Browse Arkansas Code titles and sections

22 U.S.C. § 1741d–1 — Designation of a foreign country as a State Sponsor of Unlawful or Wrongful Detention

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1741d–1 — Designation of a foreign country as a State Sponsor of Unlawful or Wrongful Detention

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 1741d–1

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. A text match is a research starting point; applicability is not established.

Original supplied file — preserved unchanged

Download original Markdown file

File SHA-256: dc7a23a198e9e6c16296c4400f73bffa5004817d5cdc4e7de2b8c644a6e933e9. The original may include catalog metadata, neighboring provisions, or embedded records outside this collection's scope. Search shows only the selected federal record. Historical editions and unverified snapshots are not a statement of current law.

Authority boundary: historical or unconfirmed source not current law verified.

Record provenance

Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_6dd008fa2b080d5012ed6a0a
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-1741d1-designation-of-a-foreign-country-as-a-state-sponsor-of-unlawful-or-wrong--6a2bc23b3a.md
Pages: Not recorded – Not recorded
Passage SHA-256: 89e51193d192d3f8056412211e424e95bd93eb2c91564b553460dc7cb8ddbf95

Source location: Title 22, Chapter 23, § 1741d–1; chapter-023-protection-of-citizens-abroad.md

Stored source content

**(a) In general** Subject to the notice requirement of subsection (c)(1)(A), the Secretary of State, in consultation with the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, may designate a foreign country that has provided support for or directly engaged in the unlawful or wrongful detention of a United States national as a State Sponsor of Unlawful or Wrongful Detention based on any of the following criteria: (1) The unlawful or wrongful detention of a United States national occurs in the foreign country. (2) The government of the foreign country or an entity organized under the laws of a foreign country has failed to release an unlawfully or wrongfully detained United States national within 30 days of being officially notified by the Department of State of the unlawful or wrongful detention. (3) Actions taken by the government of the foreign country indicate that the government is responsible for, complicit in, or materially supports the unlawful or wrongful detention of a United States national, including by acting as described in paragraph (2) after having been notified by the Department of State. (4) The actions of a state or nonstate actor in the foreign country, including any previous action relating to unlawful or wrongful detention or hostage taking of a United States national, pose a risk to the safety and security of United States nationals abroad sufficient to warrant designation of the foreign country as a State Sponsor of Unlawful or Wrongful Detention, as determined by the Secretary. **(b) Termination of designation** The Secretary of State may terminate the designation of a foreign country under subsection (a) if the Secretary certifies to Congress that the government of the foreign country— (1) has released the United States nationals unlawfully or wrongfully detained within the territory of the foreign country; (2) has positively contributed to the release of United States nationals taken hostage within the territory of the foreign country or from the custody of a nonstate entity; (3) has demonstrated changes in leadership or policies with respect to unlawful or wrongful detention and hostage taking; or (4) has provided assurances that the government of the foreign country will not engage or be complicit in or support acts described in subsection (a). **(c) Briefing and reports to Congress; publication** (1) **Consultation and reports to Congress** (A) *Consultation* — Prior to the designation under subsection (a), the Secretary of State shall consult the appropriate committees of Congress. (B) *Reporting requirement* — Not later than 7 days after making a designation of a foreign country as a State Sponsor of Unlawful or Wrongful Detention under subsection (a), the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report notifying the committees of the designation, including a certification of which criteria in subsection (a) are the basis for the designation. (C) *Elements* — In each report submitted under subparagraph (B) with respect to the designation of a foreign country as a State Sponsor of Unlawful or Wrongful Detention, the Secretary shall include— (i) the justification for the designation; and (ii) a description of any action taken by the United States Government, including the Secretary of State or the head of any other relevant Federal agency, in response to the designation to deter the unlawful or wrongful detention or hostage-taking of foreign nationals in the country. (2) **Initial briefing required** — Not later than 60 days after December 18, 2025, the Secretary shall brief Congress on the following: (A) Whether any of the following countries should be designated as a State Sponsor of Unlawful or Wrongful Detention under subsection (a): (i) Afghanistan. (ii) The Islamic Republic of Iran. (iii) The People’s Republic of China. (iv) The Russian Federation. (v) Venezuela under the regime of Nicolás Maduro. (vi) The Republic of Belarus. (B) The steps taken by the Secretary and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies to deter the unlawful and wrongful detention of United States nationals and to respond to such detentions, including— (i) any engagement with private sector companies to optimize the distribution of travel advisories; and (ii) any engagement with private companies responsible for promoting travel to foreign countries engaged in the unlawful or wrongful detention of United States nationals. (C) An assessment of a possible expansion of chapter 97 of title 28, United States Code (commonly known as the “Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976”) to include an exception from asset seizure immunity for State Sponsors of Unlawful or Wrongful Detention. (D) A detailed plan on the manner by which a geographic travel restriction should or could be instituted against State