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28 U.S.C. § 456 — Traveling expenses of justices and judges; official duty stations
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall pay each justice or judge of the United States, and each retired justice or judge recalled or designated and assigned to active duty, while attending court or transacting official business at a place other than his official duty station for any continuous period of less than thirty calendar days (1) all necessary transportation expenses certified by the justice or judge; and (2) payments for subsistence expenses at rates or in amounts which the Director establishes, in accordance with regulations which the Director shall prescribe with the approval of the Judicial Conference of the United States and after considering the rates or amounts set by the Administrator of General Services and the President pursuant to [section 5702 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5702&num=0&edition=prelim). The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall also pay each justice or judge of the United States, and each retired justice or judge recalled or designated and assigned to active duty, while attending court or transacting official business under an assignment authorized under chapter 13 of this title which exceeds in duration a continuous period of thirty calendar days, all necessary transportation expenses and actual and necessary expenses of subsistence actually incurred, notwithstanding the provisions of [section 5702 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5702&num=0&edition=prelim), in accordance with regulations which the Director shall prescribe with the approval of the Judicial Conference of the United States.
**(b)** The official duty station of the Chief Justice of th
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-28/section-456-traveling-expenses-of-justices-and-judges-official-duty-stations--4b1f3caea4.md
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Source location: Title 28, Chapter 21, § 456; chapter-021-general-provisions-applicable-to-courts-and-judges.md
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**(a)** The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall pay each justice or judge of the United States, and each retired justice or judge recalled or designated and assigned to active duty, while attending court or transacting official business at a place other than his official duty station for any continuous period of less than thirty calendar days (1) all necessary transportation expenses certified by the justice or judge; and (2) payments for subsistence expenses at rates or in amounts which the Director establishes, in accordance with regulations which the Director shall prescribe with the approval of the Judicial Conference of the United States and after considering the rates or amounts set by the Administrator of General Services and the President pursuant to [section 5702 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5702&num=0&edition=prelim). The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall also pay each justice or judge of the United States, and each retired justice or judge recalled or designated and assigned to active duty, while attending court or transacting official business under an assignment authorized under chapter 13 of this title which exceeds in duration a continuous period of thirty calendar days, all necessary transportation expenses and actual and necessary expenses of subsistence actually incurred, notwithstanding the provisions of [section 5702 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5702&num=0&edition=prelim), in accordance with regulations which the Director shall prescribe with the approval of the Judicial Conference of the United States.
**(b)** The official duty station of the Chief Justice of the United States, the Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, and the judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and the United States District Court for the District of Columbia shall be the District of Columbia.
**(c)** The official duty station of the judges of the United States Court of International Trade shall be New York City.
**(d)** The official duty station of each district judge shall be that place where a district court holds regular sessions at or near which the judge performs a substantial portion of his judicial work, which is nearest the place where he maintains his actual abode in which he customarily lives.
**(e)** The official duty station of a circuit judge shall be that place where a circuit or district court holds regular sessions at or near which the judge performs a substantial portion of his judicial work, or that place where the Director provides chambers to the judge where he performs a substantial portion of his judicial work, which is nearest the place where he maintains his actual abode in which he customarily lives.
**(f)** The official duty station of a retired judge shall be established in accordance with [section 374 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section374&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(g)** Each circuit or district judge whose official duty station is not fixed expressly by this section shall notify the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts in writing of his actual abode and official duty station upon his appointment and from time to time thereafter as his official duty station may change.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this title:
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 451
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Sections 452 through 459 and section 462 of this chapter shall also apply to the United States Court of Federal Claims, to each court created by Act of Congress in a territory which is invested with any jurisdiction of a district court of the United States, and to the judges thereof.
**(b)** The official duty station of each judge referred to in subsection (a) which is not otherwise established by law shall be that place where the court holds regular sessions at or near which the judge performs a substantial portion of his judicial work, which is nearest the place where he maintains his actual abode in which he customarily lives.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 460
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) Under regulations prescribed pursuant to [section 5707 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5707&num=0&edition=prelim), an employee, when traveling on official business away from the employee’s designated post of duty, or away from the employee’s home or regular place of business (if the employee is described in [section 5703 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5703&num=0&edition=prelim)), is entitled to any one of the following:
(A) a per diem allowance at a rate not to exceed that established by the Administrator of General Services for travel within the continental United States, and by the President or his designee for travel outside the continental United States;
(B) reimbursement for the actual and necessary expenses of official travel not to exceed an amount established by the Administrator for travel within the continental United States or an amount established by the President or his designee for travel outside the continental United States; or
(C) a combination of payments described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph.
(2) Any per diem allowance or maximum amount of reimbursement shall be established, to the extent feasible, by locality. The Secretary of Defense shall not alter the amount of the per diem allowance, or the maximum amount of reimbursement, for a locality based on the duration of the travel in the locality of an employee of the Department.
