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7 U.S.C. § 2027 — Appropriations and allotments
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorization of allotments; monthly reports of expenditures to Congressional committees; restriction on use of funds; nutrition education improvements**
(1) To carry out this chapter, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2023. Not to exceed one-fourth of 1 per centum of the previous year’s appropriation is authorized in each such fiscal year to carry out the provisions of [section 2026 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2026&num=0&edition=prelim), subject to paragraph (3).
(2) No funds authorized to be appropriated under this chapter or any other Act of Congress shall be used by any person, firm, corporation, group, or organization at any time, directly or indirectly, to interfere with or impede the implementation of any provision of this chapter or any rule, regulation, or project thereunder, except that this limitation shall not apply to the provision of legal and related assistance in connection with any proceeding or action before any State or Federal agency or court. The President shall ensure that this paragraph is complied with by such order or other means as the President deems appropriate.
(3)
(A) Of the amounts made available under the second sentence of paragraph (1), not more than $2,000,000 in any fiscal year may be used by the Secretary to make 2-year competitive grants that will—
(i) enhance interagency cooperation in nutrition education activities; and
(ii) develop cost effective ways to inform people eligible for supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits about nutrition, resource management, and community nutrition education programs, such as the expanded food and nutrition education program.
(B) T
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-7/section-2027-appropriations-and-allotments--712f18eba6.md
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Source location: Title 7, Chapter 51, § 2027; chapter-051-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program.md
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**(a) Authorization of allotments; monthly reports of expenditures to Congressional committees; restriction on use of funds; nutrition education improvements**
(1) To carry out this chapter, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2023. Not to exceed one-fourth of 1 per centum of the previous year’s appropriation is authorized in each such fiscal year to carry out the provisions of [section 2026 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2026&num=0&edition=prelim), subject to paragraph (3).
(2) No funds authorized to be appropriated under this chapter or any other Act of Congress shall be used by any person, firm, corporation, group, or organization at any time, directly or indirectly, to interfere with or impede the implementation of any provision of this chapter or any rule, regulation, or project thereunder, except that this limitation shall not apply to the provision of legal and related assistance in connection with any proceeding or action before any State or Federal agency or court. The President shall ensure that this paragraph is complied with by such order or other means as the President deems appropriate.
(3)
(A) Of the amounts made available under the second sentence of paragraph (1), not more than $2,000,000 in any fiscal year may be used by the Secretary to make 2-year competitive grants that will—
(i) enhance interagency cooperation in nutrition education activities; and
(ii) develop cost effective ways to inform people eligible for supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits about nutrition, resource management, and community nutrition education programs, such as the expanded food and nutrition education program.
(B) The Secretary shall make awards under this paragraph to one or more State cooperative extension services (as defined in [section 3103 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section3103&num=0&edition=prelim)) who shall administer the grants in coordination with other State or local agencies serving low-income people.
(C) Each project shall include an evaluation component and shall develop an implementation plan for replication in other States.
(D) The Secretary shall report to the appropriate committees of Congress on the results of the projects and shall disseminate the results through the cooperative extension service system and to State human services and health department offices, local supplemental nutrition assistance program offices, and other entities serving low-income households.
**(b) Limitation of value of allotments; reduction of allotments** In any fiscal year, the Secretary shall limit the value of those allotments issued to an amount not in excess of the appropriation for such fiscal year. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, if in any fiscal year the Secretary finds that the requirements of participating States will exceed the appropriation, the Secretary shall direct State agencies to reduce the value of such allotments to be issued to households certified as eligible to participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program to the extent necessary to comply with the provisions of this subsection.
**(c) Manner of reducing allotments** In prescribing the manner in which allotments will be reduced under subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary shall ensure that such reductions reflect, to the maximum extent practicable, the ratio of household income, determined under sections 2014(d) and 2014(e) of this title, to the income standards of eligibility, for households of equal size, determined under [section 2014(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2014/c&num=0&edition=prelim). The Secretary may, in prescribing the manner in which allotments will be reduced, establish (1) special provisions applicable to persons sixty years of age or over and persons who are physically or mentally handicapped or otherwise disabled, and (2) minimum allotments after any reductions are otherwise determined under this section.
**(d) Requisite action by Secretary to reduce allotments; statement to Congressional committees** Not later than sixty days after the issuance of a report under subsection (a) of this section in which the Secretary expresses the belief that reductions in the value of allotments to be issued to households certified to participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program will be necessary, the Secretary shall take the requisite action to reduce allotments in accordance with the requirements of this section. Not later than seven days after the Secretary takes any action to reduce allotments under this section, the Secretary shall furnish the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a statement setting forth (1) the basis of the Secretary’s determination, (2) the manner in which the allotments will be reduced, and (3) the action that has been taken by the Secretary to reduce the allotments.
