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31 U.S.C. § 1551 — Definitions; applicability of subchapter

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

31 U.S.C. § 1551 — Definitions; applicability of subchapter

**(a)** In this subchapter— (1) An obligated balance of an appropriation account as of the end of a fiscal year is the amount of unliquidated obligations applicable to the appropriation less amounts collectible as repayments to the appropriation. (2) An unobligated balance is the difference between the obligated balance and the total unexpended balance. (3) A fixed appropriation account is an appropriation account available for obligation for a definite period. **(b)** The limitations on the availability for expenditure prescribed in this subchapter apply to all appropriations unless specifically otherwise authorized by a law that specifically— (1) identifies the appropriate account for which the availability for expenditure is to be extended; (2) provides that such account shall be available for recording, adjusting, and liquidating obligations properly chargeable to that account; and (3) extends the availability for expenditure of the obligated balances. **(c)** This subchapter does not apply to— (1) appropriations for the District of Columbia government; or (2) appropriations to be disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives.

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Source location: Title 31, Chapter 15, § 1551; chapter-015-appropriation-accounting.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

31 U.S.C. § 1351 — Reports on violations

If an officer or employee of an executive agency or an officer or employee of the District of Columbia government violates section 1341(a) or 1342 of this title, the head of the agency or the Mayor of the District of Columbia, as the case may be, shall report immediately to the President and Congress all relevant facts and a statement of actions taken. A copy of each report shall also be transmitted to the Comptroller General on the same date the report is transmitted to the President and Congress.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

31 U.S.C. § 1552 — Procedure for appropriation accounts available for definite periods

**(a)** On September 30th of the 5th fiscal year after the period of availability for obligation of a fixed appropriation account ends, the account shall be closed and any remaining balance (whether obligated or unobligated) in the account shall be canceled and thereafter shall not be available for obligation or expenditure for any purpose. **(b)** Collections authorized or required to be credited to an appropriation account, but not received before closing of the account under subsection (a) or under [section 1555 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1555&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be deposited in the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

31 U.S.C. § 1341 — Limitations on expending and obligating amounts

**(a)** (1) Except as specified in this subchapter or any other provision of law, an officer or employee of the United States Government or of the District of Columbia government may not— (A) make or authorize an expenditure or obligation exceeding an amount available in an appropriation or fund for the expenditure or obligation; (B) involve either government in a contract or obligation for the payment of money before an appropriation is made unless authorized by law; (C) make or authorize an expenditure or obligation of funds required to be sequestered under section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985; or (D) involve either government in a contract or obligation for the payment of money required to be sequestered under section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. (2) This subsection does not apply to a corporation getting amounts to make loans (except paid in capital amounts) without legal liability of the United States Government. **(b)** An article to be used by an executive department in the District of Columbia that could be bought out of an appropriation made to a regular contingent fund of the department may not be bought out of another amount available for obligation. **(c)** (1) In this subsection— (A) the term “covered lapse in appropriations” means any lapse in appropriations that begins on or after December 22, 2018; (B) the term “District of Columbia public employer” means— (i) the District of Columbia Courts; (ii) the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia; or (iii) the District of Columbia government; (C) the term “employee” includes an officer; and (D) the term “excepted employee” means an excepted employee or an employee performing

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

31 U.S.C. § 1553 — Availability of appropriation accounts to pay obligations

**(a)** After the end of the period of availability for obligation of a fixed appropriation account and before the closing of that account under [section 1552(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1552/a&num=0&edition=prelim), the account shall retain its fiscal-year identity and remain available for recording, adjusting, and liquidating obligations properly chargeable to that account. **(b)** (1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2), after the closing of an account under section 1552(a) or 1555 of this title, obligations and adjustments to obligations that would have been properly chargeable to that account, both as to purpose and in amount, before closing and that are not otherwise chargeable to any current appropriation account of the agency may be charged to any current appropriation account of the agency available for the same purpose. (2) The total amount of charges to an account under paragraph (1) may not exceed an amount equal to 1 percent of the total appropriations for that account. **(c)** (1) In the case of a fixed appropriation account with respect to which the period of availability for obligation has ended, if an obligation of funds from that account to provide funds for a program, project, or activity to cover amounts required for contract changes would cause the total amount of obligations from that appropriation during a fiscal year for contract changes for that program, project, or activity to exceed $4,000,000, the obligation may only be made if the obligation is approved by the head of the agency (or an officer of the agency within the Office of the head of the agency to whom the head of the agency has delegated the authority to approve such an obligation). (2) In the case of a fix

