Browse Arkansas Code titles and sections
17 U.S.C. § 1202 — Integrity of copyright management information
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) False Copyright Management Information.—** No person shall knowingly and with the intent to induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal infringement—
(1) provide copyright management information that is false, or
(2) distribute or import for distribution copyright management information that is false.
**(b) Removal or Alteration of Copyright Management Information.—** No person shall, without the authority of the copyright owner or the law—
(1) intentionally remove or alter any copyright management information,
(2) distribute or import for distribution copyright management information knowing that the copyright management information has been removed or altered without authority of the copyright owner or the law, or
(3) distribute, import for distribution, or publicly perform works, copies of works, or phonorecords, knowing that copyright management information has been removed or altered without authority of the copyright owner or the law,
knowing, or, with respect to civil remedies under section 1203, having reasonable grounds to know, that it will induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal an infringement of any right under this title.
**(c) Definition.—** As used in this section, the term “copyright management information” means any of the following information conveyed in connection with copies or phonorecords of a work or performances or displays of a work, including in digital form, except that such term does not include any personally identifying information about a user of a work or of a copy, phonorecord, performance, or display of a work:
(1) The title and other information identifying the work, including the information set forth on a notice of copyright.
(2) The name of, and other identifying information about, the author of a work.
(3) The name of,
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 17 U.S.C. § 1202
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. A text match is a research starting point; applicability is not established.
Original supplied file — preserved unchanged
Download original Markdown file
File SHA-256: 96f5a9565519ad9c02d34d903eb496d5897140afa6d579f8cc8a966cb07f0324. The original may include catalog metadata, neighboring provisions, or embedded records outside this collection's scope. Search shows only the selected federal record. Historical editions and unverified snapshots are not a statement of current law.
Authority boundary: historical or unconfirmed source not current law verified.
Open the recorded source website ↗
Record provenance
Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_9cced5fb302fea77703090a7
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-17/section-1202-integrity-of-copyright-management-information--604ccf9e44.md
Pages: Not recorded – Not recorded
Passage SHA-256: 4b9d9492d15d4f49ca743347b52c0fcc55269cdbc23cf0637e6a09eb3f3626a9
Source location: Title 17, Chapter 12, § 1202; chapter-012-copyright-protection-and-management-systems.md
Stored source content
**(a) False Copyright Management Information.—** No person shall knowingly and with the intent to induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal infringement—
(1) provide copyright management information that is false, or
(2) distribute or import for distribution copyright management information that is false.
**(b) Removal or Alteration of Copyright Management Information.—** No person shall, without the authority of the copyright owner or the law—
(1) intentionally remove or alter any copyright management information,
(2) distribute or import for distribution copyright management information knowing that the copyright management information has been removed or altered without authority of the copyright owner or the law, or
(3) distribute, import for distribution, or publicly perform works, copies of works, or phonorecords, knowing that copyright management information has been removed or altered without authority of the copyright owner or the law,
knowing, or, with respect to civil remedies under section 1203, having reasonable grounds to know, that it will induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal an infringement of any right under this title.
**(c) Definition.—** As used in this section, the term “copyright management information” means any of the following information conveyed in connection with copies or phonorecords of a work or performances or displays of a work, including in digital form, except that such term does not include any personally identifying information about a user of a work or of a copy, phonorecord, performance, or display of a work:
(1) The title and other information identifying the work, including the information set forth on a notice of copyright.
(2) The name of, and other identifying information about, the author of a work.
(3) The name of, and other identifying information about, the copyright owner of the work, including the information set forth in a notice of copyright.
(4) With the exception of public performances of works by radio and television broadcast stations, the name of, and other identifying information about, a performer whose performance is fixed in a work other than an audiovisual work.
(5) With the exception of public performances of works by radio and television broadcast stations, in the case of an audiovisual work, the name of, and other identifying information about, a writer, performer, or director who is credited in the audiovisual work.
(6) Terms and conditions for use of the work.
(7) Identifying numbers or symbols referring to such information or links to such information.
(8) Such other information as the Register of Copyrights may prescribe by regulation, except that the Register of Copyrights may not require the provision of any information concerning the user of a copyrighted work.
**(d) Law Enforcement, Intelligence, and Other Government Activities.—** This section does not prohibit any lawfully authorized investigative, protective, information security, or intelligence activity of an officer, agent, or employee of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State, or a person acting pursuant to a contract with the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State. For purposes of this subsection, the term “information security” means activities carried out in order to identify and address the vulnerabilities of a government computer, computer system, or computer network.
**(e) Limitations on Liability.—**
(1) **Analog transmissions.—** — In the case of an analog transmission, a person who is making transmissions in its capacity as a broadcast station, or as a cable system, or someone who provides programming to such station or system, shall not be liable for a violation of subsection (b) if—
(A) avoiding the activity that constitutes such violation is not technically feasible or would create an undue financial hardship on such person; and
(B) such person did not intend, by engaging in such activity, to induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal infringement of a right under this title.