**(e) Disposition of funds collected pursuant to claims** Funds collected from claims against households or State agencies, including claims collected pursuant to section 2016(f) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title, subsections (g) and (h) of [section 2020 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2020&num=0&edition=prelim), subsections (b) and (c) of [section 2022 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2022&num=0&edition=prelim), and [section 2025(c)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2025/c/1&num=0&edition=prelim), claims resulting from resolution of audit findings, and claims collected from households receiving overissuances, shall be credited to the supplemental nutrition assistance program appropriation account for the fiscal year in which the collection occurs. Funds provided to State agencies under [section 2025(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2025/c&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be paid from the appropriation account for the fiscal year in which the funds are provided.
**(f) Transfer of funds** No funds appropriated to carry out this chapter may be transferred to the Office of the Inspector General, or the Office of the General Counsel, of the Department of Agriculture.
**(g) Ban on recruitment and promotion activities**
(1) **In general** — Except as provided in paragraph (2), no funds authorized to be appropriated under this chapter shall be used by the Secretary for—
(A) recruitment activities designed to persuade an individual to apply for supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits;
(B) television, radio, or billboard advertisements that are designed to promote supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits and enrollment; or
(C) any agreements with foreign governments designed to promote supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits and enrollment.
(2) **Limitation** — Paragraph (1)(B) shall not apply to programmatic activities undertaken with respect to benefits made under [section 2014(h) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2014/h&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(h) Ban on recruitment by entities that receive funds** The Secretary shall issue regulations that prohibit entities that receive funds under this chapter to compensate any person for conducting outreach activities relating to participation in, or for recruiting individuals to apply to receive benefits under, the supplemental nutrition assistance program, if the amount of the compensation would be based on the number of individuals who apply to receive the benefits.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter, the term:
**(a)** “Access device” means any card, plate, code, account number, or other means of access, including point of sale devices, that can be used, alone or in conjunction with another access device, to obtain payments, allotments, benefits, money, goods, or other things of value, or that can be used to initiate a transfer of funds under this chapter.
**(b)** “Allotment” means the total value of benefits a household is authorized to receive during each month.
**(c)** “Allowable medical expenses” means expenditures for (1) medical and dental care, (2) hospitalization or nursing care (including hospitalization or nursing care of an individual who was a household member immediately prior to entering a hospital or nursing home), (3) prescription drugs when prescribed by a licensed practitioner authorized under State law and over-the-counter medication (including insulin) when approved by a licensed practitioner or other qualified health professional, (4) health and hospitalization insurance policies (excluding the costs of health and accident or income maintenance policies), (5) medicare premiums related to coverage under title XVIII of the Social Security Act [[42 U.S.C. 1395](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1395&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], (6) dentures, hearing aids, and prosthetics (including the costs of securing and maintaining a seeing eye dog), (7) eye glasses prescribed by a physician skilled in eye disease or by an optometrist, (8) reasonable costs of transportation necessary to secure medical treatment or services, and (9) maintaining an attendant, homemaker, home health aide, housekeeper, or child care services due to age, infirmity, or illness.
**(d) Benefit.—** The term “benefi
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) State responsibility**
(1) **In general** — The State agency of each participating State shall have responsibility for certifying applicant households and issuing EBT cards.
(2) **Local administration** — The responsibility of the agency of the State government shall not be affected by whether the program is operated on a State-administered or county-administered basis, as provided under [section 2012(s)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2012/s/1&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Records**
(A) *In general* — Each State agency shall keep such records as may be necessary to determine whether the program is being conducted in compliance with this chapter (including regulations issued under this chapter).
(B) *Inspection and audit* — All records, and the entire information systems in which records are contained, that are covered in subparagraph (A) shall—
(i) be made available for inspection and audit by the Secretary, subject to data and security protocols agreed to by the State agency and Secretary;
(ii) subject to subsection (e)(8), be available for review in any action filed by a household to enforce any provision of this chapter (including regulations issued under this chapter); and
(iii) be preserved for such period of not less than 3 years as may be specified in regulations.
