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19 U.S.C. § 2531 — Monitoring and enforcement

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19 U.S.C. § 2531 — Monitoring and enforcement

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Source location: Title 19, Chapter 13, § 2531; chapter-013-trade-agreements-act-of-1979.md

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**(a) Monitoring and enforcement structure recommendations** In the preparation of the recommendations for the reorganization of trade functions, the President shall ensure that careful consideration is given to monitoring and enforcing the requirements of the Agreement and this subchapter, with particular regard to the tendering procedures required by the Agreement or otherwise agreed to by a country or instrumentality likely to be designated pursuant to [section 2511(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2511/b&num=0&edition=prelim). **(b) Rules of origin** (1) **Advisory rulings and final determinations** — For the purposes of this subchapter, the Secretary of the Treasury shall provide for the prompt issuance of advisory rulings and final determinations on whether, under [section 2518(4)(B) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2518/4/B&num=0&edition=prelim), an article is or would be a product of a foreign country or instrumentality designated pursuant to [section 2511(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2511/b&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) **Penalties for fraudulent conduct** — In addition to any other provisions of law which may be applicable, [section 1001 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1001&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply to fraudulent conduct with respect to the origin of products for purposes of qualifying for a waiver under [section 2511 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2511&num=0&edition=prelim) or avoiding a prohibition under [section 2512 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2512&num=0&edition=prelim). **(c) Report to Congress on rules of origin** (1) **Domestic administrative practices** — As soon as practicable after the close of the two-year period beginning on the date on which any waiver under [section 2511(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2511/a&num=0&edition=prelim) first takes effect, the President shall prepare and transmit to Congress a report containing an evaluation of administrative practices under any provision of law which requires determinations to be made of the country of origin of goods, products, commodities, or other articles of commerce. Such evaluation shall be accompanied by the President’s recommendations for legislative and executive measures required to improve and simplify and to make more uniform and consistent such practices. Such evaluation and recommendations shall take into account the special problems affecting insular possessions of the United States with respect to such practices. (2) **Foreign administrative practices** — The report required under paragraph (1) shall contain an evaluation of the administrative practices under the laws of each major industrial country which require determinations to be made of the country of origin of goods, products, commodities, or other articles of commerce, including an assessment of such practices on the exports of the United States.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 2511 — Short title

This Act may be cited as the “Trade Agreements Act of 1979”.

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19 U.S.C. § 2512 — Purposes

The purposes of this Act are— (1) to approve and implement the trade agreements negotiated under the Trade Act of 1974 [[19 U.S.C. 2101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]; (2) to foster the growth and maintenance of an open world trading system; (3) to expand opportunities for the commerce of the United States in international trade; and (4) to improve the rules of international trade and to provide for the enforcement of such rules, and for other purposes.

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19 U.S.C. § 2171 — Prerequisites for offers

**(a)** In any negotiation seeking an agreement under [section 2133 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2133&num=0&edition=prelim) or [section 4202 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4202&num=0&edition=prelim), the President may make a formal offer for the modification or continuance of any United States duty, import restrictions, or barriers to (or other distortions of) international trade, the continuance of United States duty-free or excise treatment, or the imposition of additional duties, import restrictions, or other barrier to (or other distortion of) international trade including trade in services, foreign direct investment and intellectual property as covered by this subchapter, with respect to any article or matter only after he has received a summary of the hearings at which an opportunity to be heard with respect to such article has been afforded under [section 2153 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2153&num=0&edition=prelim). In addition, the President may make an offer for the modification or continuance of any United States duty, the continuance of United States duty-free or excise treatment, or the imposition of additional duties, with respect to any article included in a list published and furnished under [section 2151(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2151/a&num=0&edition=prelim), only after he has received advice concerning such article from the Commission under [section 2151(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2151/b&num=0&edition=prelim), or after the expiration of the

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 1001 — Statements or entries generally

**(a)** Except as otherwise provided in this section, whoever, in any matter within the jurisdiction of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Government of the United States, knowingly and willfully— (1) falsifies, conceals, or covers up by any trick, scheme, or device a material fact; (2) makes any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation; or (3) makes or uses any false writing or document knowing the same to contain any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or entry; shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years or, if the offense involves international or domestic terrorism (as defined in section 2331), imprisoned not more than 8 years, or both. If the matter relates to an offense under chapter 109A, 109B, 110, or 117, or section 1591, then the term of imprisonment imposed under this section shall be not more than 8 years. **(b)** Subsection (a) does not apply to a party to a judicial proceeding, or that party’s counsel, for statements, representations, writings or documents submitted by such party or counsel to a judge or magistrate in that proceeding. **(c)** With respect to any matter within the jurisdiction of the legislative branch, subsection (a) shall apply only to— (1) administrative matters, including a claim for payment, a matter related to the procurement of property or services, personnel or employment practices, or support services, or a document required by law, rule, or regulation to be submitted to the Congress or any office or officer within the legislative branch; or (2) any investigation or review, conducted pursuant to the authority of any committee, subcommittee, commission or office of the Congress, consistent with applicable rules of the House or Senate.

