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18 U.S.C. § 32 — Destruction of aircraft or aircraft facilities
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever willfully—
(1) sets fire to, damages, destroys, disables, or wrecks any aircraft in the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States or any civil aircraft used, operated, or employed in interstate, overseas, or foreign air commerce;
(2) places or causes to be placed a destructive device or substance in, upon, or in proximity to, or otherwise makes or causes to be made unworkable or unusable or hazardous to work or use, any such aircraft, or any part or other materials used or intended to be used in connection with the operation of such aircraft, if such placing or causing to be placed or such making or causing to be made is likely to endanger the safety of any such aircraft;
(3) sets fire to, damages, destroys, or disables any air navigation facility, or interferes by force or violence with the operation of such facility, if such fire, damaging, destroying, disabling, or interfering is likely to endanger the safety of any such aircraft in flight;
(4) with the intent to damage, destroy, or disable any such aircraft, sets fire to, damages, destroys, or disables or places a destructive device or substance in, upon, or in proximity to, any appliance or structure, ramp, landing area, property, machine, or apparatus, or any facility or other material used, or intended to be used, in connection with the operation, maintenance, loading, unloading or storage of any such aircraft or any cargo carried or intended to be carried on any such aircraft;
(5) interferes with or disables, with intent to endanger the safety of any person or with a reckless disregard for the safety of human life, anyone engaged in the authorized operation of such aircraft or any air navigation facility aiding in the navigation of any such aircraft;
(6) performs an act of violence
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-32-destruction-of-aircraft-or-aircraft-facilities--775dde5fef.md
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 2, § 32; chapter-002-aircraft-and-motor-vehicles.md
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**(a)** Whoever willfully—
(1) sets fire to, damages, destroys, disables, or wrecks any aircraft in the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States or any civil aircraft used, operated, or employed in interstate, overseas, or foreign air commerce;
(2) places or causes to be placed a destructive device or substance in, upon, or in proximity to, or otherwise makes or causes to be made unworkable or unusable or hazardous to work or use, any such aircraft, or any part or other materials used or intended to be used in connection with the operation of such aircraft, if such placing or causing to be placed or such making or causing to be made is likely to endanger the safety of any such aircraft;
(3) sets fire to, damages, destroys, or disables any air navigation facility, or interferes by force or violence with the operation of such facility, if such fire, damaging, destroying, disabling, or interfering is likely to endanger the safety of any such aircraft in flight;
(4) with the intent to damage, destroy, or disable any such aircraft, sets fire to, damages, destroys, or disables or places a destructive device or substance in, upon, or in proximity to, any appliance or structure, ramp, landing area, property, machine, or apparatus, or any facility or other material used, or intended to be used, in connection with the operation, maintenance, loading, unloading or storage of any such aircraft or any cargo carried or intended to be carried on any such aircraft;
(5) interferes with or disables, with intent to endanger the safety of any person or with a reckless disregard for the safety of human life, anyone engaged in the authorized operation of such aircraft or any air navigation facility aiding in the navigation of any such aircraft;
(6) performs an act of violence against or incapacitates any individual on any such aircraft, if such act of violence or incapacitation is likely to endanger the safety of such aircraft;
(7) communicates information, knowing the information to be false and under circumstances in which such information may reasonably be believed, thereby endangering the safety of any such aircraft in flight; or
(8) attempts or conspires to do anything prohibited under paragraphs (1) through (7) of this subsection;
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years or both.
**(b)** Whoever willfully—
(1) performs an act of violence against any individual on board any civil aircraft registered in a country other than the United States while such aircraft is in flight, if such act is likely to endanger the safety of that aircraft;
(2) destroys a civil aircraft registered in a country other than the United States while such aircraft is in service or causes damage to such an aircraft which renders that aircraft incapable of flight or which is likely to endanger that aircraft’s safety in flight;
(3) places or causes to be placed on a civil aircraft registered in a country other than the United States while such aircraft is in service, a device or substance which is likely to destroy that aircraft, or to cause damage to that aircraft which renders that aircraft incapable of flight or which is likely to endanger that aircraft’s safety in flight; or
(4) attempts or conspires to commit an offense described in paragraphs (1) through (3) of this subsection;
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both. There is jurisdiction over an offense under this subsection if a national of the United States was on board, or would have been on board, the aircraft; an offender is a national of the United States; or an offender is afterwards found in the United States. For purposes of this subsection, the term “national of the United States” has the meaning prescribed in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act.
**(c)** Whoever willfully imparts or conveys any threat to do an act which would violate any of paragraphs (1) through (6) of subsection (a) or any of paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (b) of this section, with an apparent determination and will to carry the threat into execution shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** In this chapter, the following definitions apply:
(1) **Aircraft.—** — The term “aircraft” means a civil, military, or public contrivance invented, used, or designed to navigate, fly, or travel in the air.
(2) **Aviation quality.—** — The term “aviation quality”, with respect to a part of an aircraft or space vehicle, means the quality of having been manufactured, constructed, produced, maintained, repaired, overhauled, rebuilt, reconditioned, or restored in conformity with applicable standards specified by law (including applicable regulations).
(3) **Destructive substance.—** — The term “destructive substance” means an explosive substance, flammable material, infernal machine, or other chemical, mechanical, or radioactive device or matter of a combustible, contaminative, corrosive, or explosive nature.
(4) **In flight.—** — The term “in flight” means—
(A) any time from the moment at which all the external doors of an aircraft are closed following embarkation until the moment when any such door is opened for disembarkation; and
(B) in the case of a forced landing, until competent authorities take over the responsibility for the aircraft and the persons and property on board.
(5) **In service.—** — The term “in service” means—
(A) any time from the beginning of preflight preparation of an aircraft by ground personnel or by the crew for a specific flight until 24 hours after any landing; and
(B) in any event includes the entire period during which the aircraft is in flight.
