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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this title:
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 451
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-28/section-451-definitions--67d7cccd5b.md
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Source location: Title 28, Chapter 21, § 451; chapter-021-general-provisions-applicable-to-courts-and-judges.md
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this title the following definitions shall apply: (1) The term “accountant” means accountant authorized under applicable law to practice public accounting, and includes professional accounting association, corporation, or partnership, if so authorized. (2) The term “affiliate” means— (A) entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities— (i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or (ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote; (B) corporation 20 percent or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by the debtor, or by an entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities— (i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or (ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote; (C) person whose business is operated under a lease or operating agreement by a debtor, or person substantially all of whose property is operated under an operating agreement with the debtor; or (D) entity that operates the business or substantially all of the property of the debtor under a lease or operating agreement. (3) The term “assisted person” means any person whose debts consist primarily of consumer debts and the value of whose nonexempt property is less than $150,000.11 See Adjustment of Dollar Amounts not
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 11 U.S.C. § 101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, nine judges who shall constitute a court of record to be known as the United States Court of International Trade. Not more than five of such judges shall be from the same political party. The court is a court established under article III of the Constitution of the United States. **(b)** The offices of the Court of International Trade shall be located in New York, New York.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 251
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Executive departments are:
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, sixteen judges who shall constitute a court of record known as the United States Court of Federal Claims. The court is declared to be a court established under article I of the Constitution of the United States. **(b)** The President shall designate one of the judges of the Court of Federal Claims who is less than seventy years of age to serve as chief judge. The chief judge may continue to serve as such until he reaches the age of seventy years or until another judge is designated as chief judge by the President. After the designation of another judge to serve as chief judge, the former chief judge may continue to serve as a judge of the court for the balance of the term to which appointed.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 171
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** In this section: (1) The term “court” means— (A) any court of competent jurisdiction of any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; (B) any court of the United States (as defined in [section 451 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section451&num=0&edition=prelim)) having competent jurisdiction; (C) any court of competent jurisdiction of a foreign country with which the United States has an agreement requiring the United States to honor any court order of such country; and (D) any administrative or judicial tribunal of a State competent to enter orders for support or maintenance (including a State agency administering a program under a State plan approved under part D of title IV of the Social Security Act), and, for purposes of this subparagraph, the term “State” includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa. (2) The term “court order” means a final decree of divorce, dissolution, annulment, or legal separation issued by a court, or a court ordered, ratified, or approved property settlement incident to such a decree (including a final decree modifying the terms of a previously issued decree of divorce, dissolution, annulment, or legal separation, or a court ordered, ratified, or approved property settlement incident to such previously issued decree), or a support order, as defined in section 453(p) of the Social Security Act ([42 U.S.C. 653(p)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section653/p&num=0&edition=prelim)), which— (A) is issued in accor
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 1408
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever kills any individual who is a Member of Congress or a Member-of-Congress-elect, a member of the executive branch of the Government who is the head, or a person nominated to be head during the pendency of such nomination, of a department listed in [section 101 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section101&num=0&edition=prelim) or the second ranking official in such department, the Director (or a person nominated to be Director during the pendency of such nomination) or Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, the Director (or a person nominated to be Director during the pendency of such nomination) or Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, a major Presidential or Vice Presidential candidate (as defined in [section 3056 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3056&num=0&edition=prelim)), or a Justice of the United States, as defined in [section 451 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section451&num=0&edition=prelim), or a person nominated to be a Justice of the United States, during the pendency of such nomination, shall be punished as provided by sections 1111 and 1112 of this title. **(b)** Whoever kidnaps any individual designated in subsection (a) of this section shall be punished (1) by imprisonment for any term of years or for life, or (2) by death or imprisonment for any term of years or for life, if death results to such individual. **(c)** Whoever attempts to kill or kidnap any individual designated in subsection (a) of this section shall be punished by imprisonment for any term of years or for life. **(d)** If two or more persons conspire to kill or kidnap any individual designate