(4) **Review of major changes in program design**
(A) *In general* — The Secretary shall develop standards for identifying major changes in the operations of a State agency, including—
(i) large or substantially-increased numbers of low-income households that do not live in reasonable proximity to an office performing the major functions described in subsection (e);
(ii) substantial increases in reli
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General authority of the Secretary**
(1) **Determination of claims** — Except in the case of an at-risk amount required under [section 2025(c)(1)(D)(i)(II) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2025/c/1/D/i/II&num=0&edition=prelim) or the payment or disposition of a State share under [section 2013(a)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2013/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary shall have the power to determine the amount of and settle and adjust any claim and to compromise or deny all or part of any such claim or claims arising under the provisions of this chapter or the regulations issued pursuant to this chapter, including, but not limited to, claims arising from fraudulent and nonfraudulent overissuances to recipients, including the power to waive claims if the Secretary determines that to do so would serve the purposes of this chapter. Such powers with respect to claims against recipients may be delegated by the Secretary to State agencies. The Secretary shall have the power to reduce amounts otherwise due to a State agency under [section 2025 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2025&num=0&edition=prelim) to collect unpaid claims assessed against the State agency if the State agency has declined or exhausted its appeal rights under [section 2023 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2023&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Claims established under quality control system** — To the extent that a State agency does not pay a claim established under [section 2025(c)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-sec
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Short title** This section may be cited as the “Bill Emerson National Hunger Fellows and Mickey Leland International Hunger Fellows Program Act of 2008”.
**(b) Definitions** In this subsection: 11 So in original. Probably should be “section:”.
(1) **Director** — The term “Director” means the head of the Congressional Hunger Center.
(2) **Fellow** — The term “fellow” means—
(A) a Bill Emerson Hunger Fellow; or
(B) Mickey Leland Hunger Fellow.
(3) **Fellowship Programs** — The term “Fellowship Programs” means the Bill Emerson National Hunger Fellowship Program and the Mickey Leland International Hunger Fellowship Program established under subsection (c)(1).
**(c) Fellowship Programs**
(1) **In general** — There is established the Bill Emerson National Hunger Fellowship Program and the Mickey Leland International Hunger Fellowship Program.
(2) **Purposes**
(A) *In general* — The purposes of the Fellowship Programs are—
(i) to encourage future leaders of the United States—
(I) to pursue careers in humanitarian and public service;
(II) to recognize the needs of low-income people and hungry people;
(III) to provide assistance to people in need; and
(IV) to seek public policy solutions to the challenges of hunger and poverty;
(ii) to provide training and development opportunities for such leaders through placement in programs operated by appropriate organizations or entities; and
(iii) to increase awareness of the importance of public service.
(B) *Bill Emerson Hunger Fellowship Program* — The purpose of the Bill Emerson Hunger Fellowship Program is to address hunger and poverty in the United States.
(C) *Mickey Leland Hunger Fellowship Program* — The purpose of the Mickey Leland Hunger Fellowship Program i
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Contracts or grants; issuance of aggregate allotments**
(1) The Secretary may enter into contracts with or make grants to public or private organizations or agencies under this section to undertake research that will help improve the administration and effectiveness of the supplemental nutrition assistance program in delivering nutrition-related benefits. The waiver authority of the Secretary under subsection (b) shall extend to all contracts and grants under this section.
(2) The Secretary may, on application, permit not more than two State agencies to establish procedures that allow households whose monthly supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits do not exceed $20, at their option, to receive, in lieu of their supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits for the initial period under [section 2017 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2017&num=0&edition=prelim) and their regular allotment in following months, and at intervals of up to 3 months thereafter, aggregate allotments not to exceed $60 and covering not more than 3 months’ benefits. The allotments shall be provided in accordance with paragraphs (3) and (9) of [section 2020(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2020/e&num=0&edition=prelim) (except that no household shall begin to receive combined allotments under this section until it has complied with all applicable verification requirements of [section 2020(e)(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2020/e/3&num=0&edition=prelim)) and (with respect to the first aggregate allotment so issued) within 40 days of the last benefit issuance.
**(b) Pilot projects**
(1)
(A) The Secr
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given the term in [section 5602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section5602&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher** — The term “geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher” has the meaning given the term in section 10906(a) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 ([7 U.S.C. 2204](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2204&num=0&edition=prelim) note; Public Law 107–171).
**(b) Authorization** Subject to the availability of funds under subsection (d), the Secretary may provide geographically disadvantaged farmers or ranchers direct reimbursement payments for activities described in subsection (c).
**(c) Transportation**
(1) **In general** — Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the Secretary may provide direct reimbursement payments to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher to transport an agricultural commodity, or inputs used to produce an agricultural commodity, during a fiscal year.
(2) **Proof of eligibility** — To be eligible to receive assistance under paragraph (1), a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher shall demonstrate to the Secretary that transportation of the agricultural commodity or inputs occurred over a distance of more than 30 miles, as determined by the Secretary.
(3) **Amount**
(A) *In general* — Subject to paragraph (2), the amount of direct reimbursement payments made to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher under this section for a fiscal year shall equal the product obtained by multiplying—
(i) the amount of costs incurred by the geographically di
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Except as provided in subsection (i), EBT cards shall be issued only to households which have been duly certified as eligible to participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program.
