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19 U.S.C. § 2512 — Purposes
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purposes of this Act are—
(1) to approve and implement the trade agreements negotiated under the Trade Act of 1974 [[19 U.S.C. 2101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.];
(2) to foster the growth and maintenance of an open world trading system;
(3) to expand opportunities for the commerce of the United States in international trade; and
(4) to improve the rules of international trade and to provide for the enforcement of such rules, and for other purposes.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_922d71a26c4acadebdb0b4c3
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-19/section-2512-purposes--60dd58f6bf.md
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Source location: Title 19, Chapter 13, § 2512; chapter-013-trade-agreements-act-of-1979.md
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The purposes of this Act are—
(1) to approve and implement the trade agreements negotiated under the Trade Act of 1974 [[19 U.S.C. 2101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.];
(2) to foster the growth and maintenance of an open world trading system;
(3) to expand opportunities for the commerce of the United States in international trade; and
(4) to improve the rules of international trade and to provide for the enforcement of such rules, and for other purposes.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** An agency may not determine that a sanitary or phytosanitary measure of a foreign country is equivalent to a sanitary or phytosanitary measure established under the authority of Federal law unless the agency determines that the sanitary or phytosanitary measure of the foreign country provides at least the same level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection as the comparable sanitary or phytosanitary measure established under the authority of Federal law.
**(b) FDA determination** If the Commissioner proposes to issue a determination of the equivalency of a sanitary or phytosanitary measure of a foreign country to a measure that is required to be promulgated as a rule under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ([21 U.S.C. 301](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section301&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) or other statute administered by the Food and Drug Administration, the Commissioner shall issue a proposed regulation to incorporate such determination and shall include in the notice of proposed rulemaking the basis for the determination that the sanitary or phytosanitary measure of a foreign country provides at least the same level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection as the comparable Federal sanitary or phytosanitary measure. The Commissioner shall provide opportunity for interested persons to comment on the proposed regulation. The Commissioner shall not issue a final regulation based on the proposal without taking into account the comments received.
**(c) Notice** If the Commissioner proposes to issue a determination of the equivalency of a sanitary or phytosanitary measure of a foreign country to a sanitary or phytosanitary measure of the Food and Drug Administration that is not required to be promulgated
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2501
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Creation of Trust Fund** There is established in the Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the “Agricultural Disaster Relief Trust Fund”, consisting of such amounts as may be appropriated or credited to such Trust Fund as provided in this section.
**(b) Transfer to Trust Fund**
(1) **In general** — There are appropriated to the Agricultural Disaster Relief Trust Fund amounts equivalent to 3.08 percent of the amounts received in the general fund of the Treasury of the United States during fiscal years 2008 through 2011 attributable to the duties collected on articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States.
(2) **Amounts based on estimates** — The amounts appropriated under this section shall be transferred at least monthly from the general fund of the Treasury of the United States to the Agricultural Disaster Relief Trust Fund on the basis of estimates made by the Secretary of the Treasury. Proper adjustments shall be made in the amounts subsequently transferred to the extent prior estimates were in excess of or less than the amounts required to be transferred.
(3) **Limitation on transfers to Agricultural Disaster Relief Trust Fund** — No amount may be appropriated to the Agricultural Disaster Relief Trust Fund on and after the date of any expenditure from the Agricultural Disaster Relief Trust Fund which is not permitted by this section. The determination of whether an expenditure is so permitted shall be made without regard to—
(A) any provision of law which is not contained or referenced in this subchapter or in a revenue Act, and
(B) whether such provision of law is a subsequently enacted provision or directly or indirectly seeks to waive the application of t
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The President may waive the application of the provisions of chapter 83 of title 41 in the case of any procurement of civil aircraft and related articles of a country or instrumentality which is a party to the Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft referred to in [section 2503(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2503/c&num=0&edition=prelim) and approved under [section 2503(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2503/a&num=0&edition=prelim). The President may modify or withdraw any waiver granted pursuant to this section.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2517
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Overall negotiating objective** The President shall seek in the renegotiations provided for in article XXIV(7) of the Agreement more open and equitable market access abroad, and the harmonization, reduction, or elimination of devices which distort trade or commerce related to Government procurement, with the overall goal of maximizing the economic benefit to the United States through maintaining and enlarging foreign markets for products of United States agriculture, industry, mining, and commerce, the development of fair and equitable market opportunities, and open and nondiscriminatory world trade. In carrying out the provisions of this subsection, the President shall consider the assessment made in the report required under section 2516(a) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title.
**(b) Sector negotiating objectives** The President shall seek, consistent with the overall objective set forth in subsection (a) and to the maximum extent feasible, with respect to appropriate product sectors, competitive opportunities for the export of United States products to the developed countries of the world equivalent to the competitive opportunities afforded by the United States, taking into account all barriers to, and other distortions of, international trade affecting that sector.
**(c) Independent verification objective** The President shall seek to establish in the renegotiation provided for in article XXIV(7) of the Agreement a system for independent verification of information provided by parties to the Agreement to the Committee on Government Procurement pursuant to article XIX(5) of the Agreement.
