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47 U.S.C. § 201 — Service and charges
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** It shall be the duty of every common carrier engaged in interstate or foreign communication by wire or radio to furnish such communication service upon reasonable request therefor; and, in accordance with the orders of the Commission, in cases where the Commission, after opportunity for hearing, finds such action necessary or desirable in the public interest, to establish physical connections with other carriers, to establish through routes and charges applicable thereto and the divisions of such charges, and to establish and provide facilities and regulations for operating such through routes.
**(b)** All charges, practices, classifications, and regulations for and in connection with such communication service, shall be just and reasonable, and any such charge, practice, classification, or regulation that is unjust or unreasonable is declared to be unlawful: Provided, That communications by wire or radio subject to this chapter may be classified into day, night, repeated, unrepeated, letter, commercial, press, Government, and such other classes as the Commission may decide to be just and reasonable, and different charges may be made for the different classes of communications: Provided further, That nothing in this chapter or in any other provision of law shall be construed to prevent a common carrier subject to this chapter from entering into or operating under any contract with any common carrier not subject to this chapter, for the exchange of their services, if the Commission is of the opinion that such contract is not contrary to the public interest: Provided further, That nothing in this chapter or in any other provision of law shall prevent a common carrier subject to this chapter from furnishing reports of positions of ships at sea to newspapers of gen
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 201
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-47/section-201-service-and-charges--3db64490dc.md
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Source location: Title 47, Chapter 5, § 201; chapter-005-wire-or-radio-communication.md
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**(a)** It shall be the duty of every common carrier engaged in interstate or foreign communication by wire or radio to furnish such communication service upon reasonable request therefor; and, in accordance with the orders of the Commission, in cases where the Commission, after opportunity for hearing, finds such action necessary or desirable in the public interest, to establish physical connections with other carriers, to establish through routes and charges applicable thereto and the divisions of such charges, and to establish and provide facilities and regulations for operating such through routes.
**(b)** All charges, practices, classifications, and regulations for and in connection with such communication service, shall be just and reasonable, and any such charge, practice, classification, or regulation that is unjust or unreasonable is declared to be unlawful: Provided, That communications by wire or radio subject to this chapter may be classified into day, night, repeated, unrepeated, letter, commercial, press, Government, and such other classes as the Commission may decide to be just and reasonable, and different charges may be made for the different classes of communications: Provided further, That nothing in this chapter or in any other provision of law shall be construed to prevent a common carrier subject to this chapter from entering into or operating under any contract with any common carrier not subject to this chapter, for the exchange of their services, if the Commission is of the opinion that such contract is not contrary to the public interest: Provided further, That nothing in this chapter or in any other provision of law shall prevent a common carrier subject to this chapter from furnishing reports of positions of ships at sea to newspapers of general circulation, either at a nominal charge or without charge, provided the name of such common carrier is displayed along with such ship position reports. The Commission may prescribe such rules and regulations as may be necessary in the public interest to carry out the provisions of this chapter.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
This chapter may be cited as the “Communications Act of 1934.”
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 609
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general**
(1) **Examination of FCC policies** — Not later than 180 days after December 30, 2019, the Commission shall commence a proceeding to determine how Commission policies regarding access to number resources, including number resources for toll-free and non-toll-free telephone numbers, could be modified, including by establishing registration and compliance obligations, and requirements that providers of voice service given access to number resources take sufficient steps to know the identity of the customers of such providers, to help reduce access to numbers by potential perpetrators of violations of section 227(b) of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 227(b)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section227/b&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(2) **Regulations** — If the Commission determines under paragraph (1) that modifying the policies described in that paragraph could help achieve the goal described in that paragraph, the Commission shall prescribe regulations to implement those policy modifications.
**(b) Authority** Any person who knowingly, through an employee, agent, officer, or otherwise, directly or indirectly, by or through any means or device whatsoever, is a party to obtaining number resources, including number resources for toll-free and non-toll-free telephone numbers, from a common carrier regulated under title II of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), in violation of a regulation prescribed under subsection (a), shall, notwithstanding section 503(b)(5) of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 503(b)(5)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-secti
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 227b–1
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds the following:
(1) The rapidly developing array of Internet and other interactive computer services available to individual Americans represent an extraordinary advance in the availability of educational and informational resources to our citizens.
(2) These services offer users a great degree of control over the information that they receive, as well as the potential for even greater control in the future as technology develops.
(3) The Internet and other interactive computer services offer a forum for a true diversity of political discourse, unique opportunities for cultural development, and myriad avenues for intellectual activity.
(4) The Internet and other interactive computer services have flourished, to the benefit of all Americans, with a minimum of government regulation.
(5) Increasingly Americans are relying on interactive media for a variety of political, educational, cultural, and entertainment services.
**(b) Policy** It is the policy of the United States—
(1) to promote the continued development of the Internet and other interactive computer services and other interactive media;
(2) to preserve the vibrant and competitive free market that presently exists for the Internet and other interactive computer services, unfettered by Federal or State regulation;
(3) to encourage the development of technologies which maximize user control over what information is received by individuals, families, and schools who use the Internet and other interactive computer services;
(4) to remove disincentives for the development and utilization of blocking and filtering technologies that empower parents to restrict their children’s access to objectionable or inappropriate online material; and
(5) to ensure vigorous enforcement of
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 230
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General duty of telecommunications carriers** Each telecommunications carrier has the duty—
(1) to interconnect directly or indirectly with the facilities and equipment of other telecommunications carriers; and
(2) not to install network features, functions, or capabilities that do not comply with the guidelines and standards established pursuant to section 255 or 256 of this title.
