established by [section 2621(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2621/d&num=0&edition=prelim), a State regulatory authority (with respect to an electric utility for which it has ratemaking authority) or nonregulated electric utility may take into account in such proceeding—
(1) any appropriate prior determination with respect to such standard—
(A) which is made in a proceeding which takes place after November 9, 1978, or
(B) which was made before such date (or is made in a proceeding pending on such date) and complies, as provided in [section 2634 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=gra
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 2625
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of subchapters I and II, and this subchapter, proceedings commenced by State regulatory authorities (with respect to electric utilities for which it has ratemaking authority) and nonregulated electric utilities before November 9, 1978, and actions taken before such date in such proceedings shall be treated as complying with the requirements of subchapters I and II, and this subchapter if such proceedings and actions substantially conform to such requirements. For purposes of subchapters I and II, and this subchapter, any such proceeding or action commenced before November 9, 1978, but not completed before such date, shall comply with the requirements of subchapters I and II, and this subchapter, to the maximum extent practicable, with respect to so much of such proceeding or action as takes place after such date, except as otherwise provided in [section 2631(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2631/c&num=0&edition=prelim). In the case of each standard established by paragraphs (11) through (13) of [section 2621(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2621/d&num=0&edition=prelim), the reference contained in this section to November 9, 1978, shall be deemed to be a reference to August 8, 2005. In the case of the standard established by paragraph (14) of [section 2621(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section2621/d&num=0&edition=prelim), the reference contained in this section to November 9, 1978, shall be deemed to be a reference to August 8, 2005. In the case of each standard established by paragraph (15) of [section 2621(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-pre
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 2643
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Incoming connection: Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.