**(b) Use** Benefits issued to eligible households shall be used by them only to purchase food from retail food stores which have been approved for participation in the supplemental nutrition assistance program at prices prevailing in such stores: Provided, That nothing in this chapter shall be construed as authorizing the Secretary to specify the prices at which food may be sold by wholesale food concerns or retail food stores.
**(c) Design**
(1) **In general** — EBT cards issued to eligible households shall be simple in design and shall include only such words or illustrations as are required to explain their purpose.
(2) **Prohibition** — The name of any public official shall not appear on any EBT card.
**(d) Delivery and control procedures** The Secretary shall prescribe appropriate procedures for the delivery of benefits to benefit issuers and for the subsequent controls to be placed over such benefits by benefit issuers in order to ensure adequate accountability.
**(e) State issuance liability** Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the State agency shall be strictly liable to the Secretary for any financial losses involved in the acceptance, storage and issuance of benefits, except that in the case of losses resulting from the issuance and replacement of authorizations for benefits which are sent through the mail, the State agency shall be liable to the Secretary to the extent prescribed in the regulations promulgated by the Secretary.
**(f) Alternative benefit delivery**
(1) **In general** — If the Secretary determines, in consultati
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
When used in this chapter:
(1) The term “Advisory Board” means the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board.
(2) The term “agricultural research” means research in the food and agricultural sciences.
(3) The term “aquaculture” means the propagation and rearing of aquacultural species, including, but not limited to, any species of finfish, mollusk, or crustacean (or other aquatic invertebrate), amphibian, reptile, ornamental fish, or aquatic plant, in controlled or selected environments.
(4) **College and university.—**
(A) *In general.—* — The terms “college” and “university” mean an educational institution in any State which (i) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, (ii) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education, (iii) provides an educational program for which a bachelor’s degree or any other higher degree is awarded, (iv) is a public or other nonprofit institution, and (v) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association.
(B) *Inclusions.—* — The terms “college” and “university” include a research foundation maintained by a college or university described in subparagraph (A).
(5) **Cooperating forestry school.—**
(A) *In general.—* — The term “cooperating forestry school” means an institution—
(i) that is eligible to receive funds under Public Law 87–788 (commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act; [16 U.S.C. 582a](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section582a&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); and
(ii) with respect to which the Secreta
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Program**
(1) **Establishment** — Subject to the availability of funds appropriated under [section 2027 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2027&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary is authorized to formulate and administer a supplemental nutrition assistance program under which, at the request of the State agency, eligible households within the State shall be provided an opportunity to obtain a more nutritious diet through the issuance to them of an allotment, except that a State may not participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program if the Secretary determines that State or local sales taxes are collected within that State on purchases of food made with benefits issued under this chapter. The benefits so received by such households shall be used only to purchase food from retail food stores which have been approved for participation in the supplemental nutrition assistance program. Benefits issued and used as provided in this chapter shall be redeemable at face value by the Secretary through the facilities of the Treasury of the United States.
(2) **State quality control incentive**
(A) *Definition of payment error rate* — In this paragraph, the term “payment error rate” has the meaning given the term in [section 2025(c)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2025/c/2&num=0&edition=prelim).
(B) *State cost share*
(i) *In general* — Subject to clause (iii), beginning in fiscal year 2028, if the payment error rate of a State as determined under clause (ii) is—
(I) less than 6 percent, the Federal share of the cost of the allotment described in paragraph (1) for that State in a fiscal year shall be 100 percent, and the State
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Guidance; rulemaking** The Secretary shall—
(1) issue guidance to State agencies, on an ongoing basis, as informed by the process outlined in paragraph (4), that describes security measures that—
(A) are effective, as determined by the Secretary, in detecting and preventing theft of benefits, including through card skimming, card cloning, and other similar fraudulent methods;
(B) are consistent with industry standards for detecting, identifying, and preventing debit and credit card skimming, card cloning, and other similar fraudulent methods; and
(C) consider the feasibility of cost, availability, and implementation for States;
(2) promulgate regulations through notice-and-comment rulemaking to require State agencies to take the security measures described in the guidance issued under paragraph (1);
(3) not later than December 1, 2023, promulgate regulations (including an interim final rule) to require State agencies to implement procedures for the replacement of benefits consistent with subsection (b);
(4) coordinate with the Administrator of the Administration for Children and Families of the Department of Health and Human Services, the Attorney General of the United States, State agencies, retail food stores, and EBT contractors—
(A) to determine—
(i) how benefits are being stolen through card skimming, card cloning, and other similar fraudulent methods;
(ii) how those stolen benefits are used; and
(iii) the locations where card skimming, card cloning, and other similar fraudulent methods are taking place;
(B) to establish measures, including equipment enhancements for retail food stores, to prevent benefits from being stolen through card skimming, card cloning, and other similar fraudulent methods; and
(C) to establish stan
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