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18 U.S.C. § 511 — Altering or removing motor vehicle identification numbers
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** A person who—
(1) knowingly removes, obliterates, tampers with, or alters an identification number for a motor vehicle or motor vehicle part; or
(2) with intent to further the theft of a motor vehicle, knowingly removes, obliterates, tampers with, or alters a decal or device affixed to a motor vehicle pursuant to the Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act,
shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
**(b)**
(1) Subsection (a) of this section does not apply to a removal, obliteration, tampering, or alteration by a person specified in paragraph (2) of this subsection (unless such person knows that the vehicle or part involved is stolen).
(2) The persons referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection are—
(A) a motor vehicle scrap processor or a motor vehicle demolisher who complies with applicable State law with respect to such vehicle or part;
(B) a person who repairs such vehicle or part, if the removal, obliteration, tampering, or alteration is reasonably necessary for the repair;
(C) a person who restores or replaces an identification number for such vehicle or part in accordance with applicable State law; and
(D) a person who removes, obliterates, tampers with, or alters a decal or device affixed to a motor vehicle pursuant to the Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act, if that person is the owner of the motor vehicle, or is authorized to remove, obliterate, tamper with or alter the decal or device by—
(i) the owner or his authorized agent;
(ii) applicable State or local law; or
(iii) regulations promulgated by the Attorney General to implement the Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act.
**(c)** As used in this section, the term—
(1) “identification number” means a number or symbol that is inscribed or af
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_6e6ed23d107d37da5ff243d4
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-511-altering-or-removing-motor-vehicle-identification-numbers--873ad762b2.md
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 25, § 511; chapter-025-counterfeiting-and-forgery.md
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**(a)** A person who—
(1) knowingly removes, obliterates, tampers with, or alters an identification number for a motor vehicle or motor vehicle part; or
(2) with intent to further the theft of a motor vehicle, knowingly removes, obliterates, tampers with, or alters a decal or device affixed to a motor vehicle pursuant to the Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act,
shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
**(b)**
(1) Subsection (a) of this section does not apply to a removal, obliteration, tampering, or alteration by a person specified in paragraph (2) of this subsection (unless such person knows that the vehicle or part involved is stolen).
(2) The persons referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection are—
(A) a motor vehicle scrap processor or a motor vehicle demolisher who complies with applicable State law with respect to such vehicle or part;
(B) a person who repairs such vehicle or part, if the removal, obliteration, tampering, or alteration is reasonably necessary for the repair;
(C) a person who restores or replaces an identification number for such vehicle or part in accordance with applicable State law; and
(D) a person who removes, obliterates, tampers with, or alters a decal or device affixed to a motor vehicle pursuant to the Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act, if that person is the owner of the motor vehicle, or is authorized to remove, obliterate, tamper with or alter the decal or device by—
(i) the owner or his authorized agent;
(ii) applicable State or local law; or
(iii) regulations promulgated by the Attorney General to implement the Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act.
**(c)** As used in this section, the term—
(1) “identification number” means a number or symbol that is inscribed or affixed for purposes of identification under chapter 301 and part C of subtitle VI of title 49;
(2) “motor vehicle” has the meaning given that term in [section 32101 of title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section32101&num=0&edition=prelim);
(3) “motor vehicle demolisher” means a person, including any motor vehicle dismantler or motor vehicle recycler, who is engaged in the business of reducing motor vehicles or motor vehicle parts to metallic scrap that is unsuitable for use as either a motor vehicle or a motor vehicle part;
(4) “motor vehicle scrap processor” means a person—
(A) who is engaged in the business of purchasing motor vehicles or motor vehicle parts for reduction to metallic scrap for recycling;
(B) who, from a fixed location, uses machinery to process metallic scrap into prepared grades; and
(C) whose principal product is metallic scrap for recycling;
but such term does not include any activity of any such person relating to the recycling of a motor vehicle or a motor vehicle part as a used motor vehicle or a used motor vehicle part.
**(d)** For purposes of subsection (a) of this section, the term “tampers with” includes covering a program decal or device affixed to a motor vehicle pursuant to the Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act for the purpose of obstructing its visibility.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Not later than 180 days after September 13, 1994, the Attorney General shall develop, in cooperation with the States, a national voluntary motor vehicle theft prevention program (in this section referred to as the “program”) under which—
(1) the owner of a motor vehicle may voluntarily sign a consent form with a participating State or locality in which the motor vehicle owner—
(A) states that the vehicle is not normally operated under certain specified conditions; and
(B) agrees to—
(i) display program decals or devices on the owner’s vehicle; and
(ii) permit law enforcement officials in any State to stop the motor vehicle and take reasonable steps to determine whether the vehicle is being operated by or with the permission of the owner, if the vehicle is being operated under the specified conditions; and
(2) participating States and localities authorize law enforcement officials in the State or locality to stop motor vehicles displaying program decals or devices under specified conditions and take reasonable steps to determine whether the vehicle is being operated by or with the permission of the owner.