(2) **Digital transmissions.—**
(A) If a digital transmission standard for the placement of copyright management information for a category of works is set in a voluntary, consensus standard-setting process involving a representative cross-section of broadcast stations or cable systems and copyright owners of a category of works that are intended for public performance by such stations or systems, a person identified in paragraph (1) shall not be liable for a violation of subsection (b) with respect to the particular copyright management information addressed by such standard if—
(i) the placement of such information by someone other than such person is not in accordance with such standard; and
(ii) the activity that constitutes such violation is not intended to induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal infringement of a right under this title.
(B) Until a digital transmission standard has been set pursuant to subparagraph (A) with respect to the placement of copyright management information for a category of works, a person identified in paragraph (1) shall not be liable for a violation of subsection (b) with respect to such copyright management information, if the activity that constitutes such violation is not intended to induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal infringement of a right under this title, and if—
(i) the transmission of such information by such person would result in a perceptible visual or aural degradation of the digital signal; or
(ii) the transmission of such information by such person would conflict with—
(I) an applicable government regulation relating to transmission of information in a digital signal;
(II) an applicable industry-wide standard relating to the transmission of information in a digital signal that was adopted by a voluntary consensus standards body prior to the effective date of this chapter; or
(III) an applicable industry-wide standard relating to the transmission of information in a digital signal that was adopted in a voluntary, consensus standards-setting process open to participation by a representative cross-section of broadcast stations or cable systems and copyright owners of a category of works that are intended for public performance by such stations or systems.
(3) **Definitions.—** — As used in this subsection—
(A) the term “broadcast station” has the meaning given that term in section 3 of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 153](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section153&num=0&edition=prelim)); and
(B) the term “cable system” has the meaning given that term in section 602 of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 522](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section522&num=0&edition=prelim)).
Cross-references
Connections may be documented source relationships, shared citations or nearby passages. Each explains its basis; a connection alone does not establish applicability to your situation.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Except as otherwise provided in this title, as used in this title, the following terms and their variant forms mean the following:
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 17 U.S.C. § 101
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this subchapter—
(1) the term “activated channels” means those channels engineered at the headend of a cable system for the provision of services generally available to residential subscribers of the cable system, regardless of whether such services actually are provided, including any channel designated for public, educational, or governmental use;
(2) the term “affiliate”, when used in relation to any person, means another person who owns or controls, is owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with, such person;
(3) the term “basic cable service” means any service tier which includes the retransmission of local television broadcast signals;
(4) the term “cable channel” or “channel” means a portion of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum which is used in a cable system and which is capable of delivering a television channel (as television channel is defined by the Commission by regulation);
(5) the term “cable operator” means any person or group of persons (A) who provides cable service over a cable system and directly or through one or more affiliates owns a significant interest in such cable system, or (B) who otherwise controls or is responsible for, through any arrangement, the management and operation of such a cable system;
(6) the term “cable service” means—
(A) the one-way transmission to subscribers of (i) video programming, or (ii) other programming service, and
(B) subscriber interaction, if any, which is required for the selection or use of such video programming or other programming service;
(7) the term “cable system” means a facility, consisting of a set of closed transmission paths and associated signal generation, reception, and control equipment that is designed to provide cable service which incl
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 522
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires—
(1) **Advanced communications services** — The term “advanced communications services” means—
(A) interconnected VoIP service;
(B) non-interconnected VoIP service;
(C) electronic messaging service;
(D) interoperable video conferencing service; and
(E) any audio or video communications service used by inmates for the purpose of communicating with individuals outside the correctional institution where the inmate is held, regardless of technology used.
(2) **Affiliate** — The term “affiliate” means a person that (directly or indirectly) owns or controls, is owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with, another person. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “own” means to own an equity interest (or the equivalent thereof) of more than 10 percent.
(3) **Amateur station** — The term “amateur station” means a radio station operated by a duly authorized person interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest.
(4) **AT&T Consent Decree** — The term “AT&T Consent Decree” means the order entered August 24, 1982, in the antitrust action styled United States v. Western Electric, Civil Action No. 82–0192, in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, and includes any judgment or order with respect to such action entered on or after August 24, 1982.
(5) **Bell operating company** — The term “Bell operating company”—
(A) means any of the following companies: Bell Telephone Company of Nevada, Illinois Bell Telephone Company, Indiana Bell Telephone Company, Incorporated, Michigan Bell Telephone Company, New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, New Jersey Bell Telephone Company, New York Telephone Company,
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 153
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 222
TITLE 17—COPYRIGHTS
§ 1202
(ii) records a signal that, when played
back, exhibits a meaningfully distorted or
degraded display.
(D) The term ‘‘professional analog video
cassette recorder’’ means an analog video
cassette recorder that is designed, manufac-
tured, marketed, and intended for use by a
person who regularly employs such a device
for a lawful business or industrial use, in-
cluding making, performing, displaying, dis-
tributing, or transmitting copies of motion
pictures on a commercial scale.
