7 U.S.C. § 2131 — Congressional statement of policy

Page 1406 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 2121 grown cotton and its byproducts and their present and potential uses, including new and additional commercial and scientific uses for cotton and its byproducts, and to diffuse such information among the people of the United States; and the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Commerce or their duly authorized representatives may cooperate with any depart- ment or agency of the Government, any State, Territory, District, or possession or department, agency, or political subdivision thereof, or any person in carrying out the purposes of this sec- tion in the District of Columbia and elsewhere. (Apr. 12, 1928, ch. 362, 45 Stat. 426.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 423 of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Section is comprised of act Apr. 12, 1928, ch. 362, and was not enacted as part of the Cotton Research and Promotion Act which comprises this chapter. § 2121. Cotton ginning investigations; publication of results; cooperation with Federal and State departments and agencies The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to investigate the ginning of cotton; to establish and maintain experimental ginning plants and laboratories; and to make such tests, dem- onstrations, and experiments, and such tech- nical and scientific studies in relation to cotton ginning as he shall deem necessary and to pub- lish the results thereof, with a view to devel- oping improved ginning equipment and encour- aging the use of improved methods, and he may cooperate with any department or agency of the Government, any State, Territory, District, or possession, or department, agency, or political subdivision thereof, or any person, as he shall find to be necessary. (Apr. 19, 1930, ch. 203, § 1, 46 Stat. 248.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 424 of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Section was enacted as part of act Apr. 19, 1930, ch. 203, and not as part of the Cotton Research and Pro- motion Act which comprises this chapter. § 2122. Authorization of appropriations for cotton ginning studies For the purposes of section 2121 of this title there is authorized to be appropriated, after June 30, 1931, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as may be necessary. (Apr. 19, 1930, ch. 203, § 2, 46 Stat. 248.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 425 of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Section was enacted as part of act Apr. 19, 1930, ch. 203, and not as part of the Cotton Research and Pro- motion Act which comprises this chapter. CHAPTER 54—TRANSPORTATION, SALE, AND HANDLING OF CERTAIN ANIMALS Sec. 2131. Congressional statement of policy. 2132. Definitions. 2133. Licensing of dealers and exhibitors. 2134. Valid license for dealers and exhibitors re- quired. 2135. Time period for disposal of dogs or cats by dealers or exhibitors. 2136. Registration of research facilities, handlers, carriers and unlicensed exhibitors. 2137. Purchase of dogs or cats by research facilities prohibited except from authorized operators of auction sales and licensed dealers or ex- hibitors. 2138. Purchase of dogs or cats by United States Government facilities prohibited except from authorized operators of auction sales and licensed dealers or exhibitors. 2139. Principal-agent relationship established. 2140. Recordkeeping by dealers, exhibitors, re- search facilities, intermediate handlers, and carriers. 2141. Marking and identification of animals. 2142. Humane standards and recordkeeping require- ments at auction sales. 2143. Standards and certification process for hu- mane handling, care, treatment, and trans- portation of animals. 2144. Humane standards for animals by United States Government facilities. 2145. Consultation and cooperation with Federal, State, and local governmental bodies by Secretary of Agriculture. 2146. Administration and enforcement by Sec- retary. 2146a. Searchable database requirements. 2147. Inspection by legally constituted law enforce- ment agencies. 2148. Importation of live dogs. 2149. Violations by licensees. 2150. Repealed. 2151. Rules and regulations. 2152. Separability. 2153. Fees and authorization of appropriations. 2154. Effective dates. 2155. Omitted. 2156. Animal fighting venture prohibition. 2157. Release of trade secrets. 2158. Protection of pets. 2159. Authority to apply for injunctions. 2160. Prohibition on slaughter of dogs and cats for human consumption. § 2131. Congressional statement of policy The Congress finds that animals and activities which are regulated under this chapter are ei- ther in interstate or foreign commerce or sub- stantially affect such commerce or the free flow thereof, and that regulation of animals and ac- tivities as provided in this chapter is necessary to prevent and eliminate burdens upon such commerce and to effectively regulate such com- merce, in order— (1) to insure that animals intended for use in research facilities or for exhibition purposes or for use as pets are provided humane care and treatment; (2) to assure the humane treatment of ani- mals during transportation in commerce; and (3) to protect the owners of animals from the theft of their animals by preventing the sale or use of animals which have been stolen. The Congress further finds that it is essential to regulate, as provided in this chapter, the trans- Page 1407 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 2132 portation, purchase, sale, housing, care, han- dling, and treatment of animals by carriers or by persons or organizations engaged in using them for research or experimental purposes or for exhibition purposes or holding them for sale as pets or for any such purpose or use. (Pub. L. 89–544, § 1(b), formerly § 1, Aug. 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 350; Pub. L. 91–579, § 2, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1560; renumbered and amended Pub. L. 94–279, § 2, Apr. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 417.