Sponsors of Unlawful or Wrongful Detention. (E) The progress made in multilateral fora, including the United Nations and other international organizations, to address the unlawful and wrongful detention of United States nationals, in addition to nationals of partners and allies of the United States in foreign countries. (3) **Annual briefing** (A) *In general* — Not later than one year after December 18, 2025, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs and the Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress with respect to unlawful or wrongful detentions taking place in the countries listed under paragraph (2)(A) and actions taken by the Secretary of State and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies to deter the wrongful detention of United States nationals, including any steps taken in accordance with paragraph (2)(B). (B) *No limitation on other briefings* — Any briefings pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be in addition to any briefings requested by the appropriate congressional committees. Nothing in this provision shall be construed to limit the provision of any other briefings to the appropriate committees of Congress. (4) **Publication** — The Secretary shall make available on a publicly accessible website of the Department of State, and regularly update, a list of foreign countries designated as State Sponsors of Unlawful or Wrongful Detention under subsection (a). **(d) Review of available responses to State Sponsors of Unlawful or Wrongful Detention** Upon designation of a foreign country as a State Sponsor of Unlawful or Wrongful Detention under subsection (a), the Secretary of State, in consultation with the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall conduct a comprehensive review of the use of existing authorities to respond to and deter the unlawful or wrongful detention of United States nationals in the foreign country, including— (1) sanctions available under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); (2) visa restrictions available under section 7031(c) of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2024 (division F of Public Law 118–47; [8 U.S.C. 1182](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1182&num=0&edition=prelim) note) or any other provision of Federal law; (3) sanctions available under the Immigration and Nationality Act ([8 U.S.C. 1101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); (4) restrictions on assistance provided to the government of the country under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ([22 U.S.C. 2151](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2151&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) or any other provision of Federal law; (5) restrictions on the export of certain goods to the country under the Arms Export Control Act ([22 U.S.C. 2751](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2751&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 ([50 U.S.C. 4801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section4801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), or any other Federal law; and (6) designating the government of the country as a government that has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism pursuant to— (A) [section 4813(c)(1)(A)(i) of title 50](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section4813/c/1/A/i&num=0&edition=prelim); (B) [section 2371 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2371&num=0&edition=prelim); (C) [section 2780(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2780/d&num=0&edition=prelim); or (D) any other provision of law. **(e) Defined term** In this section, the term “appropriate committees of Congress” means— (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives. **(f) Rules of construction** Nothing in this section may be construed to imply that— (1) the United States Government formally recognizes any particular country or the government of such country as legitimate; or (2) every United States national detained in a country designated as a State Sponsor of Unlawful or Wrongful Detention under subsection (a) should be or is determined to be wrongfully detained under this subchapter.

Cross-references

Connections may be documented source relationships, shared citations or nearby passages. Each explains its basis; a connection alone does not establish applicability to your situation.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

8 U.S.C. § 1182 — Inadmissible aliens

**(a) Classes of aliens ineligible for visas or admission** Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, aliens who are inadmissible under the following paragraphs are ineligible to receive visas and ineligible to be admitted to the United States: (1) **Health-related grounds** (A) *In general* — Any alien— (i) who is determined (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services) to have a communicable disease of public health significance; 11 So in original. The semicolon probably should be a comma. (ii) except as provided in subparagraph (C), who seeks admission as an immigrant, or who seeks adjustment of status to the status of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence, and who has failed to present documentation of having received vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases, which shall include at least the following diseases: mumps, measles, rubella, polio, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, pertussis, influenza type B and hepatitis B, and any other vaccinations against vaccine-preventable diseases recommended by the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices, (iii) who is determined (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services in consultation with the Attorney General)— (I) to have a physical or mental disorder and behavior associated with the disorder that may pose, or has posed, a threat to the property, safety, or welfare of the alien or others, or (II) to have had a physical or mental disorder and a history of behavior associated with the disorder, which behavior has posed a threat to the property, safety, or welfare of the alien or others and which behavior is likely to recur or to lead to other harmful behavior, or (iv) who i

