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22 U.S.C. § 9543 — Coordinating aid and assistance across Europe and Eurasia
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated for the Countering Russian Influence Fund $250,000,000 for fiscal years 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023.
**(b) Use of funds** Amounts in the Countering Russian Influence Fund shall be used to effectively implement, prioritized in the following order and subject to the availability of funds, the following goals:
(1) To assist in protecting critical infrastructure and electoral mechanisms from cyberattacks in the following countries:
(A) Countries that are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or the European Union that the Secretary of State determines—
(i) are vulnerable to influence by the Russian Federation; and
(ii) lack the economic capability to effectively respond to aggression by the Russian Federation without the support of the United States.
(B) Countries that are participating in the enlargement process of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or the European Union, including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Macedonia, Moldova, Kosovo, Serbia, and Ukraine.
(2) To combat corruption, improve the rule of law, and otherwise strengthen independent judiciaries and prosecutors general offices in the countries described in paragraph (1).
(3) To respond to the humanitarian crises and instability caused or aggravated by the invasions and occupations of Georgia and Ukraine by the Russian Federation.
(4) To improve participatory legislative processes and legal education, political transparency and competition, and compliance with international obligations in the countries described in paragraph (1).
(5) To build the capacity of civil society, media, and other nongovernmental organizations countering the influence and propaganda of the Russian Federation t
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 102, § 9543; chapter-102-countering-russian-influence-in-europe-and-eurasia.md
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**(a) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated for the Countering Russian Influence Fund $250,000,000 for fiscal years 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023.
**(b) Use of funds** Amounts in the Countering Russian Influence Fund shall be used to effectively implement, prioritized in the following order and subject to the availability of funds, the following goals:
(1) To assist in protecting critical infrastructure and electoral mechanisms from cyberattacks in the following countries:
(A) Countries that are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or the European Union that the Secretary of State determines—
(i) are vulnerable to influence by the Russian Federation; and
(ii) lack the economic capability to effectively respond to aggression by the Russian Federation without the support of the United States.
(B) Countries that are participating in the enlargement process of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or the European Union, including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Macedonia, Moldova, Kosovo, Serbia, and Ukraine.
(2) To combat corruption, improve the rule of law, and otherwise strengthen independent judiciaries and prosecutors general offices in the countries described in paragraph (1).
(3) To respond to the humanitarian crises and instability caused or aggravated by the invasions and occupations of Georgia and Ukraine by the Russian Federation.
(4) To improve participatory legislative processes and legal education, political transparency and competition, and compliance with international obligations in the countries described in paragraph (1).
(5) To build the capacity of civil society, media, and other nongovernmental organizations countering the influence and propaganda of the Russian Federation to combat corruption, prioritize access to truthful information, and operate freely in all regions in the countries described in paragraph (1).
(6) To assist the Secretary of State in executing the functions specified in section 1287(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; [22 U.S.C. 2656](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2656&num=0&edition=prelim) note) for the purposes of recognizing, understanding, exposing, and countering propaganda and disinformation efforts by foreign governments, in coordination with the relevant regional Assistant Secretary or Assistant Secretaries of the Department of State.
(7) To assist United States agencies that operate under the foreign policy guidance of the Secretary of State in providing assistance under [section 9563 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9563&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Revision of activities for which amounts may be used** The Secretary of State may modify the goals described in subsection (b) if, not later than 15 days before revising such a goal, the Secretary notifies the appropriate congressional committees of the revision.
**(d) Implementation**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary of State shall, acting through the Coordinator of United States Assistance to Europe and Eurasia (authorized pursuant to [section 5461 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5461&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 5812 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5812&num=0&edition=prelim)), and in consultation with the Administrator for the United States Agency for International Development, the Director of the Global Engagement Center of the Department of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of the Broadcasting Board of Governors, and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, coordinate and carry out activities to achieve the goals described in subsection (b).
(2) **Method** — Activities to achieve the goals described in subsection (b) shall be carried out through—
(A) initiatives of the United States Government;
(B) Federal grant programs such as the Information Access Fund; or
(C) nongovernmental or international organizations, such as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the National Endowment for Democracy, the Black Sea Trust, the Balkan Trust for Democracy, the Prague Civil Society Centre, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence, the European Endowment for Democracy, and related organizations.
(3) **Report on implementation**
(A) *In general* — Not later than April 1 of each year, the Secretary of State, acting through the Coordinator of United States Assistance to Europe and Eurasia, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the programs and activities carried out to achieve the goals described in subsection (b) during the preceding fiscal year.
(B) *Elements* — Each report required by subparagraph (A) shall include, with respect to each program or activity described in that subparagraph—
(i) the amount of funding for the program or activity;
(ii) the goal described in subsection (b) to which the program or activity relates; and
(iii) an assessment of whether or not the goal was met.
