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47 U.S.C. § 521 — Purposes
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purposes of this subchapter are to—
(1) establish a national policy concerning cable communications;
(2) establish franchise procedures and standards which encourage the growth and development of cable systems and which assure that cable systems are responsive to the needs and interests of the local community;
(3) establish guidelines for the exercise of Federal, State, and local authority with respect to the regulation of cable systems;
(4) assure that cable communications provide and are encouraged to provide the widest possible diversity of information sources and services to the public;
(5) establish an orderly process for franchise renewal which protects cable operators against unfair denials of renewal where the operator’s past performance and proposal for future performance meet the standards established by this subchapter; and
(6) promote competition in cable communications and minimize unnecessary regulation that would impose an undue economic burden on cable systems.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 521
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_33803dfbce03116016396bf8
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-47/section-521-purposes--ff7f94ef6f.md
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Source location: Title 47, Chapter 5, § 521; chapter-005-wire-or-radio-communication.md
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The purposes of this subchapter are to—
(1) establish a national policy concerning cable communications;
(2) establish franchise procedures and standards which encourage the growth and development of cable systems and which assure that cable systems are responsive to the needs and interests of the local community;
(3) establish guidelines for the exercise of Federal, State, and local authority with respect to the regulation of cable systems;
(4) assure that cable communications provide and are encouraged to provide the widest possible diversity of information sources and services to the public;
(5) establish an orderly process for franchise renewal which protects cable operators against unfair denials of renewal where the operator’s past performance and proposal for future performance meet the standards established by this subchapter; and
(6) promote competition in cable communications and minimize unnecessary regulation that would impose an undue economic burden on cable systems.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter any person who— (a) intentionally intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept, any wire, oral, or electronic communication; (b) intentionally uses, endeavors to use, or procures any other person to use or endeavor to use any electronic, mechanical, or other device to intercept any oral communication when—(i) such device is affixed to, or otherwise transmits a signal through, a wire, cable, or other like connection used in wire communication; or (ii) such device transmits communications by radio, or interferes with the transmission of such communication; or (iii) such person knows, or has reason to know, that such device or any component thereof has been sent through the mail or transported in interstate or foreign commerce; or (iv) such use or endeavor to use (A) takes place on the premises of any business or other commercial establishment the operations of which affect interstate or foreign commerce; or (B) obtains or is for the purpose of obtaining information relating to the operations of any business or other commercial establishment the operations of which affect interstate or foreign commerce; or (v) such person acts in the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States; (c) intentionally discloses, or endeavors to disclose, to any other person the contents of any wire, oral, or electronic communication, knowing or having reason to know that the information was obtained through the interception of a wire, oral, or electronic communication in violation of this subsection; (d) intentionally uses, or endeavors to use, the contents of any wire, oral, or electronic communication, knowing or
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 2511
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
This chapter may be cited as the “Communications Act of 1934.”
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 609
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purpose of regulating interstate and foreign commerce in communication by wire and radio so as to make available, so far as possible, to all the people of the United States, without discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex, a rapid, efficient, Nation-wide, and world-wide wire and radio communication service with adequate facilities at reasonable charges, for the purpose of the national defense, for the purpose of promoting safety of life and property through the use of wire and radio communications, and for the purpose of securing a more effective execution of this policy by centralizing authority heretofore granted by law to several agencies and by granting additional authority with respect to interstate and foreign commerce in wire and radio communication, there is created a commission to be known as the “Federal Communications Commission”, which shall be constituted as hereinafter provided, and which shall execute and enforce the provisions of this chapter.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 151
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Necessary findings** Upon an application made pursuant to [section 1804 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1804&num=0&edition=prelim), the judge shall enter an ex parte order as requested or as modified approving the electronic surveillance if he finds that—
(1) the application has been made by a Federal officer and approved by the Attorney General;
(2) on the basis of the facts submitted by the applicant there is probable cause to believe that—
(A) the target of the electronic surveillance is a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power: Provided, That no United States person may be considered a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power solely upon the basis of activities protected by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States; and
(B) each of the facilities or places at which the electronic surveillance is directed is being used, or is about to be used, by a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power;
(3) the proposed minimization procedures meet the definition of minimization procedures under [section 1801(h) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1801/h&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(4) the application which has been filed contains all statements and certifications required by [section 1804 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1804&num=0&edition=prelim) and, if the target is a United States person, the certification or certifications are not clearly erroneous on the basis of the statement made under section 1804(a)(7)(E) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title and any other information furnished under section 1804(d) 1 of this title.
**(b) Determination of
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1805
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Any television public service announcement that is produced or funded in whole or in part by any agency or instrumentality of Federal Government shall include closed captioning of the verbal content of such announcement. A television broadcast station licensee—
(1) shall not be required to supply closed captioning for any such announcement that fails to include it; and
(2) shall not be liable for broadcasting any such announcement without transmitting a closed caption unless the licensee intentionally fails to transmit the closed caption that was included with the announcement.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 611
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The provisions of this chapter shall apply to all interstate and foreign communication by wire or radio and all interstate and foreign transmission of energy by radio, which originates and/or is received within the United States, and to all persons engaged within the United States in such communication or such transmission of energy by radio, and to the licensing and regulating of all radio stations as hereinafter provided; but it shall not apply to persons engaged in wire or radio communication or transmission in the Canal Zone, or to wire or radio communication or transmission wholly within the Canal Zone. The provisions of this chapter shall apply with respect to cable service, to all persons engaged within the United States in providing such service, and to the facilities of cable operators which relate to such service, as provided in subchapter V–A.