**(b) Obligations of all local exchange carriers** Each local exchange carrier has the following duties:
(1) **Resale** — The duty not to prohibit, and not to impose unreasonable or discriminatory conditions or limitations on, the resale of its telecommunications services.
(2) **Number portability** — The duty to provide, to the extent technically feasible, number portability in accordance with requirements prescribed by the Commission.
(3) **Dialing parity** — The duty to provide dialing parity to competing providers of telephone exchange service and telephone toll service, and the duty to permit all such providers to have nondiscriminatory access to telephone numbers, operator services, directory assistance, and directory listing, with no unreasonable dialing delays.
(4) **Access to rights-of-way** — The duty to afford access to the poles, ducts, conduits, and rights-of-way of such carrier to competing providers of telecommunications services on rates, terms, and conditions that are consistent with [section 224 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section224&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Reciprocal compensation** — The duty to establish reciprocal compensation arrangements for the transport and termination of telecommunications.
**(c) Additional obligations of incumbent local exchange carriers** In addition to the duties containe
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 251
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Factors which Commission must consider** In taking actions to manage the spectrum to be made available for use by the private mobile services, the Commission shall consider, consistent with [section 151 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section151&num=0&edition=prelim), whether such actions will—
(1) promote the safety of life and property;
(2) improve the efficiency of spectrum use and reduce the regulatory burden upon spectrum users, based upon sound engineering principles, user operational requirements, and marketplace demands;
(3) encourage competition and provide services to the largest feasible number of users; or
(4) increase interservice sharing opportunities between private mobile services and other services.
**(b) Advisory coordinating committees**
(1) The Commission, in coordinating the assignment of frequencies to stations in the private mobile services and in the fixed services (as defined by the Commission by rule), shall have authority to utilize assistance furnished by advisory coordinating committees consisting of individuals who are not officers or employees of the Federal Government.
(2) The authority of the Commission established in this subsection shall not be subject to or affected by the provisions of part III of title 5 or [section 1342 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1342&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) Any person who provides assistance to the Commission under this subsection shall not be considered, by reason of having provided such assistance, a Federal employee.
(4) Any advisory coordinating committee which furnishes assistance to the Commission under this subsection shall not be subject to the provisions of chapter 10 of titl
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 332
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Responsibilities** The NTIA shall require the registry selected to operate and maintain the United States country code Internet domain to establish, operate, and maintain a second-level domain within the United States country code domain that provides access only to material that is suitable for minors and not harmful to minors (in this section referred to as the “new domain”).
**(b) Conditions of contracts**
(1) **Initial registry** — The NTIA shall not exercise any option periods under any contract between the NTIA and the initial registry to operate and maintain the United States country code Internet domain unless the initial registry agrees, during the 90-day period beginning upon December 4, 2002, to carry out, and to operate the new domain in accordance with, the requirements under subsection (c). Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent the initial registry of the United States country code Internet domain from participating in the NTIA’s process for selecting a successor registry or to prevent the NTIA from awarding, to the initial registry, the contract to be successor registry subject to the requirements of paragraph (2).
(2) **Successor registries** — The NTIA shall not enter into any contract for operating and maintaining the United States country code Internet domain with any successor registry unless such registry enters into an agreement with the NTIA, during the 90-day period after selection of such registry, that provides for the registry to carry out, and the new domain to operate in accordance with, the requirements under subsection (c).
**(c) Requirements of new domain** The registry and new domain shall be subject to the following requirements:
(1) Written content standards for the new domain, except that the NTIA shall n
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 941
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 43
TITLE 47—TELECOMMUNICATIONS
§ 201
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original
‘‘this Act’’, meaning act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat.
1064, known as the Communications Act of 1934, which
is classified principally to this chapter. For complete
classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of
this title and Tables.
§ 163. Communications marketplace report
(a) In general
In the last quarter of every even-numbered
year, the Commission shall publish on its
website and submit to the Committee on Energy
and Commerce of the House of Representatives
and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate a report on the
state of the communications marketplace.
(b) Contents
Each report required by subsection (a) shall—
(1) assess the state of competition in the
communications marketplace, including com-
petition to deliver voice, video, audio, and
data
services
among
providers
of
tele-
communications, providers of commercial mo-
bile service (as defined in section 332 of this
title), multichannel video programming dis-
tributors (as defined in section 522 of this
title), broadcast stations, providers of satellite
communications, Internet service providers,
and other providers of communications serv-
ices;
(2) assess the state of deployment of commu-
nications
capabilities,
including
advanced
telecommunications capability (as defined in
section 1302 of this title), regardless of the
technology used for such deployment;
(3) assess whether laws, regulations, regu-
latory practices (whether those of the Federal
Government, States, political subdivisions of
States, Indian tribes or tribal organizations
(as such terms are defined in section 5304 of
title 25), or
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 47 U.S.C. § 201
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