(6) **Motor vehicle.—** — The term “motor vehicle” means every description of carriage or other contrivance propelled or drawn by mechanical power and used for commercial purposes on the highways in the transportation of passengers, passengers and property, or p
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 31
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Promoting Safety.—** The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall promote safe flight of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing—
(1) minimum standards required in the interest of safety for appliances and for the design, material, construction, quality of work, cybersecurity, and performance of aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers;
(2) regulations and minimum standards in the interest of safety for—
(A) inspecting, servicing, and overhauling aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, and appliances;
(B) equipment and facilities for, and the timing and manner of, the inspecting, servicing, and overhauling; and
(C) a qualified private person, instead of an officer or employee of the Administration, to examine and report on the inspecting, servicing, and overhauling;
(3) regulations required in the interest of safety for the reserve supply of aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, appliances, and aircraft fuel and oil, including the reserve supply of fuel and oil carried in flight;
(4) regulations in the interest of safety for the maximum hours or periods of service of airmen and other employees of air carriers; and
(5) regulations and minimum standards for cybersecurity and other practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator finds necessary for safety in air commerce and national security.
**(b) Prescribing Minimum Safety Standards.—** The Administrator may prescribe minimum safety standards for—
(1) an air carrier to whom a certificate is issued under [section 44705 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44705&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(2) operating an airport serving any passenger operation of air carrier aircraft designed for at least 31 passenger seats.
**(
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 44701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Coordination.—** The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall work with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies for the purpose of ensuring that technologies or systems that are developed, tested, or deployed by Federal departments and agencies to detect and mitigate potential risks posed by errant or hostile unmanned aircraft system operations do not adversely impact or interfere with safe airport operations, navigation, air traffic services, or the safe and efficient operation of the national airspace system.
**(b) Plan.—**
(1) **In general.—** — The Administrator shall develop a plan for the certification, permitting, authorizing, or allowing of the deployment of technologies or systems for the detection and mitigation of unmanned aircraft systems.
(2) **Contents.—** — The plan shall provide for the development of policies, procedures, or protocols that will allow appropriate officials of the Federal Aviation Administration to utilize such technologies or systems to take steps to detect and mitigate potential airspace safety risks posed by unmanned aircraft system operations.
(3) **Aviation rulemaking committee.—** — The Administrator shall charter an aviation rulemaking committee to make recommendations for such a plan and any standards that the Administrator determines may need to be developed with respect to such technologies or systems. The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) 11 See References in Text note below. shall not apply to an aviation rulemaking committee chartered under this paragraph.
(4) **Non-delegation.—** — The plan shall not delegate any authority granted to the Administrator under this section to other Federal, State, loc
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 44810
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Employment Investigation Requirement.—**
(1)
(A) The Administrator shall require by regulation that an employment investigation, including a criminal history record check and a review of available law enforcement data bases and records of other governmental and international agencies to the extent determined practicable by the Administrator, shall be conducted of each individual employed in, or applying for, a position as a security screener under section 44935(e) or a position in which the individual has unescorted access, or may permit other individuals to have unescorted access, to—
(i) aircraft of an air carrier or foreign air carrier; or
(ii) a secured area of an airport in the United States the Administrator designates that serves an air carrier or foreign air carrier.
(B) The Administrator shall require by regulation that an employment investigation (including a criminal history record check and a review of available law enforcement data bases and records of other governmental and international agencies to the extent determined practicable by the Administrator) be conducted for—
(i) individuals who are responsible for screening passengers or property under [section 44901 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44901&num=0&edition=prelim);
(ii) supervisors of the individuals described in clause (i);
(iii) individuals who regularly have escorted access to aircraft of an air carrier or foreign air carrier or a secured area of an airport in the United States the Administrator designates that serves an air carrier or foreign air carrier; and
(iv) such other individuals who exercise security functions associated with baggage or cargo, as the Administrator determines is necessa
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 44936
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 21
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 32
‘‘ ‘In service’ means any time from the beginning of
preflight preparation of the aircraft by ground per-
sonnel or by the crew for a specific flight until twenty-
four hours after any landing; the period of service shall,
in any event, extend for the entire period during which
the aircraft is in flight.’’
1994—Pub. L. 103–272 substituted ‘‘sections 40102(a)
and 46501 of title 49’’ for ‘‘the Federal Aviation Act of
1958, as amended’’ in par. beginning with definition of
‘‘Aircraft engine’’.
1988—Pub. L. 100–690 substituted ‘‘door is opened’’ for
‘‘door in opened’’ in definition of ‘‘in flight’’.
1984—Pub. L. 98–473, § 2013(a)(1), in first par. struck
out ‘‘and’’ before ‘‘spare part’’, inserted ‘‘and ‘special
aircraft jurisdiction of the United States’ ’’, and sub-
stituted ‘‘Federal Aviation Act of 1958’’ for ‘‘Civil Aero-
nautics Act of 1938’’.
Pub. L. 98–473, § 1010, substituted ‘‘passengers and
property, or property or cargo’’ for ‘‘or passengers and
property’’ in definition of motor vehicle.
Pub. L. 98–473, § 2013(a)(2)–(4), inserted definitions of
‘‘in flight’’ and ‘‘in service’’.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 106–181 applicable only to fis-
cal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 of
Pub. L. 106–181, set out as a note under section 106 of
Title 49, Transportation.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 2015, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat.
2190, provided that: ‘‘This part [part B (§§ 2011–2015) of
chapter XX of title II of Pub. L. 98–473, see Short Title
of 1984 Amendment note below] shall become effective
on the date of the enactment of this joint resolution
[Oct. 12, 1984].’’
SHORT TITLE OF 2
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 18 U.S.C. § 32
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