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47 U.S.C. § 151 — Purposes of chapter; Federal Communications Commission created
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purpose of regulating interstate and foreign commerce in communication by wire and radio so as to make available, so far as possible, to all the people of the United States, without discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex, a rapid, efficient, Nation-wide, and world-wide wire and radio communication service with adequate facilities at reasonable charges, for the purpose of the national defense, for the purpose of promoting safety of life and property through the use of wire and radio communications, and for the purpose of securing a more effective execution of this policy by centralizing authority heretofore granted by law to several agencies and by granting additional authority with respect to interstate and foreign commerce in wire and radio communication, there is created a commission to be known as the “Federal Communications Commission”, which shall be constituted as hereinafter provided, and which shall execute and enforce the provisions of this chapter.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 151
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_9e7b341068b9b77e36e95679
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-47/section-151-purposes-of-chapter-federal-communications-commission-created--11cb0e4610.md
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Source location: Title 47, Chapter 5, § 151; chapter-005-wire-or-radio-communication.md
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For the purpose of regulating interstate and foreign commerce in communication by wire and radio so as to make available, so far as possible, to all the people of the United States, without discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex, a rapid, efficient, Nation-wide, and world-wide wire and radio communication service with adequate facilities at reasonable charges, for the purpose of the national defense, for the purpose of promoting safety of life and property through the use of wire and radio communications, and for the purpose of securing a more effective execution of this policy by centralizing authority heretofore granted by law to several agencies and by granting additional authority with respect to interstate and foreign commerce in wire and radio communication, there is created a commission to be known as the “Federal Communications Commission”, which shall be constituted as hereinafter provided, and which shall execute and enforce the provisions of this chapter.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Procedures to review universal service requirements**
(1) **Federal-State Joint Board on universal service** — Within one month after February 8, 1996, the Commission shall institute and refer to a Federal-State Joint Board under [section 410(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section410/c&num=0&edition=prelim) a proceeding to recommend changes to any of its regulations in order to implement sections 214(e) of this title and this section, including the definition of the services that are supported by Federal universal service support mechanisms and a specific timetable for completion of such recommendations. In addition to the members of the Joint Board required under [section 410(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section410/c&num=0&edition=prelim), one member of such Joint Board shall be a State-appointed utility consumer advocate nominated by a national organization of State utility consumer advocates. The Joint Board shall, after notice and opportunity for public comment, make its recommendations to the Commission 9 months after February 8, 1996.
(2) **Commission action** — The Commission shall initiate a single proceeding to implement the recommendations from the Joint Board required by paragraph (1) and shall complete such proceeding within 15 months after February 8, 1996. The rules established by such proceeding shall include a definition of the services that are supported by Federal universal service support mechanisms and a specific timetable for implementation. Thereafter, the Commission shall complete any proceeding to implement subsequent recommendations from any Joint Board on universal service within one year after receiving such recommendations
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 254
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Payment under terms of franchise** Subject to the limitation of subsection (b), any cable operator may be required under the terms of any franchise to pay a franchise fee.
**(b) Amount of fees per annum** For any twelve-month period, the franchise fees paid by a cable operator with respect to any cable system shall not exceed 5 percent of such cable operator’s gross revenues derived in such period from the operation of the cable system to provide cable services. For purposes of this section, the 12-month period shall be the 12-month period applicable under the franchise for accounting purposes. Nothing in this subsection shall prohibit a franchising authority and a cable operator from agreeing that franchise fees which lawfully could be collected for any such 12-month period shall be paid on a prepaid or deferred basis; except that the sum of the fees paid during the term of the franchise may not exceed the amount, including the time value of money, which would have lawfully been collected if such fees had been paid per annum.
**(c) Itemization of subscriber bills** Each cable operator may identify, consistent with the regulations prescribed by the Commission pursuant to [section 543 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section543&num=0&edition=prelim), as a separate line item on each regular bill of each subscriber, each of the following:
(1) The amount of the total bill assessed as a franchise fee and the identity of the franchising authority to which the fee is paid.
