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22 U.S.C. § 5811 — Definition of independent states
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this Act, the terms “independent states of the former Soviet Union” and “independent states” mean the following: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 67, § 5811; chapter-067-freedom-for-russia-and-emerging-eurasian-democracies-and-open-markets-support.md
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For purposes of this Act, the terms “independent states of the former Soviet Union” and “independent states” mean the following: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Short-term credit guarantees** The Commodity Credit Corporation may guarantee the repayment of credit made available to finance commercial export sales of agricultural commodities, including processed agricultural products and high-value agricultural products, from privately owned stocks on credit terms that do not exceed a 24-month period.
**(b) Purpose of program** The Commodity Credit Corporation may use export credit guarantees authorized under this section—
(1) to increase exports of agricultural commodities;
(2) to compete against foreign agricultural exports;
(3) to assist countries in meeting their food and fiber needs, particularly—
(A) developing countries; and
(B) countries that are emerging markets that have committed to carry out, or are carrying out, policies that promote economic freedom, private domestic production of food commodities for domestic consumption, and the creation and expansion of efficient domestic markets for the purchase and sale of agricultural commodities; and
(4) for such other purposes as the Secretary determines appropriate.
**(c) Restrictions on use of credit guarantees** Export credit guarantees authorized by this section shall not be used for foreign aid, foreign policy, or debt rescheduling purposes. The provisions of the cargo preference laws shall not apply to export sales with respect to which credit is guaranteed under this section.
**(d) Restrictions** The Commodity Credit Corporation shall not make credit guarantees available in connection with sales of agricultural commodities to any obligor that the Secretary determines cannot adequately service the debt associated with such sale.
**(e) Terms** Export credit guarantees issued pursuant to this section shall contain such terms and conditions as the Commo
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 5622
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Grants or contracts for educational or cultural exchanges; participation in international fairs and expositions abroad** The Director of the United States Information Agency is authorized, when he considers that it would strengthen international cooperative relations, to provide, by grant, contract, or otherwise, for—
(1) educational exchanges, (i) by financing studies, research, instruction, and other educational activities—
(A) of or for American citizens and nationals in foreign countries, and
(B) of or for citizens and nationals of foreign countries in American schools and institutions of learning located in or outside the United States;
and (ii) by financing visits and interchanges between the United States and other countries of students, trainees, teachers, instructors, and professors;
(2) cultural exchanges, by financing—
(i) visits and interchanges between the United States and other countries of leaders, experts in fields of specialized knowledge or skill, and other influential or distinguished persons;
(ii) tours in countries abroad by creative and performing artists and athletes from the United States, individually and in groups, representing any field of the arts, sports, or any other form of cultural attainment;
(iii) United States representation in international artistic, dramatic, musical, sports, and other cultural festivals, competitions, meetings, and like exhibitions and assemblies; and
(iv) participation by groups and individuals from other countries in nonprofit activities in the United States, including in coordination and consultation with the private sector, similar to those described in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph, when the Director of the United States Information Agency determines that such parti
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2452
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
All goods, wares, articles, and merchandise mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part in any foreign country by convict labor or/and forced labor or/and indentured labor under penal sanctions shall not be entitled to entry at any of the ports of the United States, and the importation thereof is hereby prohibited, and the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to prescribe such regulations as may be necessary for the enforcement of this provision.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 1307
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds and declares the following:
(1) Weather and climate change affect food production, energy use, land use, water resources and other factors vital to national security and human welfare.
(2) An ability to anticipate natural and man-induced changes in climate would contribute to the soundness of policy decisions in the public and private sectors.
(3) Significant improvements in the ability to forecast climate on an intermediate and long-term basis are possible.
(4) Information regarding climate is not being fully disseminated or used, and Federal efforts have given insufficient attention to assessing and applying this information.
(5) Climate fluctuation and change occur on a global basis, and deficiencies exist in the system for monitoring global climate changes. International cooperation for the purpose of sharing the benefits and costs of a global effort to understand climate is essential.