**(d) Reports on negotiations**
(1) **Report in the event of inadequate progress** — If, during the renegotiations of the Agreement, the President at any ti
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2518
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Monitoring and enforcement structure recommendations** In the preparation of the recommendations for the reorganization of trade functions, the President shall ensure that careful consideration is given to monitoring and enforcing the requirements of the Agreement and this subchapter, with particular regard to the tendering procedures required by the Agreement or otherwise agreed to by a country or instrumentality likely to be designated pursuant to [section 2511(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2511/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Rules of origin**
(1) **Advisory rulings and final determinations** — For the purposes of this subchapter, the Secretary of the Treasury shall provide for the prompt issuance of advisory rulings and final determinations on whether, under [section 2518(4)(B) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2518/4/B&num=0&edition=prelim), an article is or would be a product of a foreign country or instrumentality designated pursuant to [section 2511(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2511/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Penalties for fraudulent conduct** — In addition to any other provisions of law which may be applicable, [section 1001 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1001&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply to fraudulent conduct with respect to the origin of products for purposes of qualifying for a waiver under [section 2511 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2511&num=0&edition=prelim) or avoiding a prohibition under [section 2512 of this title](https://uscode.house.g
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2531
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 96–39, title III, § 306, July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 240, related to labor surplus area studies.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal by Pub. L. 103–465 effective on the date on which the Agreement on Government Procurement, referred to in [section 3511(d)(17) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3511/d/17&num=0&edition=prelim), enters into force with respect to the United States (Jan. 1, 1995), see section 344(a) of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as an Effective Date of 1994 Amendment note under [section 2512 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2512&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2532
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The United States Trade Representative shall make available to the Members of Congress designated as official advisers pursuant to [section 2211 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2211&num=0&edition=prelim) information compiled by the Committee on Government Procurement under article XIX(5) of the Agreement.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2533
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this subchapter—
(1) **Agreement** — The term “Agreement” means the Agreement on Government Procurement referred to in [section 3511(d)(17) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3511/d/17&num=0&edition=prelim), as submitted to the Congress, but including rectifications, modifications, and amendments which are accepted by the United States.
(2) **Civil aircraft** — The term “civil aircraft and related articles” means—
(A) all aircraft other than aircraft to be purchased for use by the Department of Defense or the United States Coast Guard;
(B) the engines (and parts and components for incorporation therein) of such aircraft;
(C) any other parts, components, and subassemblies for incorporation in such aircraft; and
(D) any ground flight simulators, and parts and components thereof, for use with respect to such aircraft,
whether to be purchased for use as original or replacement equipment in the manufacture, repair, maintenance, rebuilding, modification, or conversion of such aircraft, and without regard to whether such aircraft or articles receive duty-free treatment pursuant to section 601(a)(2).
(3) **Developed countries** — The term “developed countries” means countries so designated by the President.
(4) **Eligible product**
(A) *In general* — The term “eligible product” means, with respect to any foreign country or instrumentality that is—
(i) a party to the Agreement, a product or service of that country or instrumentality which is covered under the Agreement for procurement by the United States;
(ii) Mexico, as a party to the USMCA (as defined in [section 4502 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4502&num=0&edition=pre
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2541
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this chapter.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 475
TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES
§ 2101
Sec.
2492.
Tariff treatment of products of uncooperative
major drug producing or drug-transit coun-
tries.
2493.
Sugar quota.
2494.
Progress reports.
2495.
Definitions.
SUBCHAPTER VIII—SUPPLEMENTAL
AGRICULTURAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE
2497.
Supplemental agricultural disaster assist-
ance.
2497a.
Agricultural Disaster Relief Trust Fund.
2497b.
Jurisdiction.
§ 2101. Short title
This chapter may be cited as the ‘‘Trade Act
of 1974’’.
(Pub. L. 93–618, § 1, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 1978.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original
‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 93–618, which in addition
to enacting this chapter enacted section 1863 of this
title, amended sections 160, 162, 163, 164, 170a, 1202, 1303,
1315, 1321, 1330, 1332, 1333, 1337, 1352, 1484, 1516, 1806, 1862,
1872, 1885, and 1981 of this title, sections 5312, 5314, 5315,
and 5316 of Title 5, Government Organization and Em-
ployees, section 301 of Title 13, Census, section 3302 of
Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, sections 2631 and 2632
of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and sec-
tion 665 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, re-
pealed sections 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1822, 1831, 1832, 1833,
1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1861, 1871, 1873, 1882, 1883,
1884, 1886, 1901, 1902, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1931,
1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1951, 1952, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1971, 1972,
1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1991 of this title, and
enacted provisions set out as notes under this section
and sections 160, 162, 1303, 1321, 1337, 1484, 1515, 1516, 1901,
and 2271 of this title and section 301 of Title 13, Census.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
REFERENCES TO OTHER LAWS
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 19 U.S.C. § 2101
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