(2) The amount of the total bill assessed to satisfy any requirements imposed on the cable operator by the franchise agreement to support public, educational, or governmental channels or the use of such channels.
(3) The amount of any other fee, t
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 542
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Tax imposed**
(1) **In general** — There is hereby imposed on amounts paid for communications services a tax equal to the applicable percentage of amounts so paid.
(2) **Payment of tax** — The tax imposed by this section shall be paid by the person paying for such services.
**(b) Definitions** For purposes of subsection (a)—
(1) **Communications services** — The term “communications services” means—
(A) local telephone service;
(B) toll telephone service; and
(C) teletypewriter exchange service.
(2) **Applicable percentage** — The term “applicable percentage” means 3 percent.
**(c) Special rule** For purposes of subsections (a) and (b), in the case of communications services rendered before November 1 of a calendar year for which a bill has not been rendered before the close of such year, a bill shall be treated as having been first rendered on December 31 of such year.
**(d) Treatment of prepaid telephone cards**
(1) **In general** — For purposes of this subchapter, in the case of communications services acquired by means of a prepaid telephone card—
(A) the face amount of such card shall be treated as the amount paid for such communications services, and
(B) that amount shall be treated as paid when the card is transferred by any telecommunications carrier to any person who is not such a carrier.
(2) **Determination of face amount in absence of specified dollar amount** — In the case of any prepaid telephone card which entitles the user other than to a specified dollar amount of use, the face amount shall be determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(3) **Prepaid telephone card** — For purposes of this subsection, the term “prepaid telephone card” means any card or any other similar arrangement which permits its holder to
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 4251
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires—
(1) **Advanced communications services** — The term “advanced communications services” means—
(A) interconnected VoIP service;
(B) non-interconnected VoIP service;
(C) electronic messaging service;
(D) interoperable video conferencing service; and
(E) any audio or video communications service used by inmates for the purpose of communicating with individuals outside the correctional institution where the inmate is held, regardless of technology used.
(2) **Affiliate** — The term “affiliate” means a person that (directly or indirectly) owns or controls, is owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with, another person. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “own” means to own an equity interest (or the equivalent thereof) of more than 10 percent.
(3) **Amateur station** — The term “amateur station” means a radio station operated by a duly authorized person interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest.
(4) **AT&T Consent Decree** — The term “AT&T Consent Decree” means the order entered August 24, 1982, in the antitrust action styled United States v. Western Electric, Civil Action No. 82–0192, in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, and includes any judgment or order with respect to such action entered on or after August 24, 1982.
(5) **Bell operating company** — The term “Bell operating company”—
(A) means any of the following companies: Bell Telephone Company of Nevada, Illinois Bell Telephone Company, Indiana Bell Telephone Company, Incorporated, Michigan Bell Telephone Company, New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, New Jersey Bell Telephone Company, New York Telephone Company,
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 153
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
This chapter may be cited as the “Communications Act of 1934.”
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 609
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, is declared to be illegal. Every person who shall make any contract or engage in any combination or conspiracy hereby declared to be illegal shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding $100,000,000 if a corporation, or, if any other person, $1,000,000, or by imprisonment not exceeding 10 years, or by both said punishments, in the discretion of the court.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 1
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Affirmative consent** — The term “affirmative consent”, when used with respect to a commercial electronic mail message, means that—
(A) the recipient expressly consented to receive the message, either in response to a clear and conspicuous request for such consent or at the recipient’s own initiative; and
(B) if the message is from a party other than the party to which the recipient communicated such consent, the recipient was given clear and conspicuous notice at the time the consent was communicated that the recipient’s electronic mail address could be transferred to such other party for the purpose of initiating commercial electronic mail messages.
(2) **Commercial electronic mail message**
(A) *In general* — The term “commercial electronic mail message” means any electronic mail message the primary purpose of which is the commercial advertisement or promotion of a commercial product or service (including content on an Internet website operated for a commercial purpose).
(B) *Transactional or relationship messages* — The term “commercial electronic mail message” does not include a transactional or relationship message.
