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47 U.S.C. § 227b–1 — Access to number resources
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general**
(1) **Examination of FCC policies** — Not later than 180 days after December 30, 2019, the Commission shall commence a proceeding to determine how Commission policies regarding access to number resources, including number resources for toll-free and non-toll-free telephone numbers, could be modified, including by establishing registration and compliance obligations, and requirements that providers of voice service given access to number resources take sufficient steps to know the identity of the customers of such providers, to help reduce access to numbers by potential perpetrators of violations of section 227(b) of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 227(b)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section227/b&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(2) **Regulations** — If the Commission determines under paragraph (1) that modifying the policies described in that paragraph could help achieve the goal described in that paragraph, the Commission shall prescribe regulations to implement those policy modifications.
**(b) Authority** Any person who knowingly, through an employee, agent, officer, or otherwise, directly or indirectly, by or through any means or device whatsoever, is a party to obtaining number resources, including number resources for toll-free and non-toll-free telephone numbers, from a common carrier regulated under title II of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), in violation of a regulation prescribed under subsection (a), shall, notwithstanding section 503(b)(5) of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 503(b)(5)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-secti
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Source location: Title 47, Chapter 5, § 227b–1; chapter-005-wire-or-radio-communication.md
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**(a) In general**
(1) **Examination of FCC policies** — Not later than 180 days after December 30, 2019, the Commission shall commence a proceeding to determine how Commission policies regarding access to number resources, including number resources for toll-free and non-toll-free telephone numbers, could be modified, including by establishing registration and compliance obligations, and requirements that providers of voice service given access to number resources take sufficient steps to know the identity of the customers of such providers, to help reduce access to numbers by potential perpetrators of violations of section 227(b) of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 227(b)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section227/b&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(2) **Regulations** — If the Commission determines under paragraph (1) that modifying the policies described in that paragraph could help achieve the goal described in that paragraph, the Commission shall prescribe regulations to implement those policy modifications.
**(b) Authority** Any person who knowingly, through an employee, agent, officer, or otherwise, directly or indirectly, by or through any means or device whatsoever, is a party to obtaining number resources, including number resources for toll-free and non-toll-free telephone numbers, from a common carrier regulated under title II of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), in violation of a regulation prescribed under subsection (a), shall, notwithstanding section 503(b)(5) of the Communications Act of 1934 ([47 U.S.C. 503(b)(5)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section503/b/5&num=0&edition=prelim)), be subject to a forfeiture penalty under section 503(b) of that Act ([47 U.S.C. 503(b)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section503/b&num=0&edition=prelim)). A forfeiture penalty under this subsection shall be in addition to any other penalty provided for by law.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** It shall be the duty of every common carrier engaged in interstate or foreign communication by wire or radio to furnish such communication service upon reasonable request therefor; and, in accordance with the orders of the Commission, in cases where the Commission, after opportunity for hearing, finds such action necessary or desirable in the public interest, to establish physical connections with other carriers, to establish through routes and charges applicable thereto and the divisions of such charges, and to establish and provide facilities and regulations for operating such through routes.
**(b)** All charges, practices, classifications, and regulations for and in connection with such communication service, shall be just and reasonable, and any such charge, practice, classification, or regulation that is unjust or unreasonable is declared to be unlawful: Provided, That communications by wire or radio subject to this chapter may be classified into day, night, repeated, unrepeated, letter, commercial, press, Government, and such other classes as the Commission may decide to be just and reasonable, and different charges may be made for the different classes of communications: Provided further, That nothing in this chapter or in any other provision of law shall be construed to prevent a common carrier subject to this chapter from entering into or operating under any contract with any common carrier not subject to this chapter, for the exchange of their services, if the Commission is of the opinion that such contract is not contrary to the public interest: Provided further, That nothing in this chapter or in any other provision of law shall prevent a common carrier subject to this chapter from furnishing reports of positions of ships at sea to newspapers of gen
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 201
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
This chapter may be cited as the “Communications Act of 1934.”
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** As used in this section—
(1) The term “automatic telephone dialing system” means equipment which has the capacity—
(A) to store or produce telephone numbers to be called, using a random or sequential number generator; and
(B) to dial such numbers.
(2) The term “established business relationship”, for purposes only of subsection (b)(1)(C)(i), shall have the meaning given the term in section 64.1200 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on January 1, 2003, except that—
(A) such term shall include a relationship between a person or entity and a business subscriber subject to the same terms applicable under such section to a relationship between a person or entity and a residential subscriber; and
(B) an established business relationship shall be subject to any time limitation established pursuant to paragraph (2)(G)).11 So in original. Second closing parenthesis probably should not appear.
(3) The term “telephone facsimile machine” means equipment which has the capacity (A) to transcribe text or images, or both, from paper into an electronic signal and to transmit that signal over a regular telephone line, or (B) to transcribe text or images (or both) from an electronic signal received over a regular telephone line onto paper.
(4) The term “telephone solicitation” means the initiation of a telephone call or message for the purpose of encouraging the purchase or rental of, or investment in, property, goods, or services, which is transmitted to any person, but such term does not include a call or message (A) to any person with that person’s prior express invitation or permission, (B) to any person with whom the caller has an established business relationship, or (C) by a tax exempt nonprofit organization.
(5) The term “un
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 43
TITLE 47—TELECOMMUNICATIONS
§ 201
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original
‘‘this Act’’, meaning act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat.
1064, known as the Communications Act of 1934, which
is classified principally to this chapter. For complete
classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of
this title and Tables.
