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22 U.S.C. § 9546 — Ukranian energy security
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Statement of policy** It is the policy of the United States—
(1) to support the Government of Ukraine in restoring its sovereign and territorial integrity;
(2) to condemn and oppose all of the destabilizing efforts by the Government of the Russian Federation in Ukraine in violation of its obligations and international commitments;
(3) to never recognize the illegal annexation of Crimea by the Government of the Russian Federation or the separation of any portion of Ukrainian territory through the use of military force;
(4) to deter the Government of the Russian Federation from further destabilizing and invading Ukraine and other independent countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the Caucuses; 11 So in original. Probably should be “Caucasus;”.
(5) to assist in promoting reform in regulatory oversight and operations in Ukraine’s energy sector, including the establishment and empowerment of an independent regulatory organization;
(6) to encourage and support fair competition, market liberalization, and reliability in Ukraine’s energy sector;
(7) to help Ukraine and United States allies and partners in Europe reduce their dependence on Russian energy resources, especially natural gas, which the Government of the Russian Federation uses as a weapon to coerce, intimidate, and influence other countries;
(8) to work with European Union member states and European Union institutions to promote energy security through developing diversified and liberalized energy markets that provide diversified sources, suppliers, and routes;
(9) to continue to oppose the NordStream 2 pipeline given its detrimental impacts on the European Union’s energy security, gas market development in Central and Eastern Europe, and energy reforms in Ukraine; and
(10) that the United State
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 102, § 9546; chapter-102-countering-russian-influence-in-europe-and-eurasia.md
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**(a) Statement of policy** It is the policy of the United States—
(1) to support the Government of Ukraine in restoring its sovereign and territorial integrity;
(2) to condemn and oppose all of the destabilizing efforts by the Government of the Russian Federation in Ukraine in violation of its obligations and international commitments;
(3) to never recognize the illegal annexation of Crimea by the Government of the Russian Federation or the separation of any portion of Ukrainian territory through the use of military force;
(4) to deter the Government of the Russian Federation from further destabilizing and invading Ukraine and other independent countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the Caucuses; 11 So in original. Probably should be “Caucasus;”.
(5) to assist in promoting reform in regulatory oversight and operations in Ukraine’s energy sector, including the establishment and empowerment of an independent regulatory organization;
(6) to encourage and support fair competition, market liberalization, and reliability in Ukraine’s energy sector;
(7) to help Ukraine and United States allies and partners in Europe reduce their dependence on Russian energy resources, especially natural gas, which the Government of the Russian Federation uses as a weapon to coerce, intimidate, and influence other countries;
(8) to work with European Union member states and European Union institutions to promote energy security through developing diversified and liberalized energy markets that provide diversified sources, suppliers, and routes;
(9) to continue to oppose the NordStream 2 pipeline given its detrimental impacts on the European Union’s energy security, gas market development in Central and Eastern Europe, and energy reforms in Ukraine; and
(10) that the United States Government should prioritize the export of United States energy resources in order to create American jobs, help United States allies and partners, and strengthen United States foreign policy.
**(b) Plan to promote energy security in Ukraine**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development and the Secretary of Energy, shall work with the Government of Ukraine to develop a plan to increase energy security in Ukraine, increase the amount of energy produced in Ukraine, and reduce Ukraine’s reliance on energy imports from the Russian Federation.
(2) **Elements** — The plan developed under paragraph (1) shall include strategies for market liberalization, effective regulation and oversight, supply diversification, energy reliability, and energy efficiency, such as through supporting—
(A) the promotion of advanced technology and modern operating practices in Ukraine’s oil and gas sector;
(B) modern geophysical and meteorological survey work as needed followed by international tenders to help attract qualified investment into exploration and development of areas with untapped resources in Ukraine;
(C) a broadening of Ukraine’s electric power transmission interconnection with Europe;
(D) the strengthening of Ukraine’s capability to maintain electric power grid stability and reliability;
(E) independent regulatory oversight and operations of Ukraine’s gas market and electricity sector;
(F) the implementation of primary gas law including pricing, tariff structure, and legal regulatory implementation;
(G) privatization of government owned energy companies through credible legal frameworks and a transparent process compliant with international best practices;
(H) procurement and transport of emergency fuel supplies, including reverse pipeline flows from Europe;
(I) provision of technical assistance for crisis planning, crisis response, and public outreach;
(J) repair of infrastructure to enable the transport of fuel supplies;
(K) repair of power generating or power transmission equipment or facilities; and
(L) improved building energy efficiency and other measures designed to reduce energy demand in Ukraine.
