Browse Arkansas Code titles and sections

47 U.S.C. § 522 — Definitions

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

47 U.S.C. § 522 — Definitions

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 522

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. A text match is a research starting point; applicability is not established.

Original supplied file — preserved unchanged

Download original Markdown file

File SHA-256: 0ab47adbf3b70a84ac5a166efee87b9f34103cd2eaa75961191c05d934ea0b6e. The original may include catalog metadata, neighboring provisions, or embedded records outside this collection's scope. Search shows only the selected federal record. Historical editions and unverified snapshots are not a statement of current law.

Authority boundary: historical or unconfirmed source not current law verified.

Open the recorded source website ↗

Record provenance

Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_33f31eaa971bf8038bc9ae62
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-47/section-522-definitions--e1173f3dff.md
Pages: Not recorded – Not recorded
Passage SHA-256: 6218d91357b9c89d53e10fb283aed5e3e5603d5ae145812d5555de64675e36a5

Source location: Title 47, Chapter 5, § 522; chapter-005-wire-or-radio-communication.md

Stored source content

For purposes of this subchapter— (1) the term “activated channels” means those channels engineered at the headend of a cable system for the provision of services generally available to residential subscribers of the cable system, regardless of whether such services actually are provided, including any channel designated for public, educational, or governmental use; (2) the term “affiliate”, when used in relation to any person, means another person who owns or controls, is owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with, such person; (3) the term “basic cable service” means any service tier which includes the retransmission of local television broadcast signals; (4) the term “cable channel” or “channel” means a portion of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum which is used in a cable system and which is capable of delivering a television channel (as television channel is defined by the Commission by regulation); (5) the term “cable operator” means any person or group of persons (A) who provides cable service over a cable system and directly or through one or more affiliates owns a significant interest in such cable system, or (B) who otherwise controls or is responsible for, through any arrangement, the management and operation of such a cable system; (6) the term “cable service” means— (A) the one-way transmission to subscribers of (i) video programming, or (ii) other programming service, and (B) subscriber interaction, if any, which is required for the selection or use of such video programming or other programming service; (7) the term “cable system” means a facility, consisting of a set of closed transmission paths and associated signal generation, reception, and control equipment that is designed to provide cable service which includes video programming and which is provided to multiple subscribers within a community, but such term does not include (A) a facility that serves only to retransmit the television signals of 1 or more television broadcast stations; (B) a facility that serves subscribers without using any public right-of-way; (C) a facility of a common carrier which is subject, in whole or in part, to the provisions of subchapter II of this chapter, except that such facility shall be considered a cable system (other than for purposes of [section 541(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section541/c&num=0&edition=prelim)) to the extent such facility is used in the transmission of video programming directly to subscribers, unless the extent of such use is solely to provide interactive on-demand services; (D) an open video system that complies with [section 573 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section573&num=0&edition=prelim); or (E) any facilities of any electric utility used solely for operating its electric utility system; (8) the term “Federal agency” means any agency of the United States, including the Commission; (9) the term “franchise” means an initial authorization, or renewal thereof (including a renewal of an authorization which has been granted subject to [section 546 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section546&num=0&edition=prelim)), issued by a franchising authority, whether such authorization is designated as a franchise, permit, license, resolution, contract, certificate, agreement, or otherwise, which authorizes the construction or operation of a cable system; (10) the term “franchising authority” means any governmental entity empowered by Federal, State, or local law to grant a franchise; (11) the term “grade B contour” means the field strength of a television broadcast station computed in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Commission; (12) the term “interactive on-demand services” means a service providing video programming to subscribers over switched networks on an on-demand, point-to-point basis, but does not include services providing video programming prescheduled by the programming provider; (13) the term “multichannel video programming distributor” means a person such as, but not limited to, a cable operator, a multichannel multipoint distribution service, a direct broadcast satellite service, or a television receive-only satellite program distributor, who makes available for purchase, by subscribers or customers, multiple channels of video programming; (14) the term “other programming service” means information that a cable operator makes available to all subscribers generally; (15) the term “person” means an individual, partnership, association, joint stock company, trust, corporation, or governmental entity; (16) the term “public, educational, or governmental access facilities” means— (A) channel capacity designated for public, educational, or governmental use; and (B) facilities and equipment for the use of such channel capacity; (17) the term “service tier” means a category of cable service or other services provided by a cable operator and for which a separate rate is charged by the cable operator; (18) the term “State” means any State, or political subdivision, or agency thereof; (19) the term “usable activated channels” means activated channels of a cable system, except those channels whose use for the distribution of broadcast signals would conflict with technical and safety regulations as determined by the Commission; and (20) the term “video programming” means programming provided by, or generally considered comparable to programming provided by, a television broadcast station.