(E) The terms ‘‘VHS format’’, ‘‘8mm for-
mat’’, ‘‘Beta format’’, ‘‘automatic gain con-
trol copy control technology’’, ‘‘colorstripe
copy control technology’’, ‘‘four-line version
of the colorstripe copy control technology’’,
and ‘‘NTSC’’ have the meanings that are
commonly understood in the consumer elec-
tronics and motion picture industries as of
the date of the enactment of this chapter.
(5) VIOLATIONS.—Any violation of paragraph
(1) of this subsection shall be treated as a vio-
lation of subsection (b)(1) of this section. Any
violation of paragraph (2) of this subsection
shall be deemed an ‘‘act of circumvention’’ for
the purposes of section 1203(c)(3)(A) of this
chapter.
(Added Pub. L. 105–304, title I, § 103(a), Oct. 28,
1998, 112 Stat. 2863; amended Pub. L. 106–113, div.
B, § 1000(a)(9) [title V, § 5006], Nov. 29, 1999, 113
Stat. 1536, 1501A–594.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
The date of the enactment of this chapter, referred to
in subsecs. (a)(1)(A), (g)(5), and (k)(1), (4)(E), is the date
of enactment of Pub. L. 105–304, which was approved
Oct. 28, 1998.
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986, referred
to in subsecs. (g)(2)(D) and (j)(2), is Pub. L. 99–474, Oct.
16, 1986, 100 Stat. 1213, which amended section 1030
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 17 U.S.C. § 1202
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 19
TITLE 47—TELECOMMUNICATIONS
§ 153
imposed by the AT&T Consent Decree shall, on and
after such date, be subject to the restrictions and ob-
ligations imposed by the Communications Act of 1934
[47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.] as amended by this Act and
shall not be subject to the restrictions and the obli-
gations imposed by such Consent Decree.
‘‘(2) GTE CONSENT DECREE.—Any conduct or activity
that was, before the date of enactment of this Act,
subject to any restriction or obligation imposed by
the GTE Consent Decree shall, on and after such
date, be subject to the restrictions and obligations
imposed by the Communications Act of 1934 as
amended by this Act and shall not be subject to the
restrictions and the obligations imposed by such Con-
sent Decree.
‘‘(3) MCCAW CONSENT DECREE.—Any conduct or ac-
tivity that was, before the date of enactment of this
Act, subject to any restriction or obligation imposed
by the McCaw Consent Decree shall, on and after
such date, be subject to the restrictions and obliga-
tions imposed by the Communications Act of 1934 as
amended by this Act and subsection (d) of this sec-
tion and shall not be subject to the restrictions and
the obligations imposed by such Consent Decree.
‘‘(b) ANTITRUST LAWS.—
‘‘(1) SAVINGS CLAUSE.—Except as provided in para-
graphs (2) and (3), nothing in this Act [see Short Title
of 1996 Amendment note set out under section 609 of
this title] or the amendments made by this Act shall
be construed to modify, impair, or supersede the ap-
plicability of any of the antitrust laws.
‘‘(2) REPEAL.—[Amended section 221 of this title.]
‘‘(3) CLAYTON ACT.—[Amended section 18 of Title 15,
Commerce and Trade.]
‘‘(c) FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL LAW.—
‘‘(1) NO IMPLIED EFFECT.—This Act and the amend-
ments ma
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 47 U.S.C. § 153
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 47 U.S.C. § 153. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 271
TITLE 47—TELECOMMUNICATIONS
§ 522
the applicability of any Federal or State antitrust
law.’’
EFFECT OF CABLE COMMUNICATIONS POLICY ACT OF 1984
ON JURISDICTION OF FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COM-
MISSION RESPECTING WIRE OR RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
THROUGH CABLE SYSTEMS
Pub. L. 98–549, § 3(b), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2801, pro-
vided that: ‘‘The provisions of this Act [enacting this
subchapter and section 611 of this title, amending sec-
tions 152, 224, 309, and 605 of this title, section 2511 of
Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and section
1805 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and enacting
provisions set out as notes under this section and sec-
tions 543, 605, and 609 of this title] and amendments
made by this Act shall not be construed to affect any
jurisdiction the Federal Communications Commission
may have under the Communications Act of 1934 [this
chapter] with respect to any communication by wire or
radio (other than cable service, as defined in section
602(5) of such Act [section 522(5) of this title]) which is
provided through a cable system, or persons or facili-
ties engaged in such communications.’’
§ 522. Definitions
For purposes of this subchapter—
(1) the term ‘‘activated channels’’ means
those channels engineered at the headend of a
cable system for the provision of services gen-
erally available to residential subscribers of
the cable system, regardless of whether such
services actually are provided, including any
channel designated for public, educational, or
governmental use;
(2) the term ‘‘affiliate’’, when used in rela-
tion to any person, means another person who
owns or controls, is owned or controlled by, or
is under common ownership or control with,
such person;
(3) the term ‘‘basic cable service’’ means any
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 47 U.S.C. § 522
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 47 U.S.C. § 522. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.