**(b) Uniform decal or device designs**
(1) **In general** — The motor vehicle theft prevention program developed pursuant to this section shall include a uniform design or designs for decals or other devices to be displayed by motor vehicles participating in the program.
(2) **Type of design** — The uniform design shall—
(A) be highly visible; and
(B) explicitly state that the motor vehicle to which it is affixed may be stopped under the specified conditions without additional grounds for establishing a reasonable suspicion that the vehicle is being operated unlawfully.
**(c) Voluntary consent form** The voluntary consent
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever makes, utters or possesses a counterfeited security of a State or a political subdivision thereof or of an organization, or whoever makes, utters or possesses a forged security of a State or political subdivision thereof or of an organization, with intent to deceive another person, organization, or government shall be fined under this title 11 See 1994 Amendment note below. or imprisoned for not more than ten years, or both.
**(b)** Whoever makes, receives, possesses, sells or otherwise transfers an implement designed for or particularly suited for making a counterfeit or forged security with the intent that it be so used shall be punished by a fine under this title or by imprisonment for not more than ten years, or both.
**(c)** For purposes of this section—
(1) the term “counterfeited” means a document that purports to be genuine but is not, because it has been falsely made or manufactured in its entirety;
(2) the term “forged” means a document that purports to be genuine but is not because it has been falsely altered, completed, signed, or endorsed, or contains a false addition thereto or insertion therein, or is a combination of parts of two or more genuine documents;
(3) the term “security” means—
(A) a note, stock certificate, treasury stock certificate, bond, treasury bond, debenture, certificate of deposit, interest coupon, bill, check, draft, warrant, debit instrument as defined in section 916(c) 22 See References in Text note below. of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, money order, traveler’s check, letter of credit, warehouse receipt, negotiable bill of lading, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest in or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, pre-reorganization certificate of subscript
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this part (except chapter 329 and except as provided in section 33101)—
(1) “bumper standard” means a minimum performance standard that substantially reduces—
(A) the damage to the front or rear end of a passenger motor vehicle from a low-speed collision (including a collision with a fixed barrier) or from towing the vehicle; or
(B) the cost of repairing the damage.
(2) “insurer” means a person in the business of issuing, or reinsuring any part of, a passenger motor vehicle insurance policy.
(3) “interstate commerce” means commerce between a place in a State and—
(A) a place in another State; or
(B) another place in the same State through another State.
(4) “make”, when describing a passenger motor vehicle, means the trade name of the manufacturer of the vehicle.
(5) “manufacturer” means a person—
(A) manufacturing or assembling passenger motor vehicles or passenger motor vehicle equipment; or
(B) importing motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment for resale.
(6) “model”, when describing a passenger motor vehicle, means a category of passenger motor vehicles based on the size, style, and type of a make of vehicle.
(7) “motor vehicle” means a vehicle driven or drawn by mechanical power and manufactured primarily for use on public streets, roads, and highways, but does not include a vehicle operated only on a rail line.
(8) “motor vehicle accident” means an accident resulting from the maintenance or operation of a passenger motor vehicle or passenger motor vehicle equipment.
(9) “multipurpose passenger vehicle” means a passenger motor vehicle constructed on a truck chassis or with special features for occasional off-road operation.
(10) “passenger motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle with motive power designed to carry not more than 12 indi
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There is hereby established an Office of Justice Programs within the Department of Justice under the general authority of the Attorney General. The Office of Justice Programs (hereinafter referred to in this chapter as the “Office”) shall be headed by an Assistant Attorney General (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the “Assistant Attorney General”) appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever within or upon any of the places now existing or hereafter reserved or acquired as provided in [section 7 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section7&num=0&edition=prelim), or on, above, or below any portion of the territorial sea of the United States not within the jurisdiction of any State, Commonwealth, territory, possession, or district is guilty of any act or omission which, although not made punishable by any enactment of Congress, would be punishable if committed or omitted within the jurisdiction of the State, Territory, Possession, or District in which such place is situated, by the laws thereof in force at the time of such act or omission, shall be guilty of a like offense and subject to a like punishment.
**(b)**
(1) Subject to paragraph (2) and for purposes of subsection (a) of this section, that which may or shall be imposed through judicial or administrative action under the law of a State, territory, possession, or district, for a conviction for operating a motor vehicle under the influence of a drug or alcohol, shall be considered to be a punishment provided by that law. Any limitation on the right or privilege to operate a motor vehicle imposed under this subsection shall apply only to the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States.
(2)
(A) In addition to any term of imprisonment provided for operating a motor vehicle under the influence of a drug or alcohol imposed under the law of a State, territory, possession, or district, the punishment for such an offense under this section shall include an additional term of imprisonment of not more than 1 year, or if serious bodily injury of a minor is caused, not more than 5 years, or if death of a minor is caused, no
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever buys, receives, possesses, or obtains control of, with intent to sell or otherwise dispose of, a motor vehicle or motor vehicle part, knowing that an identification number for such motor vehicle or part has been removed, obliterated, tampered with, or altered, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.