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 351
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Prior to the transfer of an offender from the United States, the fact that the offender consents to such transfer and that such consent is voluntary and with full knowledge of the consequences thereof shall be verified by a United States magistrate judge or a judge as defined in [section 451 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section451&num=0&edition=prelim), United States Code. **(b)** The verifying officer shall inquire of the offender whether he understands and agrees that the transfer will be subject to the following conditions: (1) only the appropriate courts in the United States may modify or set aside the conviction or sentence, and any proceedings seeking such action may only be brought in such courts; (2) the sentence shall be carried out according to the laws of the country to which he is to be transferred and that those laws are subject to change; (3) if a court in the country to which he is transferred should determine upon a proceeding initiated by him or on his behalf that his transfer was not accomplished in accordance with the treaty or laws of that country, he may be returned to the United States for the purpose of completing the sentence if the United States requests his return; and (4) his consent to transfer, once verified by the verifying officer, is irrevocable. **(c)** The verifying officer, before determining that an offender’s consent is voluntary and given with full knowledge of the consequences, shall advise the offender of his right to consult with counsel as provided by this chapter. If the offender wishes to consult with counsel before giving his consent, he shall be advised that the proceedings will be continued until he has had an opportunity to consult with counsel. **(d)** Th
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 4107
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Prior to the transfer of an offender to the United States, the fact that the offender consents to such transfer and that such consent is voluntary and with full knowledge of the consequences thereof, shall be verified in the country in which the sentence was imposed by a United States magistrate judge, or by a citizen specifically designated by a judge of the United States as defined in [section 451 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section451&num=0&edition=prelim), United States Code. The designation of a citizen who is an employee or officer of a department or agency of the United States shall be with the approval of the head of that department or agency. **(b)** The verifying officer shall inquire of the offender whether he understands and agrees that the transfer will be subject to the following conditions: (1) only the country in which he was convicted and sentenced can modify or set aside the conviction or sentence, and any proceedings seeking such action may only be brought in that country; (2) the sentence shall be carried out according to the laws of the United States and that those laws are subject to change; (3) if a United States court should determine upon a proceeding initiated by him or on his behalf that his transfer was not accomplished in accordance with the treaty or laws of the United States, he may be returned to the country which imposed the sentence for the purpose of completing the sentence if that country requests his return; and (4) his consent to transfer, once verified by the verifying officer, is irrevocable. **(c)** The verifying officer, before determining that an offender’s consent is voluntary and given with full knowledge of the consequences, shall advise the offender of his
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 4108
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** For purposes of this section— (1) “employee” means any individual whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives; and (2) “court of the United States” has the meaning given it by [section 451 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section451&num=0&edition=prelim) and includes the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone, the District Court of Guam, and the District Court of the Virgin Islands. **(b) Service as juror or witness in connection with a judicial proceeding; prohibition against reduction of pay** The pay of an employee shall not be reduced during a period of absence with respect to which the employee is summoned (and permitted to respond to such summons by the appropriate authority of the House of the Congress disbursing his pay), in connection with a judicial proceeding by a court or authority responsible for the conduct of that proceeding, to serve— (1) as a juror; or (2) other than as provided in subsection (c) of this section, as a witness on behalf of any party in connection with any judicial proceeding to which the United States, the District of Columbia, or a State or local government is a party; in the District of Columbia, a State, territory, or possession of the United States including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. For purposes of this subsection, “judicial proceeding” means any action, suit, or other judicial proceeding, including any condemnation, preliminary, informational, or other proceeding of a judicial nature, but does not include an administrative proceeding. **(c) Official duty** An employee is performing offici
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 4503
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Tax Court may exercise, for purposes of management, administration, and expenditure of funds of the Court, the authorities provided for such purposes by any provision of law (including any limitation with respect to such provision of law) applicable to a court of the United States (as that term is defined in [section 451 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section451&num=0&edition=prelim), United States Code), except to the extent that such provision of law is inconsistent with a provision of this subchapter.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 7470
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