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19 U.S.C. § 2543 — Federal standards-related activities

No Federal agency may engage in any standards-related activity that creates unnecessary obstacles to the foreign commerce of the United States, including, but not limited to, standards-related activities that violate any of the following requirements: (1) **Nondiscriminatory treatment** — Each Federal agency shall ensure, in applying standards-related activities with respect to any imported product, that such product is treated no less favorably than are like domestic or imported products, including, but not limited to, when applying tests or test methods, no less favorable treatment with respect to— (A) the acceptance of the product for testing in comparable situations; (B) the administration of the tests in comparable situations; (C) the fees charged for tests; (D) the release of test results to the exporter, importer, or agents; (E) the siting of testing facilities and the selection of samples for testing; and (F) the treatment of confidential information pertaining to the product. (2) **Use of international standards** (A) *In general* — Except as provided in subparagraph (B)(ii), each Federal agency, in developing standards, shall take into consideration international standards and shall, if appropriate, base the standards on international standards. (B) *Application of requirement* — For purposes of this paragraph, the following apply: (i) *International standards not appropriate* — The reasons for which the basing of a standard on an international standard may not be appropriate include, but are not limited to, the following: (I) National security requirements. (II) The prevention of deceptive practices. (III) The protection of human health or safety, animal or plant life or health, or the environment. (I

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19 U.S.C. § 2551 — Standards information center

**(a) Establishment** The Secretary of Commerce shall maintain within the Department of Commerce a standards information center. **(b) Functions** The standards information center shall— (1) serve as the central national collection facility for information relating to (A) standards, technical regulations, conformity assessment procedures, and standards-related activities, whether such standards, technical regulations, conformity assessment procedures, or activities are public or private, domestic or foreign, or international, regional, national, or local and (B) the membership and participation of Federal, State, or local government bodies or private bodies in the United States in international and regional standardizing bodies and conformity assessment systems, as well as in bilateral and multilateral arrangements concerning standards-related activities; (2) make available to the public at such reasonable fee as the Secretary shall prescribe, copies of information required to be collected under paragraph (1) other than information to which paragraph (3) applies; (3) use its best efforts to make available to the public, at such reasonable fees as the Secretary shall prescribe, copies of information required to be collected under paragraph (1) that is of private origin, on a cooperative basis with the private individual or entity, foreign or domestic, who holds the copyright on the information; (4) in case of such information that is of foreign origin, provide, at such reasonable fee as the Secretary shall prescribe, such translation services as may be necessary; (5) serve as the inquiry point for requests for information regarding standards-related activities, whether adopted or proposed, within the United States, except that in carrying out this paragraph, the Se

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 2575a — Definitions

As used in this subchapter— (1) **Agreement** — The term “Agreement” means the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade referred to in [section 3511(d)(5) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3511/d/5&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) **Conformity assessment procedure** — The term “conformity assessment procedure” means any procedure used, directly or indirectly, to determine that relevant requirements in technical regulations or standards are fulfilled. (3) **Federal agency** — The term “Federal agency” means any of the following within the meaning of chapter 2 of part I of title 5: (A) Any executive department. (B) Any military department. (C) Any Government corporation. (D) Any Government-controlled corporation. (E) Any independent establishment. (4) **International conformity assessment procedure** — The term “international conformity assessment procedure” means a conformity assessment procedure that is adopted by an international standards organization. (5) **International standard** — The term “international standard” means any standard that is promulgated by an international standards organization. (6) **International standards organization** — The term “international standards organization” means any organization— (A) the membership of which is open to representatives, whether public or private, of the United States and at least all Members; and (B) that is engaged in international standards-related activities. (7) **International standards-related activity** — The term “international standards-related activity” means the negotiation, development, or promulgation of, or any amendment or change to, an international standard, or an international conformity assessment procedure, or both. (8

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19 U.S.C. § 2576 — Reports to Congress on operation of agreement

As soon as practicable after the close of the 3-year period beginning on the date on which this subchapter takes effect, and as soon as practicable after the close of each succeeding 3-year period through 2001, the Trade Representative shall prepare and submit to Congress a report containing an evaluation of the operation of the Agreement, both domestically and internationally, during the period.

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19 U.S.C. § 2531 — Certain standards-related activities

Page 744 TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES § 2531 ernment of Israel enters into force, but for the SDR 150,000 threshold provided for in article I(1)(b) of the Agreement on Government Procurement.’’ Par. (4)(D). Pub. L. 103–465, § 342(f)(2)(B), substituted ‘‘the Agreement (as defined in paragraph (1)), but for the thresholds provided for in the Agreement.’’ for ‘‘GATT Agreement on Government Procurement, but for the SDR threshold provided for in article I(1)(b) of the GATT Agreement on Government Procurement.’’ 1993—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 103–182 amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as fol- lows: ‘‘The term ‘eligible product’ means, with respect to any foreign country or instrumentality, a product or service of that country or instrumentality which is covered under the Agreement for procurement by the United States.’’ 1988—Par. (4)(D). Pub. L. 100–449 temporarily added subpar. (D). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendment note below. 1985—Par. (4)(C). Pub. L. 99–47 added subpar. (C). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2020 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 116–113 effective on the date on which the USMCA enters into force (July 1, 2020) and applicable with respect to a procurement on or after that date, see section 505(c) of Pub. L. 116–113, set out as a note under section 2511 of this title. EFFECTIVE AND TERMINATION DATES OF 2011 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 112–43 effective Oct. 21, 2011, applicable with respect to Panama on the date the United States–Panama Trade Promotion Agreement enters into force (Oct. 31, 2012), and to cease to be effec- tive on the date the Agreement terminates, see section 107(b), (c) of Pub. L. 112–43, set out in a note under sec- tion 3805 of this title. Ame

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