**(b)** Subsection (a) does not apply if the removal, obliteration, tampering, or alteration—
(1) is caused by collision or fire; or
(2) is not a violation of [section 511 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section511&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c)** As used in this section, the terms “identification number” and “motor vehicle” have the meaning given those terms in [section 511 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section511&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 2321
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** If an identification number for a motor vehicle or motor vehicle part is removed, obliterated, tampered with, or altered, such vehicle or part shall be subject to seizure and forfeiture to the United States unless—
(1) in the case of a motor vehicle part, such part is attached to a motor vehicle and the owner of such motor vehicle does not know that the identification number has been removed, obliterated, tampered with, or altered;
(2) such motor vehicle or part has a replacement identification number that—
(A) is authorized by the Secretary of Transportation under chapter 301 of title 49; or
(B) conforms to applicable State law;
(3) such removal, obliteration, tampering, or alteration is caused by collision or fire or is carried out as described in [section 511(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section511/b&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(4) such motor vehicle or part is in the possession or control of a motor vehicle scrap processor who does not know that such identification number was removed, obliterated, tampered with, or altered in any manner other than by collision or fire or as described in [section 511(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section511/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b)** All provisions of law relating to—
(1) the seizure and condemnation of vessels, vehicles, merchandise, and baggage for violation of customs laws, and procedures for summary and judicial forfeiture applicable to such violations;
(2) the disposition of such vessels, vehicles, merchandise, and baggage or the proceeds from such disposition;
(3) the remission or mitigation of such forfeiture; and
(4) the compromise of claims and the award of compensation to informers wi
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 512
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever knowingly imports, exports, or attempts to import or export—
(1) any motor vehicle, off-highway mobile equipment, vessel, aircraft, or part of any motor vehicle, off-highway mobile equipment, vessel, or aircraft, knowing the same to have been stolen; or
(2) any motor vehicle or off-highway mobile equipment or part of any motor vehicle or off-highway mobile equipment, knowing that the identification number of such motor vehicle, equipment, or part has been removed, obliterated, tampered with, or altered;
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
**(b)** Subsection (a)(2) shall not apply if the removal, obliteration, tampering, or alteration—
(1) is caused by collision or fire; or
(2)
(A) in the case of a motor vehicle, is not a violation of [section 511 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section511&num=0&edition=prelim) (relating to altering or removing motor vehicle identification numbers); or
(B) in the case of off-highway mobile equipment, would not be a violation of [section 511 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section511&num=0&edition=prelim) if such equipment were a motor vehicle.
**(c)** As used in this section, the term—
(1) “motor vehicle” has the meaning given that term in [section 32101 of title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section32101&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) “off-highway mobile equipment” means any self-propelled agricultural equipment, self-propelled construction equipment, and self-propelled special use equipment, used or designed for running on land but not on rail or highway;
(3) “vessel” has the meaning given that term in section 401 of the T
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Election To Inscribe or Affix Identifying Marks.—** The Secretary of Transportation by regulation may prescribe a vehicle theft prevention standard under which a person may elect to inscribe or affix an identifying number or symbol on major parts of a motor vehicle manufactured or owned by the person for purposes of [section 511 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section511&num=0&edition=prelim) and related provisions. The standard may include provisions for registration of the identification with the Secretary or a person designated by the Secretary.
**(b) Standard Requirements.—** The standard under this section shall be practicable and provide relevant objective criteria.
**(c) Voluntary Compliance.—** Compliance with the standard under this section is voluntary. Failure to comply does not subject a person to a penalty or enforcement under this chapter.
**(d) Compliance With Other Standards.—** Compliance with the standard under this section does not relieve a manufacturer from a requirement of a standard prescribed under section 33102 or 33103 of this title.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 33107
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 133
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 511
§ 509. Possessing and making plates or stones for
Government transportation requests
Whoever, except by lawful authority, controls,
holds or possesses any plate, stone, or other
thing, or any part thereof, from which has been
printed or may be printed any form or request
for Government transportation, or uses such
plate, stone, or other thing, or knowingly per-
mits or suffers the same to be used in making
any such form or request or any part of such a
form or request; or
Whoever makes or engraves any plate, stone,
or thing, in the likeness of any plate, stone, or
thing designated for the printing of the genuine
issues of the form or request for Government
transportation; or
Whoever prints, photographs, or in any other
manner makes, executes, or sells any engraving,
photograph, print, or impression in the likeness
of any genuine form or request for Government
transportation, or any part thereof; or
Whoever brings into the United States or any
place subject to the jurisdiction thereof, any
plate, stone, or other thing, or engraving, photo-
graph, print, or other impression of the form or
request for Government transportation—
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned
not more than ten years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 715; Pub. L.
103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994,
108 Stat. 2147.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 147 (Dec. 11, 1926,
ch. 2, § 2, 44 Stat. 918).
References to persons causing, procuring, aiding or
assisting were omitted as unnecessary as such persons
are made principals by section 2 of this title.
Words ‘‘upon conviction’’ in last paragraph were
omitted as surplusage since punishment cannot be i
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 18 U.S.C. § 511
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