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16 U.S.C. § 620 — Findings and purposes
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Timber is essential to the United States.
(2) Forests, forest resources, and the forest environment are exhaustible natural resources that require efficient and effective conservation efforts.
(3) In the interest of conserving those resources, the United States has set aside millions of acres of otherwise harvestable timberlands in the western United States, representing well over 100,000,000,000 board feet of otherwise harvestable timber.
(4) In recent years, administrative, statutory, or judicial action has been taken to set aside an increased amount of otherwise harvestable timberlands for conservation purposes.
(5) In the next few months and years, additional amounts of otherwise harvestable timberlands may be set aside for conservation purposes, pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973 [[16 U.S.C. 1531](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1531&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], the National Forest Management Act of 1976, or other expected statutory, administrative, and judicial actions.
(6) There is evidence of a shortfall in the supply of unprocessed timber in the western United States.
(7) There is reason to believe that any shortfall which may already exist may worsen unless action is taken.
(8) In conjunction with the broad conservation actions expected in the next few months and years, conservation action is necessary with respect to exports of unprocessed timber.
**(b) Purposes** The purposes of sections 620 to 620j of this title are—
(1) to promote the conservation of forest resources in conjunction with State and Federal resources management plans, and other actions or decisions, affecting the use of forest resources;
(2) to take action esse
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Source location: Title 16, Chapter 4, § 620; chapter-004-protection-of-timber-and-depredations.md
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**(a) Findings** The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Timber is essential to the United States.
(2) Forests, forest resources, and the forest environment are exhaustible natural resources that require efficient and effective conservation efforts.
(3) In the interest of conserving those resources, the United States has set aside millions of acres of otherwise harvestable timberlands in the western United States, representing well over 100,000,000,000 board feet of otherwise harvestable timber.
(4) In recent years, administrative, statutory, or judicial action has been taken to set aside an increased amount of otherwise harvestable timberlands for conservation purposes.
(5) In the next few months and years, additional amounts of otherwise harvestable timberlands may be set aside for conservation purposes, pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973 [[16 U.S.C. 1531](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1531&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], the National Forest Management Act of 1976, or other expected statutory, administrative, and judicial actions.
(6) There is evidence of a shortfall in the supply of unprocessed timber in the western United States.
(7) There is reason to believe that any shortfall which may already exist may worsen unless action is taken.
(8) In conjunction with the broad conservation actions expected in the next few months and years, conservation action is necessary with respect to exports of unprocessed timber.
**(b) Purposes** The purposes of sections 620 to 620j of this title are—
(1) to promote the conservation of forest resources in conjunction with State and Federal resources management plans, and other actions or decisions, affecting the use of forest resources;
(2) to take action essential for the acquisition and distribution of forest resources or products in short supply in the western United States;
(3) to take action necessary, to meet the goals of Article XI 2.(a) of the GATT 1994 (as defined in [section 3501(1)(B) of title 19](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3501/1/B&num=0&edition=prelim)), to ensure sufficient supplies of certain forest resources or products which are essential to the United States;
(4) to continue and refine the existing Federal policy of restricting the export of unprocessed timber harvested from Federal lands in the western United States; and
(5) to effect measures aimed at meeting these objectives in conformity with the obligations of the United States under the WTO Agreement and the multilateral trade agreements (as such terms are defined in paragraphs (9) and (4), respectively, of [section 3501 of title 19](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3501&num=0&edition=prelim)).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds and declares that—
(1) various species of fish, wildlife, and plants in the United States have been rendered extinct as a consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation;
(2) other species of fish, wildlife, and plants have been so depleted in numbers that they are in danger of or threatened with extinction;
(3) these species of fish, wildlife, and plants are of esthetic, ecological, educational, historical, recreational, and scientific value to the Nation and its people;
(4) the United States has pledged itself as a sovereign state in the international community to conserve to the extent practicable the various species of fish or wildlife and plants facing extinction, pursuant to—
(A) migratory bird treaties with Canada and Mexico;
(B) the Migratory and Endangered Bird Treaty with Japan;
(C) the Convention on Nature Protection and Wildlife Preservation in the Western Hemisphere;
(D) the International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries;
(E) the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean;
(F) the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; and
(G) other international agreements; and
(5) encouraging the States and other interested parties, through Federal financial assistance and a system of incentives, to develop and maintain conservation programs which meet national and international standards is a key to meeting the Nation’s international commitments and to better safeguarding, for the benefit of all citizens, the Nation’s heritage in fish, wildlife, and plants.
