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47 U.S.C. § 941 — Child-friendly second-level Internet domain
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Responsibilities** The NTIA shall require the registry selected to operate and maintain the United States country code Internet domain to establish, operate, and maintain a second-level domain within the United States country code domain that provides access only to material that is suitable for minors and not harmful to minors (in this section referred to as the “new domain”).
**(b) Conditions of contracts**
(1) **Initial registry** — The NTIA shall not exercise any option periods under any contract between the NTIA and the initial registry to operate and maintain the United States country code Internet domain unless the initial registry agrees, during the 90-day period beginning upon December 4, 2002, to carry out, and to operate the new domain in accordance with, the requirements under subsection (c). Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent the initial registry of the United States country code Internet domain from participating in the NTIA’s process for selecting a successor registry or to prevent the NTIA from awarding, to the initial registry, the contract to be successor registry subject to the requirements of paragraph (2).
(2) **Successor registries** — The NTIA shall not enter into any contract for operating and maintaining the United States country code Internet domain with any successor registry unless such registry enters into an agreement with the NTIA, during the 90-day period after selection of such registry, that provides for the registry to carry out, and the new domain to operate in accordance with, the requirements under subsection (c).
**(c) Requirements of new domain** The registry and new domain shall be subject to the following requirements:
(1) Written content standards for the new domain, except that the NTIA shall n
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-47/section-941-child-friendly-second-level-internet-domain--271ef9cb70.md
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Source location: Title 47, Chapter 8, § 941; chapter-008-national-telecommunications-and-information-administration.md
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**(a) Responsibilities** The NTIA shall require the registry selected to operate and maintain the United States country code Internet domain to establish, operate, and maintain a second-level domain within the United States country code domain that provides access only to material that is suitable for minors and not harmful to minors (in this section referred to as the “new domain”).
**(b) Conditions of contracts**
(1) **Initial registry** — The NTIA shall not exercise any option periods under any contract between the NTIA and the initial registry to operate and maintain the United States country code Internet domain unless the initial registry agrees, during the 90-day period beginning upon December 4, 2002, to carry out, and to operate the new domain in accordance with, the requirements under subsection (c). Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent the initial registry of the United States country code Internet domain from participating in the NTIA’s process for selecting a successor registry or to prevent the NTIA from awarding, to the initial registry, the contract to be successor registry subject to the requirements of paragraph (2).
(2) **Successor registries** — The NTIA shall not enter into any contract for operating and maintaining the United States country code Internet domain with any successor registry unless such registry enters into an agreement with the NTIA, during the 90-day period after selection of such registry, that provides for the registry to carry out, and the new domain to operate in accordance with, the requirements under subsection (c).
**(c) Requirements of new domain** The registry and new domain shall be subject to the following requirements:
(1) Written content standards for the new domain, except that the NTIA shall not have any authority to establish such standards.
(2) Written agreements with each registrar for the new domain that require that use of the new domain is in accordance with the standards and requirements of the registry.
(3) Written agreements with registrars, which shall require registrars to enter into written agreements with registrants, to use the new domain in accordance with the standards and requirements of the registry.
(4) Rules and procedures for enforcement and oversight that minimize the possibility that the new domain provides access to content that is not in accordance with the standards and requirements of the registry.
(5) A process for removing from the new domain any content that is not in accordance with the standards and requirements of the registry.
(6) A process to provide registrants to the new domain with an opportunity for a prompt, expeditious, and impartial dispute resolution process regarding any material of the registrant excluded from the new domain.
(7) Continuous and uninterrupted service for the new domain during any transition to a new registry selected to operate and maintain new domain or the United States country code domain.
(8) Procedures and mechanisms to promote the accuracy of contact information submitted by registrants and retained by registrars in the new domain.
(9) Operationality of the new domain not later than one year after December 4, 2002.
(10) Written agreements with registrars, which shall require registrars to enter into written agreements with registrants, to prohibit two-way and multiuser interactive services in the new domain, unless the registrant certifies to the registrar that such service will be offered in compliance with the content standards established pursuant to paragraph (1) and is designed to reduce the risk of exploitation of minors using such two-way and multiuser interactive services.
(11) Written agreements with registrars, which shall require registrars to enter into written agreements with registrants, to prohibit hyperlinks in the new domain that take new domain users outside of the new domain.
(12) Any other action that the NTIA considers necessary to establish, operate, or maintain the new domain in accordance with the purposes of this section.
