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49 U.S.C. § 44103 — Registration of aircraft
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General.—**
(1) On application of the owner of an aircraft that meets the requirements of [section 44102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44102&num=0&edition=prelim), the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall—
(A) register the aircraft; and
(B) issue a certificate of registration to its owner.
(2) The Administrator may prescribe the extent to which an aircraft owned by the holder of a dealer’s certificate of registration issued under [section 44104(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44104/2&num=0&edition=prelim) also is registered under this section.
**(b) Controlled Substance Violations.—**
(1) The Administrator may not issue an owner’s certificate of registration under subsection (a)(1) of this section to a person whose certificate is revoked under [section 44106 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44106&num=0&edition=prelim) during the 5-year period beginning on the date of the revocation, except—
(A) as provided in [section 44106(e)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44106/e/2&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(B) that the Administrator may issue the certificate to the person after the one-year period beginning on the date of the revocation if the Administrator decides that the aircraft otherwise meets the requirements of [section 44102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44102&num=0&edition=prelim) and that denial of a certificate for the 5-year period—
(i) would be excessive considering the nature of the offense or the act committed and the bur
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_1ee328ad546fb55b7697d9ea
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-49/section-44103-registration-of-aircraft--adb5e71b55.md
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Source location: Title 49, Chapter 441, § 44103; chapter-441-registration-and-recordation-of-aircraft.md
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**(a) General.—**
(1) On application of the owner of an aircraft that meets the requirements of [section 44102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44102&num=0&edition=prelim), the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall—
(A) register the aircraft; and
(B) issue a certificate of registration to its owner.
(2) The Administrator may prescribe the extent to which an aircraft owned by the holder of a dealer’s certificate of registration issued under [section 44104(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44104/2&num=0&edition=prelim) also is registered under this section.
**(b) Controlled Substance Violations.—**
(1) The Administrator may not issue an owner’s certificate of registration under subsection (a)(1) of this section to a person whose certificate is revoked under [section 44106 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44106&num=0&edition=prelim) during the 5-year period beginning on the date of the revocation, except—
(A) as provided in [section 44106(e)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44106/e/2&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(B) that the Administrator may issue the certificate to the person after the one-year period beginning on the date of the revocation if the Administrator decides that the aircraft otherwise meets the requirements of [section 44102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44102&num=0&edition=prelim) and that denial of a certificate for the 5-year period—
(i) would be excessive considering the nature of the offense or the act committed and the burden the denial places on the person; or
(ii) would not be in the public interest.
(2) A decision of the Administrator under paragraph (1)(B)(i) or (ii) of this subsection is within the discretion of the Administrator. That decision or failure to make a decision is not subject to administrative or judicial review.
**(c) Certificates as Evidence.—** A certificate of registration issued under this section is—
(1) conclusive evidence of the nationality of an aircraft for international purposes, but not conclusive evidence in a proceeding under the laws of the United States; and
(2) not evidence of ownership of an aircraft in a proceeding in which ownership is or may be in issue.
**(d) Certificates Available for Inspection.—** An operator of an aircraft shall make available for inspection a certificate of registration for the aircraft when requested by a United States Government, State, or local law enforcement officer.
**(e) Validity of Aircraft Registration During Renewal.—**
(1) **In general.—** — An aircraft may be operated on or after the expiration date found on the certificate of registration issued for such aircraft under this section as if it were not expired if the operator of such aircraft has aboard the aircraft—
(A) documentation validating that—
(i) an aircraft registration renewal application form (AC Form 8050–1B, or a succeeding form) has been submitted to the Administrator for such aircraft but not yet approved or denied; and
(ii) such aircraft is compliant with maintenance, inspections, and any other requirements for the aircraft’s airworthiness certificate issued under section 44704(d); and
(B) the most recent aircraft registration.
(2) **Proof of pending renewal application.—** — The Administrator shall provide an applicant for renewal of registration under this section with documentation described in paragraph (1)(A). Such documentation shall—
(A) be made electronically available to the applicant immediately upon submitting an aircraft registration renewal application to the Civil Aviation Registry for an aircraft;
(B) notify the applicant of the operational allowance described in paragraph (1);
(C) deem an aircraft’s airworthiness certificate issued under section 44704(d) as valid provided that the applicant confirms acknowledgment of the requirements of paragraph (1)(A)(ii);
(D) confirm the applicant acknowledged the limitations described in paragraph (3)(A) and (3)(B); and
(E) include identifying information pertaining to such aircraft and to the registered owner.