Cross-references

Connections may be documented source relationships, shared citations or nearby passages. Each explains its basis; a connection alone does not establish applicability to your situation.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

47 U.S.C. § 521 — Purposes

The purposes of this subchapter are to— (1) establish a national policy concerning cable communications; (2) establish franchise procedures and standards which encourage the growth and development of cable systems and which assure that cable systems are responsive to the needs and interests of the local community; (3) establish guidelines for the exercise of Federal, State, and local authority with respect to the regulation of cable systems; (4) assure that cable communications provide and are encouraged to provide the widest possible diversity of information sources and services to the public; (5) establish an orderly process for franchise renewal which protects cable operators against unfair denials of renewal where the operator’s past performance and proposal for future performance meet the standards established by this subchapter; and (6) promote competition in cable communications and minimize unnecessary regulation that would impose an undue economic burden on cable systems.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 521

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

47 U.S.C. § 546 — Renewal

**(a) Commencement of proceedings; public notice and participation** (1) A franchising authority may, on its own initiative during the 6-month period which begins with the 36th month before the franchise expiration, commence a proceeding which affords the public in the franchise area appropriate notice and participation for the purpose of (A) identifying the future cable-related community needs and interests, and (B) reviewing the performance of the cable operator under the franchise during the then current franchise term. If the cable operator submits, during such 6-month period, a written renewal notice requesting the commencement of such a proceeding, the franchising authority shall commence such a proceeding not later than 6 months after the date such notice is submitted. (2) The cable operator may not invoke the renewal procedures set forth in subsections (b) through (g) unless— (A) such a proceeding is requested by the cable operator by timely submission of such notice; or (B) such a proceeding is commenced by the franchising authority on its own initiative. **(b) Submission of renewal proposals; contents; time** (1) Upon completion of a proceeding under subsection (a), a cable operator seeking renewal of a franchise may, on its own initiative or at the request of a franchising authority, submit a proposal for renewal. (2) Subject to [section 544 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section544&num=0&edition=prelim), any such proposal shall contain such material as the franchising authority may require, including proposals for an upgrade of the cable system. (3) The franchising authority may establish a date by which such proposal shall be submitted. **(c) Notice of proposal; renewal; preliminary assessmen

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 546

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

47 U.S.C. § 573 — Establishment of open video systems

**(a) Open video systems** (1) **Certificates of compliance** — A local exchange carrier may provide cable service to its cable service subscribers in its telephone service area through an open video system that complies with this section. To the extent permitted by such regulations as the Commission may prescribe consistent with the public interest, convenience, and necessity, an operator of a cable system or any other person may provide video programming through an open video system that complies with this section. An operator of an open video system shall qualify for reduced regulatory burdens under subsection (c) of this section if the operator of such system certifies to the Commission that such carrier complies with the Commission’s regulations under subsection (b) and the Commission approves such certification. The Commission shall publish notice of the receipt of any such certification and shall act to approve or disapprove any such certification within 10 days after receipt of such certification. (2) **Dispute resolution** — The Commission shall have the authority to resolve disputes under this section and the regulations prescribed thereunder. Any such dispute shall be resolved within 180 days after notice of such dispute is submitted to the Commission. At that time or subsequently in a separate damages proceeding, the Commission may, in the case of any violation of this section, require carriage, award damages to any person denied carriage, or any combination of such sanctions. Any aggrieved party may seek any other remedy available under this chapter. **(b) Commission actions** (1) **Regulations required** — Within 6 months after February 8, 1996, the Commission shall complete all actions necessary (including any reconsideration) to prescribe regulations