**(d) Option periods for initial registry** The NTIA shall grant the initial registry the option periods available under the contract between the NTIA and the initial registry to operate and maintain the United States country code Internet domain if, and may not grant such option periods unless, the NTIA finds that the initial registry has satisfactorily performed its obligations under this Act and under the contract. Nothing in this section shall preempt or alter the NTIA’s authority to terminate such contract for the operation of the United States country code Internet domain for cause or for convenience.
**(e) Treatment of registry and other entities**
(1) **In general** — Only to the extent that such entities carry out functions under this section, the following entities are deemed to be interactive computer services for purposes of section 230(c) of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 230(c)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section230/c&num=0&edition=prelim)):
(A) The registry that operates and maintains the new domain.
(B) Any entity that contracts with such registry to carry out functions to ensure that content accessed through the new domain complies with the limitations applicable to the new domain.
(C) Any registrar for the registry of the new domain that is operating in compliance with its agreement with the registry.
(2) **Savings provision** — Nothing in paragraph (1) shall be construed to affect the applicability of any other provision of title II of the Communications Act of 1934 [[47 U.S.C. 201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] to the entities covered by subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1).
**(f) Education** The NTIA shall carry out a program to publicize the availability of the new domain and to educate the parents of minors regarding the process for utilizing the new domain in combination and coordination with hardware and software technologies that provide for filtering or blocking. The program under this subsection shall be commenced not later than 30 days after the date that the new domain first becomes operational and accessible by the public.
**(g) Coordination with Federal Government** The registry selected to operate and maintain the new domain shall—
(1) consult with appropriate agencies of the Federal Government regarding procedures and actions to prevent minors and families who use the new domain from being targeted by adults and other children for predatory behavior, exploitation, or illegal actions; and
(2) based upon the consultations conducted pursuant to paragraph (1), establish such procedures and take such actions as the registry may deem necessary to prevent such targeting.
The consultations, procedures, and actions required under this subsection shall be commenced not later than 30 days after the date that the new domain first becomes operational and accessible by the public.
**(h) Compliance report** The registry shall prepare, on an annual basis, a report on the registry’s monitoring and enforcement procedures for the new domain. The registry shall submit each such report, setting forth the results of the review of its monitoring and enforcement procedures for the new domain, to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
**(i) Suspension of new domain** If the NTIA finds, pursuant to its own review or upon a good faith petition by the registry, that the new domain is not serving its intended purpose, the NTIA shall instruct the registry to suspend operation of the new domain until such time as the NTIA determines that the new domain can be operated as intended.
**(j) Definitions** For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) **Harmful to minors** — The term “harmful to minors” means, with respect to material, that—
(A) the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find, taking the material as a whole and with respect to minors, that it is designed to appeal to, or is designed to pander to, the prurient interest;
(B) the material depicts, describes, or represents, in a manner patently offensive with respect to minors, an actual or simulated sexual act or sexual contact, an actual or simulated normal or perverted sexual act, or a lewd exhibition of the genitals or post-pubescent female breast; and
(C) taken as a whole, the material lacks serious, literary, artistic, political, or scientific value for minors.
(2) **Minor** — The term “minor” means any person under 13 years of age.
(3) **Registry** — The term “registry” means the registry selected to operate and maintain the United States country code Internet domain.
(4) **Successor registry** — The term “successor registry” means any entity that enters into a contract with the NTIA to operate and maintain the United States country code Internet domain that covers any period after the termination or expiration of the contract to operate and maintain the United States country code Internet domain, and any option periods under such contract, that was signed on October 26, 2001.
(5) **Suitable for minors** — The term “suitable for minors” means, with respect to material, that it—
(A) is not psychologically or intellectually inappropriate for minors; and
(B) serves—
(i) the educational, informational, intellectual, or cognitive needs of minors; or
(ii) the social, emotional, or entertainment needs of minors.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** It shall be the duty of every common carrier engaged in interstate or foreign communication by wire or radio to furnish such communication service upon reasonable request therefor; and, in accordance with the orders of the Commission, in cases where the Commission, after opportunity for hearing, finds such action necessary or desirable in the public interest, to establish physical connections with other carriers, to establish through routes and charges applicable thereto and the divisions of such charges, and to establish and provide facilities and regulations for operating such through routes.