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1976—Pub. L. 94–279 restated and expanded objectives of this chapter to include regulation of animals and ac- tivities in, or substantially affecting, interstate or for- eign commerce in order to prevent and eliminate bur- dens on such commerce and to assure the humane treatment of animals during transportation. 1970—Pub. L. 91–579 restated objectives to include all animals as defined instead of only cats and dogs and ex- panded coverage to regulate animals intended for use for exhibition purposes or for use as pets. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1985 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, § 1759, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1650, provided that: ‘‘This subtitle [subtitle F (§§ 1751–1759), enacting section 2157 of this title, amend- ing sections 2132, 2143 to 2146, and 2149 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] shall take effect 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 1985].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1970 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 91–579, § 23, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1565, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this Act [enacting section 2155 of this title, amending this section and sec- tions 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2149, and 2150 of this title, repealing section 2148 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] shall take effect one year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 24, 1970], except for the amendments to sec- tions 16, 17, 19, and 20 of the Act of August 24, 1966 [sec- tions 2146, 2147, 2149, and 2150 of this title], which shall become effective thirty days after the date of enact- ment of this Act [Dec. 24, 1970]’’. SHORT TITLE OF 1976 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 94–279, § 1, Apr. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 417, provided: ‘‘That this Act [enacting section 2156 of this title, amending this section, sections 2132, 2134, 2136, 2139 to 2146, 2149, 2153 to 2155 of this title, and section 3001 of Title 39, Postal Service, repealing section 2150 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the ‘Animal Welfare Act Amendments of 1976’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1970 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 91–579, § 1, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1560, provided: ‘‘That this Act [enacting section 2155 of this title, amending this section and sections 2132, 2133, 2134, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2149, and 2150 of this title, repealing section 2148 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the ‘Animal Welfare Act of 1970’.’’ SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 89–544, § 1(a), as added by Pub. L. 94–279, § 2, Apr. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 417, provided: ‘‘That this Act [en- acting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Animal Wel- fare Act’.’’ CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS FOR 1985 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, subtitle F (§§ 1751–1759), § 1751, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1645, provided that: ‘‘For the purposes of this subtitle [see Effective Date of 1985 Amendment note above], the Congress finds that— ‘‘(1) the use of animals is instrumental in certain research and education for advancing knowledge of cures and treatment for diseases and injuries which afflict both humans and animals; ‘‘(2) methods of testing that do not use animals are being and continue to be developed which are faster, less expensive, and more accurate than traditional animal experiments for some purposes and further op- portunities exist for the development of these meth- ods of testing; ‘‘(3) measures which eliminate or minimize the un- necessary duplication of experiments on animals can result in more productive use of Federal funds; and ‘‘(4) measures which help meet the public concern for laboratory animal care and treatment are impor- tant in assuring that research will continue to progress.’’ EXTENDED DEFINITION OF ‘‘ANIMAL’’ Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, 1756(b), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1650, provided that: ‘‘For purposes of this Act [see Tables for classification], the term ‘animal’ shall have the same meaning as defined in section 2(g) of the Ani- mal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2132(g)).’’ § 2132. Definitions In this chapter: (a) The term ‘‘person’’ includes any individual, partnership, firm, joint stock company, corpora- tion, association, trust, estate, or other legal entity. (b) The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States or his rep- resentative who shall be an employee of the United States Department of Agriculture. (c) The term ‘‘commerce’’ means trade, traffic, transportation, or other commerce— (1) between a place in a State and any place outside of such State, or between points with- in the same State but through any place out- side thereof, or within any territory, posses- sion, or the District of Columbia; (2) which affects trade, traffic, transpor- tation, or other commerce described in para- graph (1). (d) The term ‘‘State’’ means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Is- lands, Guam, American Samoa, or any other ter- ritory or possession of the United States. (e) The term ‘‘research facility’’ means any school (except an elementary or secondary school), institution, organization, or person that uses or intends to use live animals in research, tests, or experiments, and that (1) purchases or transports live animals in commerce, or (2) re- ceives funds under a grant, award, loan, or con- tract from a department, agency, or instrumen- tality of the United States for the purpose of carrying out research, tests, or experiments: Provided, That the Secretary may exempt, by regulation, any such school, institution, organi- zation, or person that does not use or intend to use live dogs or cats, except those schools, insti- tutions, organizations, or persons, which use substantial numbers (as determined by the Sec- retary) of live animals the principal function of which schools, institutions, organizations, or