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 573

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

47 U.S.C. § 325 — False, fraudulent, or unauthorized transmissions

**(a) False distress signals; rebroadcasting programs** No person within the jurisdiction of the United States shall knowingly utter or transmit, or cause to be uttered or transmitted, any false or fraudulent signal of distress, or communication relating thereto, nor shall any broadcasting station rebroadcast the program or any part thereof of another broadcasting station without the express authority of the originating station. **(b) Consent to retransmission of broadcasting station signals** (1) No cable system or other multichannel video programming distributor shall retransmit the signal of a broadcasting station, or any part thereof, except— (A) with the express authority of the originating station; (B) under [section 534 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section534&num=0&edition=prelim), in the case of a station electing, in accordance with this subsection, to assert the right to carriage under such section; or (C) under [section 338 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section338&num=0&edition=prelim), in the case of a station electing, in accordance with this subsection, to assert the right to carriage under such section. (2) This subsection shall not apply— (A) to retransmission of the signal of a noncommercial television broadcast station; (B) to retransmission of the signal of a television broadcast station outside the station’s local market by a satellite carrier directly to its subscribers, if— (i) such station was a superstation on May 1, 1991; (ii) as of July 1, 1998, such station was retransmitted by a satellite carrier under the statutory license of [section 119 of title 17](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-pr

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 325

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

17 U.S.C. § 1202 — Integrity of copyright management information

**(a) False Copyright Management Information.—** No person shall knowingly and with the intent to induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal infringement— (1) provide copyright management information that is false, or (2) distribute or import for distribution copyright management information that is false. **(b) Removal or Alteration of Copyright Management Information.—** No person shall, without the authority of the copyright owner or the law— (1) intentionally remove or alter any copyright management information, (2) distribute or import for distribution copyright management information knowing that the copyright management information has been removed or altered without authority of the copyright owner or the law, or (3) distribute, import for distribution, or publicly perform works, copies of works, or phonorecords, knowing that copyright management information has been removed or altered without authority of the copyright owner or the law, knowing, or, with respect to civil remedies under section 1203, having reasonable grounds to know, that it will induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal an infringement of any right under this title. **(c) Definition.—** As used in this section, the term “copyright management information” means any of the following information conveyed in connection with copies or phonorecords of a work or performances or displays of a work, including in digital form, except that such term does not include any personally identifying information about a user of a work or of a copy, phonorecord, performance, or display of a work: (1) The title and other information identifying the work, including the information set forth on a notice of copyright. (2) The name of, and other identifying information about, the author of a work. (3) The name of,

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 17 U.S.C. § 1202

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Incoming connection: Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

47 U.S.C. § 1411 — Definitions

In this chapter: (1) **700 MHz band** — The term “700 MHz band” means the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between the frequencies from 698 megahertz to 806 megahertz. (2) **700 MHz D block spectrum** — The term “700 MHz D block spectrum” means the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between the frequencies from 758 megahertz to 763 megahertz and between the frequencies from 788 megahertz to 793 megahertz. (3) **Appropriate committees of Congress** — Except as otherwise specifically provided, the term “appropriate committees of Congress” means— (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives. (4) **Assistant Secretary** — The term “Assistant Secretary” means the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information. (5) **Board** — The term “Board” means the Board of the First Responder Network Authority established under [section 1424(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section1424/b&num=0&edition=prelim). (6) **Broadcast television licensee** — The term “broadcast television licensee” means the licensee of— (A) a full-power television station; or (B) a low-power television station that has been accorded primary status as a Class A television licensee under section 73.6001(a) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations. (7) **Broadcast television spectrum** — The term “broadcast television spectrum” means the portions of the electromagnetic spectrum between the frequencies from 54 megahertz to 72 megahertz, from 76 megahertz to 88 megahertz, from 174 megahertz to 216 megahertz, and from 470 megahertz to 698 megahertz. (8) **Commercial mobile data service** — The term “commercia

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 1411

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Incoming connection: Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

47 U.S.C. § 153 — Definitions

For the purposes of this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires— (1) **Advanced communications services** — The term “advanced communications services” means— (A) interconnected VoIP service; (B) non-interconnected VoIP service; (C) electronic messaging service; (D) interoperable video conferencing service; and (E) any audio or video communications service used by inmates for the purpose of communicating with individuals outside the correctional institution where the inmate is held, regardless of technology used. (2) **Affiliate** — The term “affiliate” means a person that (directly or indirectly) owns or controls, is owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with, another person. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “own” means to own an equity interest (or the equivalent thereof) of more than 10 percent. (3) **Amateur station** — The term “amateur station” means a radio station operated by a duly authorized person interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest. (4) **AT&T Consent Decree** — The term “AT&T Consent Decree” means the order entered August 24, 1982, in the antitrust action styled United States v. Western Electric, Civil Action No. 82–0192, in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, and includes any judgment or order with respect to such action entered on or after August 24, 1982. (5) **Bell operating company** — The term “Bell operating company”— (A) means any of the following companies: Bell Telephone Company of Nevada, Illinois Bell Telephone Company, Indiana Bell Telephone Company, Incorporated, Michigan Bell Telephone Company, New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, New Jersey Bell Telephone Company, New York Telephone Company,