**(b)** All charges, practices, classifications, and regulations for and in connection with such communication service, shall be just and reasonable, and any such charge, practice, classification, or regulation that is unjust or unreasonable is declared to be unlawful: Provided, That communications by wire or radio subject to this chapter may be classified into day, night, repeated, unrepeated, letter, commercial, press, Government, and such other classes as the Commission may decide to be just and reasonable, and different charges may be made for the different classes of communications: Provided further, That nothing in this chapter or in any other provision of law shall be construed to prevent a common carrier subject to this chapter from entering into or operating under any contract with any common carrier not subject to this chapter, for the exchange of their services, if the Commission is of the opinion that such contract is not contrary to the public interest: Provided further, That nothing in this chapter or in any other provision of law shall prevent a common carrier subject to this chapter from furnishing reports of positions of ships at sea to newspapers of gen
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 201
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
This chapter may be cited as the “Communications Act of 1934.”
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this chapter, the following definitions apply:
(1) The term “NTIA” means the National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
(2) The term “Assistant Secretary” means the Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information.
(3) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce.
(4) The term “Commission” means the Federal Communications Commission.
(5) The term “Corporation” means the Communications Satellite Corporation authorized in title III of the Communications Satellite Act of 1962 ([47 U.S.C. 731](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section731&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
**(b) Findings** The Congress finds the following:
(1) Telecommunications and information are vital to the public welfare, national security, and competitiveness of the United States.
(2) Rapid technological advances being made in the telecommunications and information fields make it imperative that the United States maintain effective national and international policies and programs capable of taking advantage of continued advancements.
(3) Telecommunications and information policies and recommendations advancing the strategic interests and the international competitiveness of the United States are essential aspects of the Nation’s involvement in international commerce.
(4) There is a critical need for competent and effective telecommunications and information research and analysis and national and international policy development, advice, and advocacy by the executive branch of the Federal Government.
(5) As one of the largest users of the Nation’s telecommunications facilities and resources, the Federal Government must manage its radio spectrum use and other internal communications operations in the most eff
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 901
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment**
(1) **Administration** — There shall be within the Department of Commerce an administration to be known as the National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
(2) **Head of administration** — The head of the NTIA shall be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
**(b) Assigned functions**
(1) **In general** — Subject to [section 904(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section904/d&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary shall assign to the Assistant Secretary and the NTIA responsibility for the performance of the Secretary’s communications and information functions.
(2) **Communications and information functions** — Subject to [section 904(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section904/d&num=0&edition=prelim), the functions to be assigned by the Secretary under paragraph (1) include (but are not limited to) the following functions transferred to the Secretary by Reorganization Plan Number 1 of 1977 and Executive Order 12046:
(A) The authority delegated by the President to the Secretary to assign frequencies to radio stations or classes of radio stations belonging to and operated by the United States, including the authority to amend, modify, or revoke such assignments, but not including the authority to make final disposition of appeals from frequency assignments.
(B) The authority to authorize a foreign government to construct and operate a radio station at the seat of Government of the United States, but only upon recommendation of the Secretary of State and after consultation with the Attorney General and t
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 902
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 43
TITLE 47—TELECOMMUNICATIONS
§ 201
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original
‘‘this Act’’, meaning act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat.
1064, known as the Communications Act of 1934, which
is classified principally to this chapter. For complete
classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of
this title and Tables.
§ 163. Communications marketplace report
(a) In general
In the last quarter of every even-numbered
year, the Commission shall publish on its
website and submit to the Committee on Energy
and Commerce of the House of Representatives
and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate a report on the
state of the communications marketplace.
(b) Contents
Each report required by subsection (a) shall—
(1) assess the state of competition in the
communications marketplace, including com-
petition to deliver voice, video, audio, and
data
services
among
providers
of
tele-
communications, providers of commercial mo-
bile service (as defined in section 332 of this
title), multichannel video programming dis-
tributors (as defined in section 522 of this
title), broadcast stations, providers of satellite
communications, Internet service providers,
and other providers of communications serv-
ices;
(2) assess the state of deployment of commu-
nications
capabilities,
including
advanced
telecommunications capability (as defined in
section 1302 of this title), regardless of the
technology used for such deployment;
(3) assess whether laws, regulations, regu-
latory practices (whether those of the Federal
Government, States, political subdivisions of
States, Indian tribes or tribal organizations
(as such terms are defined in section 5304 of
title 25), or
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 47 U.S.C. § 201
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds the following:
(1) The rapidly developing array of Internet and other interactive computer services available to individual Americans represent an extraordinary advance in the availability of educational and informational resources to our citizens.