**(b)** Except as provided in sections 223 through 227 of this title, inclusive, [section 276 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section276&num=0&edition=prelim), and [section 332 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section332&num=0&edition=prelim), and subject to the provisions of [section 301 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section301&num=0&edition=prelim) and subchapter V–A, nothing in this chapter shall be construed to apply or to give the Commission jurisdiction with respect to (1) charges, classifications, practices, services, facilities, or regulations for or in connection with intrastate communication service by wire or radio of any carrier, or (2) any carrier engaged in interstate or foreign communication solely through physical connection with the facilit
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 152
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** As used in this section:
(1) The term “utility” means any person who is a local exchange carrier or an electric, gas, water, steam, or other public utility, and who owns or controls poles, ducts, conduits, or rights-of-way used, in whole or in part, for any wire communications. Such term does not include any railroad, any person who is cooperatively organized, or any person owned by the Federal Government or any State.
(2) The term “Federal Government” means the Government of the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
(3) The term “State” means any State, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, or any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof.
(4) The term “pole attachment” means any attachment by a cable television system or provider of telecommunications service to a pole, duct, conduit, or right-of-way owned or controlled by a utility.
(5) For purposes of this section, the term “telecommunications carrier” (as defined in [section 153 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section153&num=0&edition=prelim)) does not include any incumbent local exchange carrier as defined in [section 251(h) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section251/h&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Authority of Commission to regulate rates, terms, and conditions; enforcement powers; promulgation of regulations**
(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, the Commission shall regulate the rates, terms, and conditions for pole attachments to provide that such rates, terms, and conditions are just and reasonable, and shall adopt procedures necessary and appropriate to hear and resolve complaints conc
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 224
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Considerations in granting application** Subject to the provisions of this section, the Commission shall determine, in the case of each application filed with it to which [section 308 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section308&num=0&edition=prelim) applies, whether the public interest, convenience, and necessity will be served by the granting of such application, and, if the Commission, upon examination of such application and upon consideration of such other matters as the Commission may officially notice, shall find that public interest, convenience, and necessity would be served by the granting thereof, it shall grant such application.
**(b) Time of granting application** Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, no such application—
(1) for an instrument of authorization in the case of a station in the broadcasting or common carrier services, or
(2) for an instrument of authorization in the case of a station in any of the following categories:
(A) industrial radio positioning stations for which frequencies are assigned on an exclusive basis,
(B) aeronautical en route stations,
(C) aeronautical advisory stations,
(D) airdrome control stations,
(E) aeronautical fixed stations, and
(F) such other stations or classes of stations, not in the broadcasting or common carrier services, as the Commission shall by rule prescribe,
shall be granted by the Commission earlier than thirty days following issuance of public notice by the Commission of the acceptance for filing of such application or of any substantial amendment thereof.
**(c) Applications not affected by subsection (b)** Subsection (b) of this section shall not apply—
(1) to any minor amendment of an application to which such
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 309
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this subchapter—
(1) the term “activated channels” means those channels engineered at the headend of a cable system for the provision of services generally available to residential subscribers of the cable system, regardless of whether such services actually are provided, including any channel designated for public, educational, or governmental use;
(2) the term “affiliate”, when used in relation to any person, means another person who owns or controls, is owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with, such person;
(3) the term “basic cable service” means any service tier which includes the retransmission of local television broadcast signals;
(4) the term “cable channel” or “channel” means a portion of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum which is used in a cable system and which is capable of delivering a television channel (as television channel is defined by the Commission by regulation);
(5) the term “cable operator” means any person or group of persons (A) who provides cable service over a cable system and directly or through one or more affiliates owns a significant interest in such cable system, or (B) who otherwise controls or is responsible for, through any arrangement, the management and operation of such a cable system;
(6) the term “cable service” means—
(A) the one-way transmission to subscribers of (i) video programming, or (ii) other programming service, and
(B) subscriber interaction, if any, which is required for the selection or use of such video programming or other programming service;
(7) the term “cable system” means a facility, consisting of a set of closed transmission paths and associated signal generation, reception, and control equipment that is designed to provide cable service which incl
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 522
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authority to establish requirements with respect to designation or use of channel capacity** A franchising authority may establish requirements in a franchise with respect to the designation or use of channel capacity for public, educational, or governmental use only to the extent provided in this section.
**(b) Authority to require designation for public, educational, or governmental use** A franchising authority may in its request for proposals require as part of a franchise, and may require as part of a cable operator’s proposal for a franchise renewal, subject to [section 546 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section546&num=0&edition=prelim), that channel capacity be designated for public, educational, or governmental use, and channel capacity on institutional networks be designated for educational or governmental use, and may require rules and procedures for the use of the channel capacity designated pursuant to this section.
**(c) Enforcement authority** A franchising authority may enforce any requirement in any franchise regarding the providing or use of such channel capacity. Such enforcement authority includes the authority to enforce any provisions of the franchise for services, facilities, or equipment proposed by the cable operator which relate to public, educational, or governmental use of channel capacity, whether or not required by the franchising authority pursuant to subsection (b).
**(d) Promulgation of rules and procedures** In the case of any franchise under which channel capacity is designated under subsection (b), the franchising authority shall prescribe—
(1) rules and procedures under which the cable operator is permitted to use such channel capacity for the provision of other services i
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 531
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