(3) **Rule of construction.—** — Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to permit any person to operate an aircraft—
(A) with an expired registration, except as specifically provided for under this subsection; or
(B) if the Administrator has denied an application to renew the registration of such aircraft.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including [section 552(b)(3) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section552/b/3&num=0&edition=prelim), the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall establish and update as necessary a process by which, upon request of a private aircraft owner or operator, the Administrator withholds the registration number and other similar identifiable data or information, except for physical markings required by law, of the aircraft of the owner or operator from any broad dissemination or display (except in furnished data or information made available to or from a Government agency pursuant to a government contract, subcontract, or agreement, including for traffic management purposes) for the noncommercial flights of the owner or operator.
**(b) Withholding Personally Identifiable Information on the Aircraft Registry.—** Not later than 2 years after the enactment of this Act and notwithstanding any other provision of law, including [section 552(b)(3) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section552/b/3&num=0&edition=prelim), the Administrator shall establish a procedure by which, upon request of a private aircraft owner or operator, the Administrator shall withhold from broad dissemination or display by the FAA (except in furnished data or information made available to or from a Government agency pursuant to a government contract, subcontract, or agreement, including for traffic management purposes) the personally identifiable information of such individual, including on a publicly available website of the FAA.
**(c) ICAO Aircraft Identification Code.—**
(1) **In general.—** — The Administrator shall establish a pro
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 44114
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Eligibility.—** An aircraft may be registered under [section 44103 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44103&num=0&edition=prelim) only when the aircraft is—
(1) not registered under the laws of a foreign country and is owned by—
(A) a citizen of the United States;
(B) an individual citizen of a foreign country lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States; or
(C) a corporation not a citizen of the United States when the corporation is organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or a State, and the aircraft is based and primarily used in the United States; or
(2) an aircraft of—
(A) the United States Government; or
(B) a State, the District of Columbia, a territory or possession of the United States, or a political subdivision of a State, territory, or possession.
**(b) Duty To Define Certain Term.—** In carrying out subsection (a)(1)(C) of this section, the Secretary of Transportation shall define “based and primarily used in the United States”.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 44102
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definition.—** In this section, “controlled substance” has the same meaning given that term in section 102 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 ([21 U.S.C. 802](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section802&num=0&edition=prelim)).
**(b) Revocations.—**
(1) The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue an order revoking the certificate of registration for an aircraft issued to an owner under [section 44103 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44103&num=0&edition=prelim) and any other certificate of registration that the owner of the aircraft holds under section 44103, if the Administrator finds that—
(A) the aircraft was used to carry out, or facilitate, an activity that is punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year under a law of the United States or a State related to a controlled substance (except a law related to simple possession of a controlled substance); and
(B) the owner of the aircraft permitted the use of the aircraft knowing that the aircraft was to be used for the activity described in clause (A) of this paragraph.
(2) An aircraft owner that is not an individual is deemed to have permitted the use of the aircraft knowing that the aircraft was to be used for the activity described in paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection only if a majority of the individuals who control the owner of the aircraft or who are involved in forming the major policy of the owner permitted the use of the aircraft knowing that the aircraft was to be used for the activity described in paragraph (1)(A).
**(c) Advice to Holders and Opportunity To Answer.—** Before the Administrator revokes a certificate under subsection
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 44106
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authority to Contract.—** Subject to the provisions of chapter 137 11 See References in Text note below. of this title, and to the extent that funds are otherwise available for obligation, the Secretary—
(1) may contract with any citizen of the United States for the inclusion or incorporation of defense features in any new or existing aircraft to be owned or controlled by that citizen; and
(2) may contract with United States aircraft manufacturers for the inclusion or incorporation of defense features in new aircraft to be operated by a United States air carrier.
**(b) Commitment to Civil Reserve Air Fleet.—** Each contract entered into under this section shall provide—
(1) that any aircraft covered by the contract shall be committed to the Civil Reserve Air Fleet;
(2) that, so long as the aircraft is owned or controlled by a contractor, the contractor shall operate the aircraft for the Department of Defense as needed during any activation of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet, notwithstanding any other contract or commitment of that contractor; and
(3) that the contractor operating the aircraft for the Department of Defense shall be paid for that operation at fair and reasonable rates.
