22 U.S.C. § 2296e — Administrative authorities

Page 772 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2296c 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–124; amended Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1470(j)(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3517.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The Export-Import Bank Act of 1945, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is act July 31, 1945, ch. 341, 59 Stat. 526, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 635 et seq.) of chapter 6A of Title 12, Banks and Banking. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 635 of Title 12 and Tables. AMENDMENTS 2018—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–254, which directed amendment of ‘‘section 449B(b)(2)’’ of the Foreign As- sistance Act of 1961 by substituting ‘‘United States International Development Finance Corporation’’ for ‘‘Overseas Private Investment Corporation’’, was exe- cuted to this section, which is section 499B of the For- eign Assistance Act of 1961, to reflect the probable in- tent of Congress. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 115–254 effective at the end of the transition period, as defined in section 9681 of this title, see section 1470(w) of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a note under section 905 of Title 2, The Congress. § 2296c. Border control assistance (a) Purpose of assistance The purpose of assistance under this section includes the assistance of the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia to secure their borders and implement effective controls nec- essary to prevent the trafficking of illegal nar- cotics and the proliferation of technology and materials related to weapons of mass destruc- tion (as defined in section 2332a(c)(2) of title 18), and to contain and inhibit transnational orga- nized criminal activities. (b) Authorization for assistance To carry out the purpose of subsection (a), the President is authorized to provide assistance to the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia to support the activities described in sub- section (c). (c) Activities supported Activities that may be supported by assistance under subsection (b) include assisting those countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia in developing capabilities to maintain na- tional border guards, coast guard, and customs controls. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 499C, as added Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(2) [title V, § 596(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–124.) Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title. § 2296d. Strengthening democracy, tolerance, and the development of civil society (a) Purpose of assistance The purpose of assistance under this section is to promote institutions of democratic govern- ment and to create the conditions for the growth of pluralistic societies, including reli- gious tolerance and respect for internationally recognized human rights. (b) Authorization for assistance To carry out the purpose of subsection (a), the President is authorized to provide the following types of assistance to the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia: (1) Assistance for democracy building, in- cluding programs to strengthen parliamentary institutions and practices. (2) Assistance for the development of non- governmental organizations. (3) Assistance for development of inde- pendent media. (4) Assistance for the development of the rule of law, a strong independent judiciary, and transparency in political practice and commercial transactions. (5) International exchanges and advanced professional training programs in skill areas central to the development of civil society. (6) Assistance to promote increased adher- ence to civil and political rights under section 2151n(e) of this title. (c) Activities supported Activities that may be supported by assistance under subsection (b) include activities that are designed to advance progress toward the devel- opment of democracy. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 499D, as added Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(2) [title V, § 596(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–125.) Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title. § 2296e. Administrative authorities (a) Assistance through governments and non- governmental organizations Assistance under this part may be provided to governments or through nongovernmental orga- nizations. (b) Use of economic support funds Except as otherwise provided, any funds that have been allocated under part IV of subchapter II of this chapter for assistance for the inde- pendent states of the former Soviet Union may be used in accordance with the provisions of this part. (c) Terms and conditions Assistance under this part shall be provided on such terms and conditions as the President may determine. (d) Available authorities The authority in this part to provide assist- ance for the countries of the South Caucasus Page 773 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2301 and Central Asia is in addition to the authority to provide such assistance under the FREEDOM Support Act (22 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.) or any other Act, and the authorities applicable to the provi- sion of assistance under part XI of this sub- chapter may be used to provide assistance under this part. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 499E, as added Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(2) [title V, § 596(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–125.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The FREEDOM Support Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 102–511, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3320, also known as the Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eur- asian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5801 of this title and Tables. Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title. § 2296f. Definitions In this part: (1) Appropriate congressional committees The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com- mittees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Re- lations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the House of Rep- resentatives. (2) Countries of the South Caucasus and Cen- tral Asia The term ‘‘countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia’’ means Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 499F, as added Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(2) [title V, § 596(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–126.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries CHANGE OF NAME Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Af- fairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. SUBCHAPTER II—MILITARY ASSISTANCE AND SALES PART I—DECLARATION OF POLICY § 2301. Congressional statement of policy The Congress of the United States reaffirms the policy of the United States to achieve inter- national peace and security through the United Nations so that armed force shall not be used ex- cept for individual or collective self-defense. The Congress finds that the efforts of the United States and other friendly countries to promote peace and security continue to require measures of support based upon the principle of effective self-help and mutual aid. It is the purpose of subchapter II of this chapter to authorize meas- ures in the common defense against internal and external aggression, including the furnishing of military assistance, upon request, to friendly countries and international organizations. In furnishing such military assistance, it remains the policy of the United States to continue to exert maximum efforts to achieve universal con- trol of weapons of mass destruction and uni- versal regulation and reduction of armaments, including armed forces, under adequate safe- guards to protect complying countries against violation and evasion. The Congress recognizes that the peace of the world and the security of the United States are endangered so long as hostile countries continue by threat of military action, by the use of eco- nomic pressure, and by internal subversion, or other means to attempt to bring under their domination peoples now free and independent and continue to deny the rights of freedom and self-government to peoples and countries once free but now subject to such domination. It is the sense of the Congress that an impor- tant contribution toward peace would be made by the establishment under the Organization of American States of an international military force. In enacting this legislation, it is therefore the intention of the Congress to promote the peace of the world and the foreign policy, security, and general welfare of the United States by fos- tering an improved climate of political inde- pendence and individual liberty, improving the ability of friendly countries and international organizations to deter or, if necessary, defeat aggression, facilitating arrangements for indi- vidual and collective security, assisting friendly countries to maintain internal security, and cre- ating an environment of security and stability in the developing friendly countries essential to their more rapid social, economic, and political progress. The Congress urges that all other countries able to contribute join in a common undertaking to meet the goals stated in sub- chapter II of this chapter. It is the sense of the Congress that in the ad- ministration of subchapter II of this chapter pri- ority shall be given to the needs of those coun- tries in danger of becoming victims of aggres- sion or in which the internal security is threat- ened by internal subversion inspired or sup- ported by hostile countries. Finally, the Congress reaffirms its full support of the progress of the members of the North At- lantic Treaty Organization toward increased co- operation in political, military, and economic affairs. In particular, the Congress welcomes the steps which have been taken to promote multi- lateral programs of coordinated procurement, research, development, and production of de- fense articles and urges that such programs be expanded to the fullest extent possible to fur- ther the defense of the North Atlantic Area. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, § 501, formerly § 502, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 434, renumbered § 501 and amend- ed Pub. L. 90–137, pt. II, § 201(a), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 455; Pub. L. 103–199, title VII, § 705(1), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2328.)