(3) **Reports**
(A) *Implementation of Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 [[22 U.S.C. 8921](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section8921&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] provisions* — Not later than 180 days after August 2, 2017, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report detailing the status of implementing the provisions required under section 7(c) of the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 ([22 U.S.C. 8926(c)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section8926/c&num=0&edition=prelim)), including detailing the plans required under that section, the level of funding that has been allocated to and expended for the strategies set forth under that section, and progress that has been made in implementing the strategies developed pursuant to that section.
(B) *In general* — Not later than 180 days after August 2, 2017, and every 180 days thereafter, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report detailing the plan developed under paragraph (1), the level of funding that has been allocated to and expended for the strategies set forth in paragraph (2), and progress that has been made in implementing the strategies.
(C) *Briefings* — The Secretary of State, or a designee of the Secretary, shall brief the appropriate congressional committees not later than 30 days after the submission of each report under subparagraph (B). In addition, the Department of State shall make relevant officials available upon request to brief the appropriate congressional committees on all available information that relates directly or indirectly to Ukraine or energy security in Eastern Europe.
(D) *Appropriate congressional committees defined* — In this paragraph, the term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
(i) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(ii) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
**(c) Supporting efforts of countries in Europe and Eurasia to decrease their dependence on Russian sources of energy**
(1) **Findings** — Congress makes the following findings:
(A) The Government of the Russian Federation uses its strong position in the energy sector as leverage to manipulate the internal politics and foreign relations of the countries of Europe and Eurasia.
(B) This influence is based not only on the Russian Federation’s oil and natural gas resources, but also on its state-owned nuclear power and electricity companies.
(2) **Sense of Congress** — It is the sense of Congress that—
(A) the United States should assist the efforts of the countries of Europe and Eurasia to enhance their energy security through diversification of energy supplies in order to lessen dependencies on Russian Federation energy resources and state-owned entities; and
(B) the Export-Import Bank of the United States and the United States International Development Finance Corporation should play key roles in supporting critical energy projects that contribute to that goal.
(3) **Use of Countering Russian Influence Fund to provide technical assistance** — Amounts in the Countering Russian Influence Fund pursuant to [section 9543 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9543&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be used to provide technical advice to countries described in subsection (b)(1) of such section designed to enhance energy security and lessen dependence on energy from Russian Federation sources.
**(d) Authorization of appropriations** There is authorized to be appropriated for the Department of State a total of $30,000,000 for fiscal years 2018 and 2019 to carry out the strategies set forth in subsection (b)(2) and other activities under this section related to the promotion of energy security in Ukraine.
**(e) Rule of construction** Nothing in this section shall be construed as affecting the responsibilities required and authorities provided under section 7 of the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 ([22 U.S.C. 8926](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section8926&num=0&edition=prelim)).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Subsections (g), (l), (m), and (n) of [section 2197 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2197&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply with respect to the Corporation to the same extent and in the same manner as such subsections applied with respect to the Overseas Private Investment Corporation on the day before October 5, 2018.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 9681
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Account; correspondent account; payable-through account** — The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in [section 5318A of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section5318A&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.
(3) **Defense article; defense service; training** — The terms “defense article”, “defense service”, and “training” have the meanings given those terms in [section 2794 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2794&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Financial institution** — The term “financial institution” means a financial institution specified in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), (M), or (Z) of [section 5312(a)(2) of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section5312/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Foreign financial institution** — The term “foreign financial institution” has the meaning given that term in section 561.308 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).
