19 U.S.C. § 2101 — Short title

Page 475 TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES § 2101 Sec. 2492. Tariff treatment of products of uncooperative major drug producing or drug-transit coun- tries. 2493. Sugar quota. 2494. Progress reports. 2495. Definitions. SUBCHAPTER VIII—SUPPLEMENTAL AGRICULTURAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE 2497. Supplemental agricultural disaster assist- ance. 2497a. Agricultural Disaster Relief Trust Fund. 2497b. Jurisdiction. § 2101. Short title This chapter may be cited as the ‘‘Trade Act of 1974’’. (Pub. L. 93–618, § 1, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 1978.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 93–618, which in addition to enacting this chapter enacted section 1863 of this title, amended sections 160, 162, 163, 164, 170a, 1202, 1303, 1315, 1321, 1330, 1332, 1333, 1337, 1352, 1484, 1516, 1806, 1862, 1872, 1885, and 1981 of this title, sections 5312, 5314, 5315, and 5316 of Title 5, Government Organization and Em- ployees, section 301 of Title 13, Census, section 3302 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, sections 2631 and 2632 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and sec- tion 665 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, re- pealed sections 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1822, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1861, 1871, 1873, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1886, 1901, 1902, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1931, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1951, 1952, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1991 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 160, 162, 1303, 1321, 1337, 1484, 1515, 1516, 1901, and 2271 of this title and section 301 of Title 13, Census. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries REFERENCES TO OTHER LAWS DEEMED REFERENCES TO TRADE ACT OF 1974 Pub. L. 93–618, title VI, § 602(f), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2072, as amended by Pub. L. 96–39, title XI, § 1106(h)(3), July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 313, provided that: ‘‘All provisions of law (other than this Act [this chapter], the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 [chapter 7 of this title], and the Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1951 [see Short Title of 1951 Amendment note set out under section 1654 of this title]), in effect after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 3, 1975], referring to section 350 of the Tariff Act of 1930 [section 1351 of this title], to that sec- tion as amended, to the Act entitled ‘An Act to amend the Tariff Act of 1930,’ approved June 12, 1934 [enacting sections 1352, 1353, and 1354 and amending section 1351 of this title], to that Act as amended or to the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, or to agreements entered into, or proclamations issued, or actions taken under any of such provisions, shall be construed, unless clearly pre- cluded by the context, to refer also to this Act, or to agreements entered into or proclamations or orders issued pursuant to this Act.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2022 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 117–110, § 1, Apr. 8, 2022, 136 Stat. 1159, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2434 of this title and amending provisions formerly set out as a note under section 2656 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse] may be cited as the ‘Suspending Normal Trade Relations with Russia and Belarus Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2015 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 114–27, § 1(a), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 362, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015’.’’ Pub. L. 114–27, title IV, § 401, June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 373, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classifica- tion] may be cited as the ‘Trade Adjustment Assistance Reauthorization Act of 2015’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2012 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 112–208, § 1(a), Dec. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 1496, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 2241 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sec- tion 2434 of this title and section 5811 of Title 22, For- eign Relations and Intercourse] may be cited as the ‘Russia and Moldova Jackson-Vanik Repeal and Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2011 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 112–40, title II, § 200(a), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 402, provided that: ‘‘This title [see Tables for classifica- tion] may be cited as the ‘Trade Adjustment Assistance Extension Act of 2011’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2010 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 111–344, § 1(a), Dec. 29, 2010, 124 Stat. 3611, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 58c, 2296, 2317, 2318, 2345, 2371d to 2371f, 2372, 2373, 2373a, 2401g, 3202, 3203, and 3206 of this title, sections 35, 4980B, 7527, and 9801 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, sections 1162, 1181, and 2918 of Title 29, Labor, and sections 300bb–2 and 300gg of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title and notes under sections 35, 4980B, 6655, 7527, and 9801 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes preceding section 2271 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Omnibus Trade Act of 2010’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2009 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, § 1800, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 367, provided that: ‘‘This subtitle [subtitle I (§§ 1800–1899L) of title I of div. B of Pub. L. 111–5, enact- ing part 4 (§ 2371 et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter and sections 2295a, 2322, 2323, 2344, 2345, 2356, and 2397a of this title, amending sections 2271 to 2275, 2291 to 2295, 2296 to 2298, 2311, 2315 to 2321, 2341, 2343, 2348 to 2352, 2354, 2355, 2393, 2395, 2401 to 2401b, and 2401e to 2401g of this title, sections 35, 4980B, 7527, and 9801 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 1581 of Title 28, Judici- ary and Judicial Procedure, sections 1162, 1181, 2918, and 2919 of Title 29, Labor, and sections 300bb–2 and 300gg of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing former sections 2344 to 2347 of this title, enacting provi- sions set out as notes preceding section 2271 and under sections 2271, 2295a, 2296, 2323, 2344, 2371, and 2393 of this title and sections 1, 35, 4980B, 7527, and 9801 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Trade and Globalization Adjustment Assistance Act of 2009’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 107–210, div. A, § 101, Aug. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 935, provided that: ‘‘This division [enacting part 6 of sub- chapter II of this chapter, sections 1431a, 1583, and 2318 of this title, sections 35, 6050T, and 7527 of Title 26, In- ternal Revenue Code, and section 300gg–45 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 58c, 482, 1318, 1330, 1411, 1505, 1509, 2075, 2171, 2271 to 2273, 2275, 2291, 2293, 2295 to 2298, 2317, 2346, and 2395 of this title, sections 4980B, 6103, 6724, and 7213A of Title 26, sections 1165, 2862, 2918, and 2919 of Title 29, Labor, section 1324 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and section 300bb–5 of Title 42, renumbering section 35 of Title 26 as section 36 of Title 26, repealing sections 2318, 2322, and 2331 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes preceding section 2271 and under sections 58c, 482, 1583, 1625, 1654, 2071, 2075, 2082, 2251, 2271, 2331, and 2401 of this title, sec- tions 35 and 6050T of Title 26, and section 2918 of Title 29, and amending provisions set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Trade Ad- justment Assistance Reform Act of 2002’.’’ Page 476 TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES § 2102 1 So in original. SHORT TITLE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1951, Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1917, provided that: ‘‘This subtitle [subtitle J (§§ 1951–1954) of title I of Pub. L. 104–188, enacting sec- tions 2461 to 2467 of this title, amending sections 2702, 3011, 3202, 3331, and 3551 of this title, section 1444–2 of Title 7, Agriculture, section 4711 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 262p–4p and 2191a of Title 22, For- eign Relations and Intercourse, and section 871 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2461 of this title] may be cited as the ‘GSP Renewal Act of 1996’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1993 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 103–182, title V, § 501, Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2149, which provided that subtitle A of title V of Pub. L. 103–282 could be cited as the ‘‘NAFTA Worker Secu- rity Act’’, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–113, title VI, § 601, Jan. 29, 2020, 134 Stat. 78, effective on the date the USMCA entered into force (July 1, 2020). SHORT TITLE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 101–382, § 1(a), Aug. 20, 1990, 104 Stat. 629, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Customs and Trade Act of 1990’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1989 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 101–221, § 1, Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1886, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 4611 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2253 and 2703 of this title and section 4611 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 2253 and 2703 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Steel Trade Liberalization Program Im- plementation Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1986 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 99–272, title XIII, § 13001, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 300, provided that: ‘‘This part [part 1 (§§ 13001–13009) of subtitle A, amending sections 2271, 2272, 2291 to 2293, 2296, 2297, 2311, 2317, 2319, 2341 to 2344, and 2346 of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under sec- tion 2291 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Trade Adjustment Assistance Reform and Extension Act of 1986’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1984 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 98–573, title III, § 301(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3000, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting sections 2114a to 2114e, 2138, and 2241 of this title, amending sections 2112, 2114, 2155, 2171, and 2411 to 2415 of this title and sections 3101 to 3104 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 2102 of this title and section 3101 of Title 22] may be cited as the ‘International Trade and Invest- ment Act’.’’ Pub. L. 98–573, title V, § 501(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3018, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting section 2466 of this title, amending sections 2461 to 2465 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 2461 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Generalized Sys- tem of Preferences Renewal Act of 1984’.’’ SEPARABILITY Pub. L. 93–618, title VI, § 605, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2073, provided that: ‘‘If any provision of this Act [see Ref- erences in Text note above], or the application of any provision to any circumstances or persons shall be held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this Act, and of the application of such provision to other cir- cumstances or persons, shall not be affected thereby.’’ § 2102. Congressional statement of purpose The purposes of this chapter are, through trade agreements affording mutual benefits— (1) to foster the economic growth of and full employment in the United States and to strengthen economic relations between the United States and foreign countries through open and nondiscriminatory world trade; (2) to harmonize, reduce, and eliminate bar- riers to trade on a basis which assures sub- stantially equivalent competitive opportuni- ties for the commerce of the United States; (3) to establish fairness and equity in inter- national trading relations, including reform of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; (4) to provide adequate procedures to safe- guard American industry and labor against unfair or injurious import competition, and to assist industries, firm,1 workers, and commu- nities to adjust to changes in international trade flows; (5) to open up market opportunities for United States commerce in nonmarket econo- mies; and (6) to provide fair and reasonable access to products of less developed countries in the United States market. (Pub. L. 93–618, § 2, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 1981.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 93–618, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 1978, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Ref- erences in Text note set out under section 2101 of this title and Tables. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries STATEMENT OF PURPOSES OF 1984 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 98–573, title III, § 302, Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3000, provided that: ‘‘The purposes of this title [see Short Title of 1984 Amendment note set out under sec- tion 2101 of this title] are— ‘‘(1) to foster the economic growth of, and full em- ployment in, the United States by expanding com- petitive United States exports through the achieve- ment of commercial opportunities in foreign markets substantially equivalent to those accorded by the United States; ‘‘(2) to improve the ability of the President— ‘‘(A) to identify and to analyze barriers to (and restrictions on) United States trade and invest- ment, and ‘‘(B) to achieve the elimination of such barriers and restrictions; ‘‘(3) to encourage the expansion of— ‘‘(A) international trade in services through the negotiation of agreements (both bilateral and mul- tilateral) which reduce or eliminate barriers to international trade in services, and ‘‘(B) United States service industries in foreign commerce; and ‘‘(4) to enhance the free flow of foreign direct in- vestment through the negotiation of agreements (both bilateral and multilateral) which reduce or eliminate the trade distortive effects of certain in- vestment-related measures.’’