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 8 U.S.C. § 1182

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

50 U.S.C. § 1701 — Unusual and extraordinary threat; declaration of national emergency; exercise of Presidential authorities

**(a)** Any authority granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat. **(b)** The authorities granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1701

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1741 — Assistance for United States nationals unlawfully or wrongfully detained abroad

**(a) Review** The Secretary of State shall review, as expeditiously as possible, the cases of United States nationals detained abroad to determine if there is credible information that they are being detained unlawfully or wrongfully, based on criteria which may include whether— (1) United States officials receive or possess credible information indicating innocence of the detained individual; (2) the individual is being detained solely or substantially because he or she is a United States national; (3) the individual is being detained solely or substantially to influence United States Government policy or to secure economic or political concessions from the United States Government; (4) the detention appears to be because the individual sought to obtain, exercise, defend, or promote freedom of the press, freedom of religion, or the right to peacefully assemble; (5) the individual is being detained in violation of the laws of the detaining country; (6) independent nongovernmental organizations or journalists have raised legitimate questions about the innocence of the detained individual; (7) the United States mission in the country where the individual is being detained has received credible reports that the detention is a pretext for an illegitimate purpose; (8) the individual is detained in a country where the Department of State has determined in its annual human rights reports that the judicial system is not independent or impartial, is susceptible to corruption, or is incapable of rendering just verdicts; (9) the individual is being detained in inhumane conditions; (10) due process of law has been sufficiently impaired so as to render the detention arbitrary; and (11) United States diplomatic engagement is likely necessary to secure the release of the d

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 1741

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2371 — Prohibition on assistance to governments supporting international terrorism

**(a) Prohibition** The United States shall not provide any assistance under this chapter, the Food for Peace Act [[7 U.S.C. 1691](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1691&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], the Peace Corps Act [[22 U.S.C. 2501](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2501&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], or the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 [[12 U.S.C. 635](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section635&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] to any country if the Secretary of State determines that the government of that country has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism. **(b) Publication of determinations** Each determination of the Secretary of State under subsection (a), including each determination in effect on December 12, 1989, shall be published in the Federal Register. **(c) Rescission** A determination made by the Secretary of State under subsection (a) may not be rescinded unless the President submits to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate— (1) before the proposed rescission would take effect, a report certifying that— (A) there has been a fundamental change in the leadership and policies of the government of the country concerned; (B) that government is not supporting acts of international terrorism; and (C) that government has provided assurances that it will not support acts of international terrorism in the future; or (2) at least 45 days before the proposed rescission would take effect, a report justifying the rescission and certifying that— (A) the government concerned has not provided any support for international terrorism d

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2371

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2151 — Congressional findings and declaration of policy

(a) United States development cooperation policy

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2151

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

8 U.S.C. § 1101 — Definitions

**(a)** As used in this chapter— (1) The term “administrator” means the official designated by the Secretary of State pursuant to [section 1104(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1104/b&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) The term “advocates” includes, but is not limited to, advises, recommends, furthers by overt act, and admits belief in. (3) The term “alien” means any person not a citizen or national of the United States. (4) The term “application for admission” has reference to the application for admission into the United States and not to the application for the issuance of an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa. (5) The term “Attorney General” means the Attorney General of the United States. (6) The term “border crossing identification card” means a document of identity bearing that designation issued to an alien who is lawfully admitted for permanent residence, or to an alien who is a resident in foreign contiguous territory, by a consular officer or an immigration officer for the purpose of crossing over the borders between the United States and foreign contiguous territory in accordance with such conditions for its issuance and use as may be prescribed by regulations. Such regulations shall provide that (A) each such document include a biometric identifier (such as the fingerprint or handprint of the alien) that is machine readable and (B) an alien presenting a border crossing identification card is not permitted to cross over the border into the United States unless the biometric identifier contained on the card matches the appropriate biometric characteristic of the alien. (7) The term “clerk of court” means a clerk of a naturalization court. (8) The terms “Commissioner” and “Deputy Commissioner” mean the Co

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 8 U.S.C. § 1101

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2751 — Need for international defense cooperation and military export controls; Presidential waiver; report to Congress; arms sales policy