§ 163. Communications marketplace report
(a) In general
In the last quarter of every even-numbered
year, the Commission shall publish on its
website and submit to the Committee on Energy
and Commerce of the House of Representatives
and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate a report on the
state of the communications marketplace.
(b) Contents
Each report required by subsection (a) shall—
(1) assess the state of competition in the
communications marketplace, including com-
petition to deliver voice, video, audio, and
data
services
among
providers
of
tele-
communications, providers of commercial mo-
bile service (as defined in section 332 of this
title), multichannel video programming dis-
tributors (as defined in section 522 of this
title), broadcast stations, providers of satellite
communications, Internet service providers,
and other providers of communications serv-
ices;
(2) assess the state of deployment of commu-
nications
capabilities,
including
advanced
telecommunications capability (as defined in
section 1302 of this title), regardless of the
technology used for such deployment;
(3) assess whether laws, regulations, regu-
latory practices (whether those of the Federal
Government, States, political subdivisions of
States, Indian tribes or tribal organizations
(as such terms are defined in section 5304 of
title 25), or
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 47 U.S.C. § 201
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 47 U.S.C. § 201. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 69
TITLE 47—TELECOMMUNICATIONS
§ 227
1 So in original. Second closing parenthesis probably should
not appear.
§ 227. Restrictions on use of telephone equipment
(a) Definitions
As used in this section—
(1) The term ‘‘automatic telephone dialing
system’’ means equipment which has the ca-
pacity—
(A) to store or produce telephone numbers
to be called, using a random or sequential
number generator; and
(B) to dial such numbers.
(2) The term ‘‘established business relation-
ship’’,
for
purposes
only
of
subsection
(b)(1)(C)(i), shall have the meaning given the
term in section 64.1200 of title 47, Code of Fed-
eral Regulations, as in effect on January 1,
2003, except that—
(A) such term shall include a relationship
between a person or entity and a business
subscriber subject to the same terms appli-
cable under such section to a relationship
between a person or entity and a residential
subscriber; and
(B) an established business relationship
shall be subject to any time limitation es-
tablished pursuant to paragraph (2)(G)).1
(3) The term ‘‘telephone facsimile machine’’
means equipment which has the capacity (A)
to transcribe text or images, or both, from
paper into an electronic signal and to trans-
mit that signal over a regular telephone line,
or (B) to transcribe text or images (or both)
from an electronic signal received over a reg-
ular telephone line onto paper.
(4) The term ‘‘telephone solicitation’’ means
the initiation of a telephone call or message
for the purpose of encouraging the purchase or
rental of, or investment in, property, goods, or
services, which is transmitted to any person,
but such term does not include a call or mes-
sage (A) to any person with that person’s prior
express invitation or permission, (B) to any
pe
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 47 U.S.C. § 227
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 47 U.S.C. § 227. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Rebates and offsets** Any person who shall deliver messages for interstate or foreign transmission to any carrier, or for whom as sender or receiver, any such carrier shall transmit any interstate or foreign wire or radio communication, who shall knowingly by employee, agent, officer, or otherwise, directly or indirectly, by or through any means or device whatsoever, receive or accept from such common carrier any sum of money or any other valuable consideration as a rebate or offset against the regular charges for transmission of such messages as fixed by the schedules of charges provided for in this chapter, shall in addition to any other penalty provided by this chapter forfeit to the United States a sum of money three times the amount of money so received or accepted and three times the value of any other consideration so received or accepted, to be ascertained by the trial court; and in the trial of said action all such rebates or other considerations so received or accepted for a period of six years prior to the commencement of the action, may be included therein, and the amount recovered shall be three times the total amount of money, or three times the total value of such consideration, so received or accepted, or both, as the case may be.
**(b) Activities constituting violations authorizing imposition of forfeiture penalty; amount of penalty; procedures applicable; persons subject to penalty; liability exemption period**
(1) Any person who is determined by the Commission, in accordance with paragraph (3) or (4) of this subsection, to have—
(A) willfully or repeatedly failed to comply substantially with the terms and conditions of any license, permit, certificate, or other instrument or authorization issued by the Commission;
(B) willfully or repeat
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 503
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 47 U.S.C. § 503. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 262
TITLE 47—TELECOMMUNICATIONS
§ 502
or thing, in this chapter prohibited or declared
to be unlawful, or who willfully and knowingly
omits or fails to do any act, matter, or thing in
this chapter required to be done, or willfully and
knowingly causes or suffers such omission or
failure, shall, upon conviction thereof, be pun-
ished for such offense, for which no penalty
(other than a forfeiture) is provided in this chap-
ter, by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by im-
prisonment for a term not exceeding one year,
or both; except that any person, having been
once convicted of an offense punishable under
this section, who is subsequently convicted of
violating any provision of this chapter punish-
able under this section, shall be punished by a
fine of not more than $10,000 or by imprisonment
for a term not exceeding two years, or both.
(June 19, 1934, ch. 652, title V, § 501, 48 Stat. 1100;
Mar. 23, 1954, ch. 104, 68 Stat. 30.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original
‘‘this Act’’, meaning act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat.
1064, known as the Communications Act of 1934, which
is classified principally to this chapter. For complete
classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of
this title and Tables.
AMENDMENTS
1954—Act Mar. 23, 1954, provided that any offense pun-
ishable hereunder, except a second or subsequent of-
fense, should constitute a misdemeanor rather than a
felony, as those terms are defined in section 1 of Title
18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
§ 502. Violation of rules, regulations, etc.
Any person who willfully and knowingly vio-
lates any rule, regulation, restriction, or condi-
tion made or imposed by the Commission under
authority of this chapter, or any
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 47 U.S.C. § 503
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 47 U.S.C. § 503. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.