**(b) Purposes** The purposes of this chapter are to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 1531
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Use of additional funds** Consistent, as determined by the President, with the obligations undertaken by the United States set forth in the Uruguay Round Agreements, the Commodity Credit Corporation shall use, in addition to any other funds appropriated or made available for such purposes, any funds made available under subsection (b) for authorized export promotion, foreign market development, export credit financing, and promoting the development, commercialization, and marketing of products resulting from alternative uses of agricultural commodities.
**(b) Amount of additional funds** Amounts shall be credited to the Commodity Credit Corporation in fiscal year 1995 equal to the lesser of the dollar amount of—
(1) the fiscal year 1995 Pay-As-You-Go savings; and
(2) the 5-year Pay-As-You-Go savings;
under [section 902 of title 2](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section902&num=0&edition=prelim), resulting from the enactment of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform Act of 1994.
**(c) Effective date** This section shall take effect on December 8, 1994.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 3501
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Order to prohibit export of unprocessed timber originating from State or other public lands** Except as provided in subsection (g), the Secretary of Commerce shall issue orders to prohibit the export from the United States of unprocessed timber originating from public lands, as provided in subsection (b).
**(b) Schedule for determination to prohibit export of unprocessed timber originating from State or other public lands**
(1) **States with annual sales of 400,000,000 board feet or less** — With respect to States with annual sales volumes of 400,000,000 board feet or less, the Secretary of Commerce shall issue an order referred to in subsection (a) to prohibit, notwithstanding any other provision of law, the export of unprocessed timber originating from public lands, effective June 1, 1993.
(2) **States with annual sales of greater than 400,000,000 board feet** — With respect to any State with an annual sales volume greater than 400,000,000 board feet, the Secretary of Commerce shall issue an order referred to in subsection (a) to prohibit, notwithstanding any other provision of law, the export of unprocessed timber originating from public lands, effective as of November 14, 1997.
(3) **Prohibition on substitution**
(A) *Prohibition* — Subject to subparagraph (B), each order of the Secretary of Commerce under paragraph (1) or (2) shall also prohibit, notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person from purchasing, directly or indirectly, unprocessed timber originating from public lands in a State if—
(i) such unprocessed timber would be used in substitution for exported unprocessed timber originating from private lands in that State; or
(ii) such person has, during the preceding 24-month period, exported unprocessed timber originating from
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 620c
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds that—
(1) the management of the Nation’s renewable resources is highly complex and the uses, demand for, and supply of the various resources are subject to change over time;
(2) the public interest is served by the Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with other agencies, assessing the Nation’s renewable resources, and developing and preparing a national renewable resource program, which is periodically reviewed and updated;
(3) to serve the national interest, the renewable resource program must be based on a comprehensive assessment of present and anticipated uses, demand for, and supply of renewable resources from the Nation’s public and private forests and rangelands, through analysis of environmental and economic impacts, coordination of multiple use and sustained yield opportunities as provided in the Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960 (74 Stat. 215; [16 U.S.C. 528–531](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section528–531&num=0&edition=prelim)), and public participation in the development of the program;
(4) the new knowledge derived from coordinated public and private research programs will promote a sound technical and ecological base for effective management, use, and protection of the Nation’s renewable resources;
(5) inasmuch as the majority of the Nation’s forests and rangeland is under private, State, and local governmental management and the Nation’s major capacity to produce goods and services is based on these nonfederally managed renewable resources, the Federal Government should be a catalyst to encourage and assist these owners in the efficient long-term use and improvement of these lands and their renewable resources consistent with the principles of sustained yield and
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Direct substitution**
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (3) and subsection (c), no person may purchase directly from any department or agency of the United States unprocessed timber originating from Federal lands west of the 100th meridian in the contiguous 48 States if—
(A) such unprocessed timber is to be used in substitution for exported unprocessed timber originating from private lands; or
(B) such person has, during the preceding 24-month period, exported unprocessed timber originating from private lands.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1)—
(A) Federal timber purchased pursuant to a contract entered into between the purchaser and the Secretary concerned before the date on which regulations to carry out this subsection are issued under [section 620f of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section620f&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be governed by the regulations of the Secretary concerned in effect before such date that restrict the substitution of unprocessed timber originating from Federal lands for exported timber originating from private lands;
(B) in the 1-year period beginning on August 20, 1990, any person who operates under a Cooperative Sustained Yield Unit Agreement, and who has an historic export quota shall be limited to entering into contracts under such a quota to a volume equal to not more than 66 percent of the person’s historic export quota used during fiscal year 1989;
(C) a person referred to in subparagraph (B) shall reduce the person’s remaining substitution volume by an equal amount each year thereafter such that no volume is substituted under such a quota in fiscal year 1995 or thereafter; and
(D) the 24-month period referred to in paragraph (1)(B) shall not apply to any person
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 620b
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of sections 620 to 620j of this title:
(1) The term “acquire” means to come into possession of, whether directly or indirectly, through a sale, trade, exchange, or other transaction, and the term “acquisition” means the act of acquiring.