(2) These services offer users a great degree of control over the information that they receive, as well as the potential for even greater control in the future as technology develops.
(3) The Internet and other interactive computer services offer a forum for a true diversity of political discourse, unique opportunities for cultural development, and myriad avenues for intellectual activity.
(4) The Internet and other interactive computer services have flourished, to the benefit of all Americans, with a minimum of government regulation.
(5) Increasingly Americans are relying on interactive media for a variety of political, educational, cultural, and entertainment services.
**(b) Policy** It is the policy of the United States—
(1) to promote the continued development of the Internet and other interactive computer services and other interactive media;
(2) to preserve the vibrant and competitive free market that presently exists for the Internet and other interactive computer services, unfettered by Federal or State regulation;
(3) to encourage the development of technologies which maximize user control over what information is received by individuals, families, and schools who use the Internet and other interactive computer services;
(4) to remove disincentives for the development and utilization of blocking and filtering technologies that empower parents to restrict their children’s access to objectionable or inappropriate online material; and
(5) to ensure vigorous enforcement of
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 230
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 89
TITLE 47—TELECOMMUNICATIONS
§ 230
and shall order a common carrier to modify any
such policy or procedure that the Commission
determines does not comply with Commission
regulations. The Commission shall conduct such
investigations as may be necessary to insure
compliance by common carriers with the re-
quirements of the regulations prescribed under
this section.
(d) Penalties
For purposes of this chapter, a violation by an
officer or employee of any policy or procedure
adopted by a common carrier pursuant to sub-
section (b), or of a rule prescribed by the Com-
mission pursuant to subsection (a), shall be con-
sidered to be a violation by the carrier of a rule
prescribed by the Commission pursuant to this
chapter.
(e) Cost recovery for Communications Assistance
for Law Enforcement Act compliance
(1) Petitions authorized
A common carrier may petition the Commis-
sion to adjust charges, practices, classifica-
tions, and regulations to recover costs ex-
pended for making modifications to equip-
ment, facilities, or services pursuant to the re-
quirements of section 103 of the Communica-
tions Assistance for Law Enforcement Act [47
U.S.C. 1002].
(2) Commission authority
The Commission may grant, with or without
modification, a petition under paragraph (1) if
the Commission determines that such costs
are reasonable and that permitting recovery is
consistent with the public interest. The Com-
mission may, consistent with maintaining just
and reasonable charges, practices, classifica-
tions, and regulations in connection with the
provision of interstate or foreign communica-
tion by wire or radio by a common carrier,
allow carriers to adjust such charges, prac-
tices, classifications, and regulations in order
to carry out the purposes of this
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 47 U.S.C. § 230
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 398
TITLE 47—TELECOMMUNICATIONS
§ 941
mination was made under subsection (a) in a
separate annex to the notification or report re-
quired by section 923 or 928 of this title. The
annex shall be provided to the subcommittee of
primary jurisdiction of the congressional com-
mittee of primary jurisdiction in accordance
with appropriate national security stipulations
but shall not be disclosed to the public or pro-
vided to any unauthorized person through any
means.
(Pub. L. 102–538, title I, § 119, as added Pub. L.
112–96, title VI, § 6703, Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 255.)
SUBCHAPTER III—MISCELLANEOUS
§ 941. Child-friendly second-level Internet do-
main
(a) Responsibilities
The NTIA shall require the registry selected
to operate and maintain the United States coun-
try code Internet domain to establish, operate,
and maintain a second-level domain within the
United States country code domain that pro-
vides access only to material that is suitable for
minors and not harmful to minors (in this sec-
tion referred to as the ‘‘new domain’’).
(b) Conditions of contracts
(1) Initial registry
The NTIA shall not exercise any option peri-
ods under any contract between the NTIA and
the initial registry to operate and maintain
the United States country code Internet do-
main unless the initial registry agrees, during
the 90-day period beginning upon December 4,
2002, to carry out, and to operate the new do-
main in accordance with, the requirements
under subsection (c). Nothing in this sub-
section shall be construed to prevent the ini-
tial registry of the United States country code
Internet domain from participating in the
NTIA’s process for selecting a successor reg-
istry or to prevent the NTIA from awarding,
to the initial registry, the contract to b
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 47 U.S.C. § 941
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