(6) **Foreign person** — The term “foreign person” means any individual or entity that is not a United States citizen, a permanent resident alien, or an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States.
(7) **Knowingly** — The term “knowin
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 8921
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Social security benefits and tier I railroad retirement benefits** Benefits payable under the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance program established under title II of the Social Security Act ([42 U.S.C. 401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), and benefits payable under sections 231b and 231c 11 See References in Text note below. of title 45, shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter.
**(b) Veterans programs** The following programs shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter: All programs administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Special benefits for certain World War II veterans (28–0401–0–1–701).
**(c) Net interest** No reduction of payments for net interest (all of major functional category 900) shall be made under any order issued under this subchapter.
**(d) Refundable income tax credits and certain elective payments**
(1) **Refundable income tax credits** — Payments to individuals made pursuant to provisions of title 26 establishing refundable tax credits shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter.
(2) **Certain elective payments** — Payments made to taxpayers pursuant to elections under subsection (d) of [section 48D of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section48D&num=0&edition=prelim), or amounts treated as payments which are made by taxpayers under paragraph (1) of such subsection, shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter.
**(e) Non-defense unobligated balances** Unobligated balances of budget authority carried over from prior fiscal years, except balances in the defense categor
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 905
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Assistance to internally displaced people in Ukraine**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 30 days after December 18, 2014, the Secretary of State shall submit a plan, including actions by the United States Government, other governments, and international organizations, to meet the need for protection of and assistance for internally displaced persons in Ukraine, to—
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.
(2) **Elements** — The plan required by paragraph (1) should include, as appropriate, activities in support of—
(A) helping to establish a functional and adequately resourced central registration system in Ukraine that can ensure coordination of efforts to provide assistance to internally displaced persons in different regions;
(B) encouraging adoption of legislation in Ukraine that protects internally displaced persons from discrimination based on their status and provides simplified procedures for obtaining the new residency registration or other official documentation that is a prerequisite to receiving appropriate social payments under the laws of Ukraine, such as pensions and disability, child, and unemployment benefits; and
(C) helping to ensure that information is available to internally displaced persons about—
(i) government agencies and independent groups that can provide assistance to such persons in various regions; and
(ii) evacuation assistance available to persons seeking to flee armed conflict areas.
(3) **Assistance through international organizations** — The President shall
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 8926
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated for the Countering Russian Influence Fund $250,000,000 for fiscal years 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023.
**(b) Use of funds** Amounts in the Countering Russian Influence Fund shall be used to effectively implement, prioritized in the following order and subject to the availability of funds, the following goals:
(1) To assist in protecting critical infrastructure and electoral mechanisms from cyberattacks in the following countries:
(A) Countries that are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or the European Union that the Secretary of State determines—
(i) are vulnerable to influence by the Russian Federation; and
(ii) lack the economic capability to effectively respond to aggression by the Russian Federation without the support of the United States.
(B) Countries that are participating in the enlargement process of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or the European Union, including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Macedonia, Moldova, Kosovo, Serbia, and Ukraine.
(2) To combat corruption, improve the rule of law, and otherwise strengthen independent judiciaries and prosecutors general offices in the countries described in paragraph (1).
(3) To respond to the humanitarian crises and instability caused or aggravated by the invasions and occupations of Georgia and Ukraine by the Russian Federation.
(4) To improve participatory legislative processes and legal education, political transparency and competition, and compliance with international obligations in the countries described in paragraph (1).
(5) To build the capacity of civil society, media, and other nongovernmental organizations countering the influence and propaganda of the Russian Federation t
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 9543
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2165
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 8923
Sec.
8927.
Expanded broadcasting in countries of the
former Soviet Union.
8928.
Support for Russian democracy and civil soci-
ety organizations.
8929.
Report on non-compliance by the Russian
Federation of its obligations under the INF
Treaty.