(2) The term “Federal lands” means lands that are owned by the United States, but does not include any lands the title to which is—
(A) held in trust by the United States for the benefit of any Indian tribe or individual,
(B) held by any Indian tribe or individual subject to a restriction by the United States against alienation, or
(C) held by any Native Corporation as defined in [section 1602 of title 43](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1602&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Minor violation.—** — The term “minor violation” means a violation, other than an intentional violation, involving a single contract, purchase order, processing facility, or log yard involving a quantity of logs that is less than 25 logs and has a total value (at the time of the violation) of less than $10,000.
(4) **Northwestern private timber open market area.—** — The term “northwestern private timber open market area” means the State of Washington.
(5) The term “person” means any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or other legal entity and includes any subsidiary, subcontractor, or parent company, and business affiliates where 1 affiliate controls or has the power to control the other or when both are controlled directly or indirectly by a third person.
(6) The term “private lands” means lands held or owned by a person. Such term does not include Federal lands or public lands, or any lands the title to which is—
(A) held in trust by the United States for the benefit of any Ind
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 620e
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Nothing in sections 620 to 620j of this title, or regulations issued under sections 620 to 620j of this title, shall be construed to abrogate or affect any timber sale contract entered into before August 20, 1990.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 620h
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1909
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 1531
maintenance of continuing and stable supply of agri-
cultural commodities and forest products.
Section 1502, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1002, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 242, required
eligible landowners and operators to furnish plan of
farming operations or land use to Secretary.
Section 1503, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1003, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 242; amended
Pub. L. 93–125, § 1(g)(i), Oct. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 450, related
to approved conservation plans as basis for contracts,
duties under contracts, and termination or modifica-
tion of contracts.
Section 1504, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1004, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 243, author-
ized furnishing of conservation materials to eligible
owners and operators.
Section 1505, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1005, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 243; amended
Pub. L. 95–113, title XV, § 1509, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat.
1022, authorized establishment of multiyear set-aside
contracts.
Section 1506, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1006, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 244, author-
ized issuance of rules and regulations as well as limita-
tions on total retired acreage.
Section 1507, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1007, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 244; amended
Pub. L. 93–125, § 1(g)(ii), Oct. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 450, di-
rected appointment of advisory boards to assist in de-
velopment of programs under this chapter.
Section 1508, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1008, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 244, directed
coordination with and utilization of Federal, State, and
local services and facili
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 1531
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1137
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 620
Sales that are reoffered shall be modified, including
minor additions or deletions, as appropriate, to reduce
adverse environmental impacts, pursuant to current
land management plans and guidelines, and such modi-
fications in themselves should not be construed to re-
quire the preparation of new or supplemental environ-
mental assessments. This section shall not apply to
any decision on the determination of damages due to
the Government for defaulted or canceled contracts.’’
§ 619. Emergency stumpage rate redetermina-
tions in Alaska
(a) Application; applicable period
Emergency stumpage rate redetermination
shall be made upon the written application of
the purchaser of National Forest timber in Alas-
ka, bid after January 1, 1974, and rates estab-
lished as a result thereof shall be effective for
timber scaled during a period between January
1, 1981, and five years from October 16, 1984.
(b) Competitive effect of modification of con-
tracts
In making the emergency rate redetermina-
tions the Secretary may modify existing con-
tract terms, including the amount of the bid
premium, in order to provide rates which will
permit the holders of contracts bid after Janu-
ary 1, 1974, to be competitive with other pur-
chasers of National Forest timber.
(c) Excepted contracts
The provisions of this section shall not apply
to contracts held by the holders of 50-year tim-
ber sale contracts in Alaska.
(Pub. L. 98–478, § 4, Oct. 16, 1984, 98 Stat. 2217.)
§ 620. Findings and purposes
(a) Findings
The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Timber is essential to the United States.
(2) Forests, forest resources, and the forest
environment are exhaustible natural resources
that require efficient and effective conserva-
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 620
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