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34 U.S.C. § 12372 — Grants authorized

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

34 U.S.C. § 12372 — Grants authorized

The State Justice Institute may award grants for the purpose of developing, testing, presenting, and disseminating model programs to be used by States (as defined in [section 10701 of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section10701&num=0&edition=prelim)) in training judges and court personnel in the laws of the States and by Indian tribes in training tribal judges and court personnel in the laws of the tribes on rape, sexual assault, domestic violence, dating violence, and other crimes of violence motivated by the victim’s gender. Nothing shall preclude the attendance of tribal judges and court personnel at programs funded under this section for States to train judges and court personnel on the laws of the States.

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Source location: Title 34, Chapter 121, § 12372; chapter-121-violent-crime-control-and-law-enforcement.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 13991 — Transferred

### Statutory Notes #### Codification Section 13981 was editorially reclassified as [section 12361 of Title 34](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section12361&num=0&edition=prelim), Crime Control and Law Enforcement.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

34 U.S.C. § 10101 — Establishment of Office of Justice Programs

There is hereby established an Office of Justice Programs within the Department of Justice under the general authority of the Attorney General. The Office of Justice Programs (hereinafter referred to in this chapter as the “Office”) shall be headed by an Assistant Attorney General (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the “Assistant Attorney General”) appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 10701 — Definitions

As used in this chapter, the term— (1) “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Institute; (2) “Director” means the Executive Director of the Institute; (3) “Governor” means the Chief Executive Officer of a State; (4) “Institute” means the State Justice Institute; (5) “recipient” means any grantee, contractor, or recipient of financial assistance under this chapter; (6) “State” means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and any other territory or possession of the United States; (7) “Supreme Court” means the highest appellate court within a State unless, for the purposes of this chapter, a constitutionally or legislatively established judicial council acts in place of that court; and (8) “domestic violence” means— (A) any action that constitutes— (i) attempting to cause or intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing bodily injury or physical illness; (ii) rape, sexual assault, or causing involuntary deviate sexual intercourse; (iii) placing by physical menace another in fear of imminent serious bodily injury; or (iv) the infliction of false imprisonment; if such action is taken by one of 2 spouses, former spouses, or sexual or intimate partners against the other spouse, former spouse, or partner and the 2 of whom share biological parenthood of, have adopted, are legal custodians of, or are stepparents of a minor child; or (B) physically or sexually abusing such minor child if such abuse is inflicted by either of such spouses, former spouses, or partners.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

34 U.S.C. § 12391 — Authorization of circuit studies; education and training grants

**(a) Studies** In order to gain a better understanding of the nature and the extent of gender bias in the Federal courts, the circuit judicial councils are encouraged to conduct studies of the instances, if any, of gender bias in their respective circuits and to implement recommended reforms. **(b) Matters for examination** The studies under subsection (a) may include an examination of the effects of gender on— (1) the treatment of litigants, witnesses, attorneys, jurors, and judges in the courts, including before magistrate and bankruptcy judges; (2) the interpretation and application of the law, both civil and criminal; (3) treatment of defendants in criminal cases; (4) treatment of victims of violent crimes in judicial proceedings; (5) sentencing; (6) sentencing alternatives and the nature of supervision of probation and parole; (7) appointments to committees of the Judicial Conference and the courts; (8) case management and court sponsored alternative dispute resolution programs; (9) the selection, retention, promotion, and treatment of employees; (10) appointment of arbitrators, experts, and special masters; (11) the admissibility of the victim’s past sexual history in civil and criminal cases; and (12) the aspects of the topics listed in [section 12372 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section12372&num=0&edition=prelim) that pertain to issues within the jurisdiction of the Federal courts. **(c) Clearinghouse** The Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall act as a clearinghouse to disseminate any reports and materials issued by the gender bias task forces under subsection (a) and to respond to requests for such reports and materials. The gender bias task forces shall provide the Adminis

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 13993 — Transferred

### Statutory Notes #### Codification Section 13992 was editorially reclassified as [section 12372 of Title 34](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section12372&num=0&edition=prelim), Crime Control and Law Enforcement.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

34 U.S.C. § 12372 — Training provided by grants

Page 361 TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT § 12372 1 See References in Text note below. 2 So in original. Probably should be followed by ‘‘and’’. 3 So in original. The semicolon probably should be a period. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE For short title of subtitle D of title IV of Pub. L. 103–322, which is classified to this part, as the ‘‘Equal Justice for Women in the Courts Act of 1994’’, see sec- tion 40401 of Pub. L. 103–322, set out as a Short Title of 1994 Act note under section 10101 of this title. § 12372. Training provided by grants Training provided pursuant to grants made under this part may include current informa- tion, existing studies, or current data on— (1) the nature and incidence of rape and sex- ual assault by strangers and nonstrangers, marital rape, and incest; (2) the underreporting of rape, sexual as- sault, and child sexual abuse; (3) the physical, psychological, and economic impact of rape and sexual assault on the vic- tim, the costs to society, and the implications for sentencing; (4) the psychology of sex offenders, their high rate of recidivism, and the implications for sentencing; (5) the historical evolution of laws and atti- tudes on rape and sexual assault; (6) sex stereotyping of female and male vic- tims of rape and sexual assault, racial stereo- typing of rape victims and defendants, and the impact of such stereotypes on credibility of witnesses, sentencing, and other aspects of the administration of justice; (7) application of rape shield laws and other limits on introduction of evidence that may subject victims to improper sex stereotyping and harassment in both rape and nonrape cases, including the need for sua sponte judi- cial intervention in inappropriate cross-exam-

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