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 153

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Incoming connection: Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

47 U.S.C. § 163 — Communications marketplace report

**(a) In general** In the last quarter of every even-numbered year, the Commission shall publish on its website and submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the state of the communications marketplace. **(b) Contents** Each report required by subsection (a) shall— (1) assess the state of competition in the communications marketplace, including competition to deliver voice, video, audio, and data services among providers of telecommunications, providers of commercial mobile service (as defined in [section 332 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section332&num=0&edition=prelim)), multichannel video programming distributors (as defined in [section 522 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section522&num=0&edition=prelim)), broadcast stations, providers of satellite communications, Internet service providers, and other providers of communications services; (2) assess the state of deployment of communications capabilities, including advanced telecommunications capability (as defined in [section 1302 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section1302&num=0&edition=prelim)), regardless of the technology used for such deployment; (3) assess whether laws, regulations, regulatory practices (whether those of the Federal Government, States, political subdivisions of States, Indian tribes or tribal organizations (as such terms are defined in [section 5304 of title 25](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section5304&num=0&edition=prelim)), or foreign governments), or demonstrated marketplac

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 163

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Incoming connection: Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

47 U.S.C. § 271 — Bell operating company entry into interLATA services

**(a) General limitation** Neither a Bell operating company, nor any affiliate of a Bell operating company, may provide interLATA services except as provided in this section. **(b) InterLATA services to which this section applies** (1) **In-region services** — A Bell operating company, or any affiliate of that Bell operating company, may provide interLATA services originating in any of its in-region States (as defined in subsection (i)) if the Commission approves the application of such company for such State under subsection (d)(3). (2) **Out-of-region services** — A Bell operating company, or any affiliate of that Bell operating company, may provide interLATA services originating outside its in-region States after February 8, 1996, subject to subsection (j). (3) **Incidental interLATA services** — A Bell operating company, or any affiliate of a Bell operating company, may provide incidental interLATA services (as defined in subsection (g)) originating in any State after February 8, 1996. (4) **Termination** — Nothing in this section prohibits a Bell operating company or any of its affiliates from providing termination for interLATA services, subject to subsection (j). **(c) Requirements for providing certain in-region interLATA services** (1) **Agreement or statement** — A Bell operating company meets the requirements of this paragraph if it meets the requirements of subparagraph (A) or subparagraph (B) of this paragraph for each State for which the authorization is sought. (A) *Presence of a facilities-based competitor* — A Bell operating company meets the requirements of this subparagraph if it has entered into one or more binding agreements that have been approved under [section 252 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prel

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 271

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Incoming connection: Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

47 U.S.C. § 303a — Standards for children’s television programming

**(a) Establishment** The Commission shall, within 30 days after October 18, 1990, initiate a rulemaking proceeding to prescribe standards applicable to commercial television broadcast licensees with respect to the time devoted to commercial matter in conjunction with children’s television programming. The Commission shall, within 180 days after October 18, 1990, complete the rulemaking proceeding and prescribe final standards that meet the requirements of subsection (b). **(b) Advertising duration limitations** Except as provided in subsection (c), the standards prescribed under subsection (a) shall include the requirement that each commercial television broadcast licensee shall limit the duration of advertising in children’s television programming to not more than 10.5 minutes per hour on weekends and not more than 12 minutes per hour on weekdays. **(c) Review of advertising duration limitations; modification** After January 1, 1993, the Commission— (1) may review and evaluate the advertising duration limitations required by subsection (b); and (2) may, after notice and public comment and a demonstration of the need for modification of such limitations, modify such limitations in accordance with the public interest. **(d) “Commercial television broadcast licensee” defined** As used in this section, the term “commercial television broadcast licensee” includes a cable operator, as defined in [section 522 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section522&num=0&edition=prelim).

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 303a

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Incoming connection: Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.