**(c) Terms and Required Repayment.—** Each contract entered into under subsection (a) shall include a provision that requires the contractor to repay to the United States a percentage (to be established in the contract) of any amount paid by the United States to the contractor under the contract with respect to any aircraft if—
(1) the aircraft is destroyed or becomes unusable, as defined in the contract;
(2) the defense features specified in the contract are rendered unusable or are removed from the aircraft;
(3) control over the aircraft is transferred to any person that is u
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 9513
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Economic Regulation.—** In carrying out subpart II of this part and those provisions of subpart IV applicable in carrying out subpart II, the Secretary of Transportation shall consider the following matters, among others, as being in the public interest and consistent with public convenience and necessity:
(1) assigning and maintaining safety as the highest priority in air commerce.
(2) before authorizing new air transportation services, evaluating the safety implications of those services.
(3) preventing deterioration in established safety procedures, recognizing the clear intent, encouragement, and dedication of Congress to further the highest degree of safety in air transportation and air commerce, and to maintain the safety vigilance that has evolved in air transportation and air commerce and has come to be expected by the traveling and shipping public.
(4) the availability of a variety of adequate, economic, efficient, and low-priced services without unreasonable discrimination or unfair or deceptive practices.
(5) coordinating transportation by, and improving relations among, air carriers, and encouraging fair wages and working conditions.
(6) placing maximum reliance on competitive market forces and on actual and potential competition—
(A) to provide the needed air transportation system; and
(B) to encourage efficient and well-managed air carriers to earn adequate profits and attract capital, considering any material differences between interstate air transportation and foreign air transportation.
(7) developing and maintaining a sound regulatory system that is responsive to the needs of the public and in which decisions are reached promptly to make it easier to adapt the air transportation system to the present and future needs of—
(A) the
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 40101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Registration Requirement.—** Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a person may operate an aircraft only when the aircraft is registered under [section 44103 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44103&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Exceptions.—** A person may operate an aircraft in the United States that is not registered—
(1) when authorized under section 40103(d) or 41703 of this title;
(2) when it is an aircraft of the national defense forces of the United States and is identified in a way satisfactory to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration; and
(3) for a reasonable period of time after a transfer of ownership, under regulations prescribed by the Administrator.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 44101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may suspend or revoke a certificate of registration issued under [section 44103 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44103&num=0&edition=prelim) when the aircraft no longer meets the requirements of [section 44102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44102&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 44105
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Filing Notices.—** A person having an ownership interest in an aircraft for which a certificate of registration was issued under [section 44103 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44103&num=0&edition=prelim) shall file a notice with the Secretary of the Treasury that the Secretary requires by regulation, not later than 15 days after a sale, conditional sale, transfer, or conveyance of the interest.
**(b) Exemptions.—** The Secretary—
(1) shall prescribe regulations that establish guidelines for exempting a person or class from subsection (a) of this section; and
(2) may exempt a person or class under the regulations.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 44109
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may provide by regulation for—
(1) endorsing information on each certificate of registration issued under [section 44103 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44103&num=0&edition=prelim) and each certificate issued under [section 44704 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44704&num=0&edition=prelim) about ownership of the aircraft for which each certificate is issued; and
(2) recording transactions affecting an interest in, and for other records, proceedings, and details necessary to decide the rights of a party related to, a civil aircraft of the United States, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or spare part.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 44110
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Application.—** This section applies only to aircraft not used to provide air transportation.
**(b) General Criminal Penalty.—** Except as provided by subsection (c) of this section, a person shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than 3 years, or both, if the person—
(1) knowingly and willfully forges or alters a certificate authorized to be issued under this part;
(2) knowingly sells, uses, attempts to use, or possesses with the intent to use, such a certificate;
(3) knowingly and willfully displays or causes to be displayed on an aircraft a mark that is false or misleading about the nationality or registration of the aircraft;
(4) obtains a certificate authorized to be issued under this part by knowingly and willfully falsifying or concealing a material fact, making a false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement, or making or using a false document knowing it contains a false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or entry;
(5) owns an aircraft eligible for registration under [section 44102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44102&num=0&edition=prelim) and knowingly and willfully operates, attempts to operate, or allows another person to operate the aircraft when—
(A) the aircraft is not registered under [section 44103 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44103&num=0&edition=prelim) or the certificate of registration is suspended or revoked; or
(B) the owner knows or has reason to know that the other person does not have proper authorization to operate or navigate the aircraft without registration for a period of time after transfer of ownership;
(6) knowingly and willfully operates or attempts to operate an aircraft eligible fo
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 46306
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