(6) The United States lacks a well-defined and coordinated program in climate-related research, monitoring, assessment of effects, and information utilization.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 2901
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this subchapter—
(1) the term “contractor” means a National Aeronautics and Space Administration contractor to the extent that the acquisition of space hardware, space technology, or space services from the independent states of the former Soviet Union may be relevant to the contractor’s responsibilities under the contract; and
(2) the term “designated congressional committees” means the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 5801
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Congress finds and declares that—
(1) the Arctic, onshore and offshore, contains vital energy resources that can reduce the Nation’s dependence on foreign oil and improve the national balance of payments;
(2) the Arctic is critical to national defense;
(3) the renewable resources of the Arctic, specifically fish and other seafood, represent one of the Nation’s greatest commercial assets;
(4) Arctic conditions directly affect global weather patterns and must be understood in order to promote better agricultural management throughout the United States;
(5) industrial pollution not originating in the Arctic region collects in the polar air mass, has the potential to disrupt global weather patterns, and must be controlled through international cooperation and consultation;
(6) the Arctic is a natural laboratory for research into human health and adaptation, physical and psychological, to climates of extreme cold and isolation and may provide information crucial for future defense needs;
(7) atmospheric conditions peculiar to the Arctic make the Arctic a unique testing ground for research into high latitude communications, which is likely to be crucial for future defense needs;
(8) Arctic marine technology is critical to cost-effective recovery and transportation of energy resources and to the national defense;
(9) the United States has important security, economic, and environmental interests in developing and maintaining a fleet of icebreaking vessels capable of operating effectively in the heavy ice regions of the Arctic;
(10) most Arctic-rim countries possess Arctic technologies far more advanced than those currently available in the United States;
(11) Federal Arctic research is fragmented and uncoordinated at the present time, leading to the negl
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 4101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds that it is in the national security interest of the United States—
(1) to facilitate, on a priority basis—
(A) the transportation, storage, safeguarding, and destruction of nuclear and other weapons of the independent states of the former Soviet Union, including the safe and secure storage of fissile materials, dismantlement of missiles and launchers, and the elimination of chemical and biological weapons capabilities;
(B) the prevention of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their components and destabilizing conventional weapons of the independent states of the former Soviet Union, and the establishment of verifiable safeguards against the proliferation of such weapons;
(C) the prevention of diversion of weapons-related scientific expertise of the former Soviet Union to terrorist groups or third countries; and
(D) other efforts designed to reduce the military threat from the former Soviet Union;
(2) to support the demilitarization of the massive defense-related industry and equipment of the independent states of the former Soviet Union and conversion of such industry and equipment to civilian purposes and uses; and
(3) to expand military-to-military contacts between the United States and the independent states of the former Soviet Union.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 5901
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1024, title I, § 2, 64 Stat. 987; Pub. L. 90–237, § 1, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 765, related to Congressional finding of necessity to control subversive activities.
#### Short Title
Act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1024, 64 Stat. 987, provided that: “This Act [enacting subchapters I to III of this chapter and [section 1507 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1507&num=0&edition=prelim), Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending sections 137 to 137–8, 156, 456, 457, 704, 705, 725, 729, 733, 734, and 735 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, [section 793 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section793&num=0&edition=prelim), and sections 611 and 618 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 781 and 811 of this title and [section 792 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section792&num=0&edition=prelim), and amending a provision set out as a note under [section 402 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section402&num=0&edition=prelim)] may be cited as the ‘Internal Security Act of 1950’.”
Act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1024, title I, § 1(a), 64 Stat. 987, which provided that title I of act Sept. 23, 1950, which enacted this subchapter and [section 1507 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1507&num=0&edition=prelim), Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amended sections 137 to 137–8, 156, 456, 457, 704, 705, 725, 729, 733, 734, and 735 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, [section 793 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 781
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever, within the United States, purchases or sells the bonds, securities, or other obligations of any foreign government or political subdivision thereof or any organization or association acting for or on behalf of a foreign government or political subdivision thereof, issued after April 13, 1934, or makes any loan to such foreign government, political subdivision, organization or association, except a renewal or adjustment of existing indebtedness, while such government, political subdivision, organization or association, is in default in the payment of its obligations, or any part thereof, to the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 955
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary of the Treasury shall direct the United States Executive Director of the Bank to use the voice and vote of the United States to support an increased focus on the poorest countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, and on poorer areas of better off countries, and to support programs conducted by the Multilateral Investment Fund, particularly in targeting low-income countries and populations, working with nongovernmental organizations and training and assisting former combatants from civil conflicts in Latin America.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 286aa
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