(C) *Regulations regarding primary purpose* — Not later than 12 months after December 16, 2003, the Commission shall issue regulations pursuant to [section 7711 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section7711&num=0&edition=prelim) defining the relevant criteria to facilitate the determination of the primary purpose of an electronic mail message.
(D) *Reference to company or website* — The inclusion of a reference to a commercial entity or a link to the website of a commercial entity in an electronic mail message does not, by itself, cause such message to be treat
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 7702
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Violation is unfair or deceptive act or practice** Except as provided in subsection (b), this chapter shall be enforced by the Commission as if the violation of this chapter were an unfair or deceptive act or practice proscribed under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act ([15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57a/a/1/B&num=0&edition=prelim)).
**(b) Enforcement by certain other agencies** Compliance with this chapter shall be enforced—
(1) under section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act ([12 U.S.C. 1818](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1818&num=0&edition=prelim)), in the case of—
(A) national banks, and Federal branches and Federal agencies of foreign banks, by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency;
(B) member banks of the Federal Reserve System (other than national banks), branches and agencies of foreign banks (other than Federal branches, Federal agencies, and insured State branches of foreign banks), commercial lending companies owned or controlled by foreign banks, organizations operating under section 25 or 25A of the Federal Reserve Act ([12 U.S.C. 601](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section601&num=0&edition=prelim) and 611), and bank holding companies, by the Board;
(C) banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (other than members of the Federal Reserve System) and insured State branches of foreign banks, by the Board of Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; and
(D) savings associations the deposits of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, by the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision;
(2) under the Fed
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 7706
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Prohibition** It shall be unlawful for any issuer which has a class of securities registered pursuant to section 78l of this title or which is required to file reports under section 78o(d) of this title, or for any officer, director, employee, or agent of such issuer or any stockholder thereof acting on behalf of such issuer, to make use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment of any money, or offer, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything of value to—
(1) any foreign official for purposes of—
(A)
(i) influencing any act or decision of such foreign official in his official capacity, (ii) inducing such foreign official to do or omit to do any act in violation of the lawful duty of such official, or (iii) securing any improper advantage; or
(B) inducing such foreign official to use his influence with a foreign government or instrumentality thereof to affect or influence any act or decision of such government or instrumentality,
in order to assist such issuer in obtaining or retaining business for or with, or directing business to, any person;
(2) any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office for purposes of—
(A)
(i) influencing any act or decision of such party, official, or candidate in its or his official capacity, (ii) inducing such party, official, or candidate to do or omit to do an act in violation of the lawful duty of such party, official, or candidate, or (iii) securing any improper advantage; or
(B) inducing such party, official, or candidate to use its or his influence with a foreign government or instrumentality thereof to affect or in
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 78dd–1
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Certain Secondary Transmissions Exempted.—** The secondary transmission of a performance or display of a work embodied in a primary transmission is not an infringement of copyright if—
(1) the secondary transmission is not made by a cable system, and consists entirely of the relaying, by the management of a hotel, apartment house, or similar establishment, of signals transmitted by a broadcast station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission, within the local service area of such station, to the private lodgings of guests or residents of such establishment, and no direct charge is made to see or hear the secondary transmission; or
(2) the secondary transmission is made solely for the purpose and under the conditions specified by paragraph (2) of section 110; or
(3) the secondary transmission is made by any carrier who has no direct or indirect control over the content or selection of the primary transmission or over the particular recipients of the secondary transmission, and whose activities with respect to the secondary transmission consist solely of providing wires, cables, or other communications channels for the use of others: Provided, That the provisions of this paragraph extend only to the activities of said carrier with respect to secondary transmissions and do not exempt from liability the activities of others with respect to their own primary or secondary transmissions;
(4) the secondary transmission is made by a satellite carrier pursuant to a statutory license under section 119 or section 122;
(5) the secondary transmission is not made by a cable system but is made by a governmental body, or other nonprofit organization, without any purpose of direct or indirect commercial advantage, and without charge to the recipients of the secondary
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 17 U.S.C. § 111
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