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2393 — Waiver of certain laws

**(a) Contracts and expenditure of funds** Whenever the President determines it to be in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, the functions authorized under this chapter may be performed without regard to such provisions of law (other than the Renegotiation Act of 1951, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 1211 et seq.)),11 See References in Text note below. regulating the making, performance, amendment, or modification of contracts and the expenditure of funds of the United States Government as the President may specify. **(b) Neutrality laws** The functions authorized under subchapter II of this chapter may be performed without regard to such provisions as the President may specify of subchapter II of chapter 9 of this title. **(c) Assignment of personnel** Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 3544(b) and 8544(b) 1 of title 10, personnel of the Department of Defense may be assigned or detailed to any civil office to carry out this chapter.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

31 U.S.C. § 1554 — Audit, control, and reporting

**(a)** Any audit requirement, limitation on obligations, or reporting requirement that is applicable to an appropriation account shall remain applicable to that account after the end of the period of availability for obligation of that account. **(b)** (1) After the close of each fiscal year, the head of each agency shall submit to the President and the Secretary of the Treasury a report regarding the unliquidated obligations, unobligated balances, canceled balances, and adjustments made to appropriation accounts of that agency during the completed fiscal year. The report shall be submitted no later than 15 days after the date on which the President’s budget for the next fiscal year is submitted to Congress under [section 1105 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1105&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) Each report required by this subsection shall— (A) provide a description, with reference to the fiscal year of appropriations, of the amount in each account, its source, and an itemization of the appropriations accounts; (B) describe all current and expired appropriations accounts; (C) describe any payments made under [section 1553 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1553&num=0&edition=prelim); (D) describe any adjustment of obligations during that fiscal year pursuant to [section 1553 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1553&num=0&edition=prelim); (E) contain a certification by the head of the agency that the obligated balances in each appropriation account of the agency reflect proper existing obligations and that expenditures from the account since the preceding review were supported by a proper o

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

31 U.S.C. § 1555 — Closing of appropriation accounts available for indefinite periods

An appropriation account available for obligation for an indefinite period shall be closed, and any remaining balance (whether obligated or unobligated) in that account shall be canceled and thereafter shall not be available for obligation or expenditure for any purpose, if— (1) the head of the agency concerned or the President determines that the purposes for which the appropriation was made have been carried out; and (2) no disbursement has been made against the appropriation for two consecutive fiscal years.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

31 U.S.C. § 1556 — Comptroller General: reports on appropriation accounts

**(a)** In carrying out audit responsibilities, the Comptroller General shall report on operations under this subchapter to— (1) the head of the agency concerned; (2) the Secretary of the Treasury; and (3) the President. **(b)** A report under this section shall include an appraisal of unpaid obligations under fixed appropriation accounts for which the period of availability for obligation has ended.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

31 U.S.C. § 1557 — Authority for exemptions in appropriation laws

A provision of an appropriation law may exempt an appropriation from the provisions of this subchapter and fix the period for which the appropriation remains available for expenditure.

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31 U.S.C. § 1551 — Definitions; applicability of subchapter

Page 200 TITLE 31—MONEY AND FINANCE § 1537 supplies, or equipment, or in performing the work or services’’ to eliminate unnecessary words. § 1537. Services between the United States Gov- ernment and the District of Columbia gov- ernment (a) To prevent duplication and to promote effi- ciency and economy, an officer or employee of— (1) the United States Government may pro- vide services to the District of Columbia gov- ernment; and (2) the District of Columbia government may provide services to the United States Govern- ment. (b)(1) Services under this section shall be pro- vided under an agreement— (A) negotiated by officers and employees of the 2 governments; and (B) approved by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and the Mayor of the District of Columbia. (2) Each agreement shall provide that the cost of providing the services shall be borne in the way provided in subsection (c) of this section by the government to which the services are pro- vided at rates or charges based on the actual cost of providing the services. (3) To carry out an agreement made under this subsection, the agreement may provide for the delegation of duties and powers of officers and employees of— (A) the District of Columbia government to officers and employees of the United States Government; and (B) the United States Government to officers and employees of the District of Columbia government. (c) In providing services under an agreement made under subsection (b) of this section— (1) costs incurred by the United States Gov- ernment may be paid from appropriations available to the District of Columbia govern- ment officer or employee to whom the services were provided; and (2) costs incurred by the District of Colum- bia government may be paid from amoun

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