8930.
Rule of construction.
§ 8921. Definitions
In this chapter:
(1) Account; correspondent account; payable-
through account
The terms ‘‘account’’, ‘‘correspondent ac-
count’’, and ‘‘payable-through account’’ have
the meanings given those terms in section
5318A of title 31.
(2) Appropriate congressional committees
The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means—
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations
and the Committee on Banking, Housing,
and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and
the Committee on Financial Services of the
House of Representatives.
(3) Defense article; defense service; training
The terms ‘‘defense article’’, ‘‘defense serv-
ice’’, and ‘‘training’’ have the meanings given
those terms in section 2794 of this title.
(4) Financial institution
The term ‘‘financial institution’’ means a fi-
nancial institution specified in subparagraph
(A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), (M),
or (Z) of section 5312(a)(2) of title 31.
(5) Foreign financial institution
The term ‘‘foreign financial institution’’ has
the meaning given that term in section 561.308
of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any
corresponding similar regulation or ruling).
(6) Foreign person
The term ‘‘foreign person’’ means any indi-
vidual or entity that is not a United States
citizen, a permanent resident alien, or an enti-
ty organized under the laws of the United
States or any jurisdiction within
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 8921
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2172
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 8926
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
By the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and the laws of the United States of
America, including section 301 of title 3, United States
Code, I hereby order as follows:
I hereby delegate to the Secretary of State the au-
thority to prepare and submit to the Congress the re-
ports and strategies required by subsections 6(b), 7(d),
9(c), and 10(c) of the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of
2014 (Public Law 113–272) (the ‘‘Act’’).
Any reference in this memorandum to the Act shall
be deemed to be a reference to any future Act that is
the same or substantially the same as such provision.
BARACK OBAMA.
§ 8926.
Expanded nonmilitary assistance for
Ukraine
(a) Assistance to internally displaced people in
Ukraine
(1) In general
Not later than 30 days after December 18,
2014, the Secretary of State shall submit a
plan, including actions by the United States
Government, other governments, and inter-
national organizations, to meet the need for
protection of and assistance for internally dis-
placed persons in Ukraine, to—
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations,
the Committee on Appropriations, and the
Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the
Committee on Appropriations, and the Com-
mittee on Energy and Commerce of the
House of Representatives.
(2) Elements
The plan required by paragraph (1) should in-
clude, as appropriate, activities in support of—
(A) helping to establish a functional and
adequately resourced central registration
system in Ukraine that can ensure coordina-
tion of efforts to provide assistance to inter-
nally displaced persons in different regions;
(B) enc
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 8926
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 8926. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2266
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 9546
1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘Caucasus;’’.
to the appropriate congressional committees
and leadership a report on funds provided by, or
funds the use of which was directed by, the Gov-
ernment of the Russian Federation or any Rus-
sian person with the intention of influencing the
outcome of any election or campaign in any
country in Europe or Eurasia during the pre-
ceding year, including through direct support to
any political party, candidate, lobbying cam-
paign, nongovernmental organization, or civic
organization.
(b) Form of report
Each report required by subsection (a) shall be
submitted in unclassified form but may include
a classified annex.
(c) Definitions
In this section:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees and
leadership
The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees and leadership’’ means—
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations,
the Committee on Banking, Housing, and
Urban Affairs, the Committee on Armed
Services, the Committee on Homeland Secu-
rity and Governmental Affairs, the Com-
mittee on Appropriations, the Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence, and the majority and
minority leaders of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the
Committee on Financial Services, the Com-
mittee on Armed Services, the Committee
on Homeland Security, the Committee on
Appropriations, the Permanent Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence, and the Speaker, the
majority leader, and the minority leader of
the House of Representatives.
(2) Russian person
The term ‘‘Russian person’’ means—
(A) an individual who is a citizen or na-
tional of the Russian Federation; or
(B) an entity organized under the laws of
the Russian Federation or otherwise subject
to the jurisdi
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 9546
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