**(e) Coordination With global partners**
(1) **In general** — In order to maximize cost efficiency, eliminate duplication, and speed the achievement of the goals described in subsection (b), the Secretary of State shall ensure coordination with—
(A) the European Union and its institutions;
(B) the governments of countries that are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or the European Union; and
(C) international organizations and quasi-governmental funding entities that carry out programs and activities that seek to accomplish the goals described in subsection (b).
(2) **Report by Secretary of State** — Not later than April 1 of each year, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes—
(A) the amount of funding provided to each country referred to in subsection (b) by—
(i) the European Union or its institutions;
(ii) the government of each country that is a member of the European Union or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; and
(iii) international organizations and quasi-governmental funding entities that carry out programs and activities that seek to accomplish the goals described in subsection (b); and
(B) an assessment of whether the funding described in subparagraph (A) is commensurate with funding provided by the United States for those goals.
**(f) Rule of construction** Nothing in this section shall be construed to apply to or limit United States foreign assistance not provided using amounts available in the Countering Russian Influence Fund.
**(g) Ensuring adequate staffing for governance activities** In order to ensure that the United States Government is properly focused on combating corruption, improving rule of law, and building the capacity of civil society, media, and other nongovernmental organizations in countries described in subsection (b)(1), the Secretary of State shall establish a pilot program for Foreign Service officer positions focused on governance and anticorruption activities in such countries.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** In pursuing the policy described in [section 9562 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9562&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the heads of other relevant United States agencies, shall, as appropriate, prioritize and expedite the efforts of the Department of State and those agencies in supporting the efforts of the European Commission and the governments of European and Eurasian countries to increase their energy security, including through—
(1) providing diplomatic and political support to the European Commission and those governments, as necessary—
(A) to facilitate international negotiations concerning cross-border infrastructure;
(B) to enhance Europe’s regulatory environment with respect to energy; and
(C) to develop accessible, transparent, and competitive energy markets supplied by diverse sources, types, and routes of energy; and
(2) providing support to improve European and Eurasian energy markets, including early-stage project support and late-stage project support for the construction or improvement of energy and related infrastructure, as necessary—
(A) to diversify the energy sources and supply routes of European and Eurasian countries;
(B) to enhance energy market integration across the region; and
(C) to increase competition within energy markets.
**(b) Project selection**
(1) **In general** — The agencies described in subsection (a) shall identify energy infrastructure projects that would be appropriate for United States assistance under this section.
(2) **Project eligibility** — A project is eligible for United States assistance under this section if the project—
(A)
(i) improves electricit
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 9563
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary of State shall perform such duties as shall from time to time be enjoined on or intrusted to him by the President relative to correspondences, commissions, or instructions to or with public ministers or consuls from the United States, or to negotiations with public ministers from foreign states or princes, or to memorials or other applications from foreign public ministers or other foreigners, or to such other matters respecting foreign affairs as the President of the United States shall assign to the Department, and he shall conduct the business of the Department in such manner as the President shall direct.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2656
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds that—
(1) recent developments in Russia and the other independent states of the former Soviet Union present an historic opportunity for a transition to a peaceful and stable international order and the integration of the independent states of the former Soviet Union into the community of democratic nations;
(2) the entire international community has a vital interest in the success of this transition, and the dimension of the problems now faced in the independent states of the former Soviet Union makes it imperative for donor countries and institutions to provide the expertise and support necessary to ensure continued progress on economic and political reforms;
(3) the United States is especially well-positioned because of its heritage and traditions to make a substantial contribution to this transition by building on current technical cooperation, medical, and food assistance programs, by assisting in the development of democratic institutions, and by fostering conditions that will encourage the United States business community to engage in trade and investment;
(4) failure to meet the opportunities presented by these developments could threaten United States national security interests and jeopardize substantial savings in United States defense that these developments have made possible;
(5) the independent states of the former Soviet Union face unprecedented environmental problems that jeopardize the quality of life and the very existence of not only their own peoples but also the peoples of other countries, and it is incumbent on the international community to assist the independent states in addressing these problems and in promoting sustainable use of resources and development;
(6) the success of United States assistance for the independent
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 5812
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Priority for control of pollution** The Congress recognizes the severe pollution problems affecting Poland and Hungary and the serious health problems which ensue from such pollution. The Congress therefore directs that a high priority be given in the implementation of assistance to Poland and Hungary to the control of pollution and the restoration of the natural resource base on which a sustainable, healthy economy depends.
**(b) EPA activities generally** In addition to specific authorities contained in any of the environmental statutes administered by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Administrator of that Agency (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Administrator”) is authorized to undertake such educational, policy training, research, and technical and financial assistance, monitoring, coordinating, and other activities as the Administrator may deem appropriate, either alone or in cooperation with other United States or foreign agencies, governments, or public or private institutions, in protecting the environment in Poland and Hungary.