As declared by the Congress in the Arms Control and Disarmament Act [[22 U.S.C. 2551](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2551&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], an ultimate goal of the United States continues to be a world which is free from the scourge of war and the dangers and burdens of armaments; in which the use of force has been subordinated to the rule of law; and in which international adjustments to a changing world are achieved peacefully. In furtherance of that goal, it remains the policy of the United States to encourage regional arms control and disarmament agreements and to discourage arms races.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2751

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

50 U.S.C. § 4801 — Assistant Secretaries of Commerce

**(a) In general** The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, two Assistant Secretaries of Commerce to assist the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security in carrying out the functions described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of [section 4851(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section4851/a&num=0&edition=prelim). **(b) Continuation in office of one Assistant Secretary** An individual appointed as an Assistant Secretary of Commerce under section 15(a) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 11 See References in Text note below. (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.)) and serving in that position on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act may serve in one of the Assistant Secretary positions established under subsection (a) on and after that date without the need for renomination or reappointment.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 4801

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2151 — Congressional findings and declaration of

Page 532 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2151 Sec. 2394a. Extortion and illegal payments to offi- cials of foreign countries receiving international security assistance. 2394b. HELP Commission. 2394c. Information on covered United States foreign assistance programs. 2395. General authorities. 2395a. International agreements concerning debt relief; transmittal to congres- sional committees. 2396. Availability of funds. 2396a. Property Management Fund. 2396b. USAID Buying Power Maintenance Ac- count. 2397. Administrative expenses. 2398. Assistance to countries pursuant to other statutes. 2399 to 2399a. Repealed or Transferred. 2399b. False claims and ineligible commodities. 2399c. Coordination of policies and programs. 2399d. Shipping differential. PART III—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 2401. Effective date; identification of pro- grams. 2402. Saving provisions. 2403. Definitions. 2404. Unexpended balances. 2405. Separability. 2406. Development programs for dependable fuel supplies. 2407. Special authorization for use of foreign currencies. 2408. Repealed. 2409. Use of United States Armed Forces. 2410, 2410a. Repealed. 2411. Limitation upon exercise of special au- thorities. 2412. Limitation on foreign assistance appro- priations. 2413. Changes in allocation of foreign assist- ance. 2414. Presidential findings and determina- tions. 2414a. Annual report to Congress on voting practices at United Nations. 2415. Annual military assistance report. 2416. Annual foreign military training report. 2417 to 2419. Repealed. 2420. Police training prohibition. 2421. Trade and Development Agency. 2421a. Capital projects office within Agency for International Development. 2421b. Capital projects for

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2151

Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2151. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2751 — Need for international defense coopera-

Page 1185 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2751 Sec. 2762. Procurement for cash sales. 2763. Credit sales. 2764. Guaranties. 2765. Annual estimate and justification for sales program. 2766. Security assistance surveys. 2767. Authority of President to enter into co- operative projects with friendly for- eign countries. 2767a, 2768. Repealed. SUBCHAPTER II–A—FOREIGN MILITARY CONSTRUCTION SALES 2769. Foreign military construction sales. SUBCHAPTER II–B—SALES TO UNITED STATES COMPANIES FOR INCORPORATION INTO END ITEMS 2770. General authority. SUBCHAPTER II–C—EXCHANGE OF TRAINING AND RELATED SUPPORT 2770a. Exchange of training and related sup- port. SUBCHAPTER III—MILITARY EXPORT CONTROLS 2771. Military sales authorizations and ceil- ings. 2772. Repealed. 2773. Restraint in arms sales to Sub-Saharan Africa. 2774. Foreign military sales credit standards. 2775. Foreign military sales to less developed countries. 2776. Reports and certifications to Congress on military exports. 2776a. Repealed. 2777. Fiscal provisions relating to foreign military sales credits. 2778. Control of arms exports and imports. 2778a. Exportation of uranium depleted in the isotope 235. 2779. Fees of military sales agents. 2779a. Prohibition on incentive payments. 2780. Transactions with countries supporting acts of international terrorism. 2781. Transactions with countries not fully co- operating with United States antiterrorism efforts. SUBCHAPTER III–A—END-USE MONITORING OF DEFENSE ARTICLES AND DEFENSE SERVICES 2785. End-use monitoring of defense articles and defense services. SUBCHAPTER IV—GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 2791. General provisions. 2792. Administrative expenses. 2793. Othe

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2751

Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2751. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.