(3) For travel consuming less than a full day, the payment prescribed by regulation shall be allocated in such manner as the Administrator may prescribe.
**(b)**
(1) Under regulations prescribed pursuant to [section 5707 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtm
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 5702
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this title the following definitions shall apply:
(1) The term “accountant” means accountant authorized under applicable law to practice public accounting, and includes professional accounting association, corporation, or partnership, if so authorized.
(2) The term “affiliate” means—
(A) entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities—
(i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or
(ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote;
(B) corporation 20 percent or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by the debtor, or by an entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities—
(i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or
(ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote;
(C) person whose business is operated under a lease or operating agreement by a debtor, or person substantially all of whose property is operated under an operating agreement with the debtor; or
(D) entity that operates the business or substantially all of the property of the debtor under a lease or operating agreement.
(3) The term “assisted person” means any person whose debts consist primarily of consumer debts and the value of whose nonexempt property is less than $150,000.11 See Adjustment of Dollar Amounts not
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 11 U.S.C. § 101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, nine judges who shall constitute a court of record to be known as the United States Court of International Trade. Not more than five of such judges shall be from the same political party. The court is a court established under article III of the Constitution of the United States.
**(b)** The offices of the Court of International Trade shall be located in New York, New York.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 251
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Director shall be the administrative officer of the courts, and under the supervision and direction of the Judicial Conference of the United States, shall:
(1) Supervise all administrative matters relating to the offices of clerks and other clerical and administrative personnel of the courts;
(2) Examine the state of the dockets of the courts; secure information as to the courts’ need of assistance; prepare and transmit semiannually to the chief judges of the circuits, statistical data and reports as to the business of the courts;
(3) Submit to the annual meeting of the Judicial Conference of the United States, at least two weeks prior thereto, a report of the activities of the Administrative Office and the state of the business of the courts, together with the statistical data submitted to the chief judges of the circuits under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, and the Director’s recommendations, which report, data and recommendations shall be public documents.
(4) Submit to Congress and the Attorney General copies of the report, data and recommendations required by paragraph (a)(3) of this section;
(5) Fix the compensation of clerks of court, deputies, librarians, criers, messengers, law clerks, secretaries, stenographers, clerical assistants, and other employees of the courts whose compensation is not otherwise fixed by law, and, notwithstanding any other provision of law, pay on behalf of Justices and judges of the United States appointed to hold office during good behavior, United States magistrate judges, bankruptcy judges appointed under chapter 6 of this title, judges of the District Court of Guam, judges of the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands, judges of the District Court of the Virgin Islands, bankruptcy judges and magistrate j
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 604
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Retired judges of the United States are not subject to restrictions as to residence. The place where a retired judge maintains the actual abode in which he customarily lives shall be deemed to be his official station for the purposes of [section 456 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section456&num=0&edition=prelim). The place where a judge or magistrate judge recalled under section 155, 375, 636, or 797 of this title maintains the actual abode in which the judge or magistrate judge customarily lives shall be deemed to be the official station of such judge or magistrate judge for purposes of [section 604(a)(7) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section604/a/7&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 374
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
A justice or judge shall discharge, during the period of his designation and assignment, all judicial duties for which he is designated and assigned. He may be required to perform any duty which might be required of a judge of the court or district or circuit to which he is designated and assigned.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 296
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, sixteen judges who shall constitute a court of record known as the United States Court of Federal Claims. The court is declared to be a court established under article I of the Constitution of the United States.
**(b)** The President shall designate one of the judges of the Court of Federal Claims who is less than seventy years of age to serve as chief judge. The chief judge may continue to serve as such until he reaches the age of seventy years or until another judge is designated as chief judge by the President. After the designation of another judge to serve as chief judge, the former chief judge may continue to serve as a judge of the court for the balance of the term to which appointed.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 171
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Except as otherwise provided in section 5707(d),11 See References in Text note below. for the purpose of this subchapter—
(1) “agency” means—
(A) an Executive agency;
(B) a military department;
(C) an office, agency, or other establishment in the legislative branch;
(D) an office, agency, or other establishment in the judicial branch; and
(E) the government of the District of Columbia;
but does not include—
(i) a Government controlled corporation;
(ii) a Member of Congress; or
(iii) an office or committee of either House of Congress or of the two Houses;
(2) “employee” means an individual employed in or under an agency including an individual employed intermittently in the Government service as an expert or consultant and paid on a daily when-actually-employed basis and an individual serving without pay or at $1 a year;
(3) “subsistence” means lodging, meals, and other necessary expenses for the personal sustenance and comfort of the traveler;
(4) “per diem allowance” means a daily payment instead of actual expenses for subsistence and fees or tips to porters and stewards;
(5) “Government” means the Government of the United States and the government of the District of Columbia; and
(6) “continental United States” means the several States and the District of Columbia, but does not include Alaska or Hawaii.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 5701
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