**(c) EPA activities in Poland** The Administrator shall cooperate with Polish officials and experts to—
(1) establish an air quality monitoring network in the Krakow metropolitan area as a part of Poland’s national air monitoring network; and
(2) improve both water quality and the availability of drinking water in the Krakow metropolitan area.
**(d) EPA activities in Hungary** The Administrator shall work with other United States and Hungarian officials and private parties to establish and support a regional center in Budapest for facilitating cooperative environmental activities between governmental experts and public and private organizations from the United States and Eastern and Western Europe.
**(
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 5461
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Statement of policy** It is the policy of the United States—
(1) to support the Government of Ukraine in restoring its sovereign and territorial integrity;
(2) to condemn and oppose all of the destabilizing efforts by the Government of the Russian Federation in Ukraine in violation of its obligations and international commitments;
(3) to never recognize the illegal annexation of Crimea by the Government of the Russian Federation or the separation of any portion of Ukrainian territory through the use of military force;
(4) to deter the Government of the Russian Federation from further destabilizing and invading Ukraine and other independent countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the Caucuses; 11 So in original. Probably should be “Caucasus;”.
(5) to assist in promoting reform in regulatory oversight and operations in Ukraine’s energy sector, including the establishment and empowerment of an independent regulatory organization;
(6) to encourage and support fair competition, market liberalization, and reliability in Ukraine’s energy sector;
(7) to help Ukraine and United States allies and partners in Europe reduce their dependence on Russian energy resources, especially natural gas, which the Government of the Russian Federation uses as a weapon to coerce, intimidate, and influence other countries;
(8) to work with European Union member states and European Union institutions to promote energy security through developing diversified and liberalized energy markets that provide diversified sources, suppliers, and routes;
(9) to continue to oppose the NordStream 2 pipeline given its detrimental impacts on the European Union’s energy security, gas market development in Central and Eastern Europe, and energy reforms in Ukraine; and
(10) that the United State
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 9546
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1074
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2655b
1 See Change of Name note below.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1994 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 103–236 applicable with re-
spect to officials, offices, and bureaus of Department of
State when executive orders, regulations, or depart-
mental directives implementing the amendments by
sections 161 and 162 of Pub. L. 103–236 become effective,
or 90 days after Apr. 30, 1994, whichever comes earlier,
see section 161(b) of Pub. L. 103–236, as amended, set out
as a note under section 2651a of this title.
AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY OF STATE
Except as otherwise provided, Secretary of State to
have and exercise any authority vested by law in any
official or office of Department of State and references
to such officials or offices deemed to refer to Secretary
of State or Department of State, as appropriate, see
section 2651a of this title and section 161(d) of Pub. L.
103–236, set out as a note under section 2651a of this
title.
§ 2655b. Diplomatic presence overseas
(a) Purpose
The purpose of this section is to—
(1) elevate the stature given United States
diplomatic
initiatives
relating
to
non-
proliferation and political-military issues; and
(2) develop a group of highly specialized,
technical experts with country expertise capa-
ble of administering the nonproliferation and
political-military affairs functions of the De-
partment.
(b) Authority
To carry out the purposes of subsection (a),
the Secretary is authorized to establish the po-
sition of Counselor for Nonproliferation and Po-
litical Military Affairs in United States diplo-
matic missions overseas, to be filled by individ-
uals who are career Civil Service officers or For-
eign Service officers commit
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2656
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2656. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2264
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 9543
1 See References in Text note below.
(B) to establish strategic and technical
plans for addressing those vulnerabilities;
(C) to ensure that the financial systems of
those countries are not being used to shield
illicit financial activity by officials of the
Government of the Russian Federation or in-
dividuals in President Vladimir Putin’s
inner circle who have been enriched through
corruption;
(D) to investigate and prosecute cases of
corruption by Russian actors; and
(E) to work toward full compliance with
the Convention on Combating Bribery of
Foreign Public Officials in International
Business Transactions (commonly referred
to as the ‘‘Anti-Bribery Convention’’) of the
Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development; and
(10) the President of the United States
should use the authority of the President to
impose sanctions under—
(A) the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Ac-
countability Act of 2012 (title IV of Public
Law 112–208; 22 U.S.C. 5811 note); and
(B) the Global Magnitsky Human Rights
Accountability Act (subtitle F of title XII of
Public Law 114–328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note).1
(Pub. L. 115–44, title II, § 252, Aug. 2, 2017, 131
Stat. 926.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
The Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability
Act of 2012, referred to in par. (10)(A), is title IV of Pub.
L. 112–208, Dec. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 1502, which is set out
as a note under section 5811 of this title.
The Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability
Act, referred to in par. (10)(B), is subtitle F (§§ 1261–1264)
of title XII of div. A of Pub. L. 114–328, Dec. 23, 2016, 130
Stat. 2533, which is classified generally to chapter 108
(§ 10101 et seq.) of this title. For complete classificat
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 9543
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.