16 U.S.C. § 704 — Determination as to when and how migra-

Page 1265 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 704 ‘‘(b) APPLICATION.—Subsection (a) shall apply only during the period that— ‘‘(1) begins on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 24, 1999]; and ‘‘(2) ends on the latest of— ‘‘(A) the effective date of rules issued by the Serv- ice after such date of the enactment to control overabundant mid-continent light geese popu- lations; ‘‘(B) the date of the publication of a final environ- mental impact statement for such rules under sec- tion 102(2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)); and ‘‘(C) May 15, 2001. ‘‘(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—This section shall not be construed to limit the authority of the Secretary or the Service to issue rules, under another law, to regu- late the taking of mid-continent light geese. ‘‘SEC. 4. COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN. ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than the end of the pe- riod described in section 103(b) [probably means section 3(b)], the Secretary shall prepare, and as appropriate implement, a comprehensive, long-term plan for the management of mid-continent light geese and the con- servation of their habitat. ‘‘(b) REQUIRED ELEMENTS.—The plan shall apply prin- ciples of adaptive resource management and shall in- clude— ‘‘(1) a description of methods for monitoring the levels of populations and the levels of harvest of mid- continent light geese, and recommendations con- cerning long-term harvest levels; ‘‘(2) recommendations concerning other means for the management of mid-continent light goose popu- lations, taking into account the reasons for the popu- lation growth specified in section 102(a)(3) [probably means section 2(a)(3)]; ‘‘(3) an assessment of, and recommendations relat- ing to, conservation of the breeding habitat of mid- continent light geese; ‘‘(4) an assessment of, and recommendations relat- ing to, conservation of native species of wildlife ad- versely affected by the overabundance of mid-con- tinent light geese, including the species specified in section 102(a)(5) [probably means section 2(a)(5)]; and ‘‘(5) an identification of methods for promoting col- laboration with the Government of Canada, States, and other interested persons. ‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is au- thorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2000 through 2002. ‘‘SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS. ‘‘In this Act: ‘‘(1) MID-CONTINENT LIGHT GEESE.—The term ‘mid- continent light geese’ means Lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross’ geese (Anser rossii) that primarily migrate between Canada and the States of Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Illi- nois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Okla- homa, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. ‘‘(2) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of the Interior. ‘‘(3) SERVICE.—The term ‘Service’ means the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.’’ § 704. Determination as to when and how migra- tory birds may be taken, killed, or possessed (a) Subject to the provisions and in order to carry out the purposes of the conventions, re- ferred to in section 703 of this title, the Sec- retary of the Interior is authorized and directed, from time to time, having due regard to the zones of temperature and to the distribution, abundance, economic value, breeding habits, and times and lines of migratory flight of such birds, to determine when, to what extent, if at all, and by what means, it is compatible with the terms of the conventions to allow hunting, taking, capture, killing, possession, sale, purchase, ship- ment, transportation, carriage, or export of any such bird, or any part, nest, or egg thereof, and to adopt suitable regulations permitting and governing the same, in accordance with such de- terminations, which regulations shall become effective when approved by the President. (b) It shall be unlawful for any person to— (1) take any migratory game bird by the aid of baiting, or on or over any baited area, if the person knows or reasonably should know that the area is a baited area; or (2) place or direct the placement of bait on or adjacent to an area for the purpose of caus- ing, inducing, or allowing any person to take or attempt to take any migratory game bird by the aid of baiting on or over the baited area. (c) FEDERAL FRAMEWORK CLOSING DATE FOR HUNTING OF DUCKS, MERGANSERS, AND COOTS.— (1) REGULATIONS RELATING TO FRAMEWORK CLOSING DATE.— (A) IN GENERAL.—In promulgating regula- tions under subsection (a) relating to the Federal framework for the closing date up to which the States may select seasons for mi- gratory bird hunting, except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall, with re- spect to the hunting season for ducks, mer- gansers, and coots— (i) subject to subparagraph (B), adopt the recommendation of each respective flyway council (as defined in section 20.152 of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations) for the Federal framework if the Secretary deter- mines that the recommendation is con- sistent with science-based and sustainable harvest management; and (ii) allow the States to establish the closing date for the hunting season in ac- cordance with the Federal framework. (B) REQUIREMENT.—The framework closing date promulgated by the Secretary under subparagraph (A) shall not be later than January 31 of each year. (2) SPECIAL HUNTING DAYS FOR YOUTHS, VET- ERANS, AND ACTIVE MILITARY PERSONNEL.— (A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding the Federal framework closing date under para- graph (1) and subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), the Secretary shall allow States to select 2 days for youths and 2 days for vet- erans (as defined in section 101 of title 38) and members of the Armed Forces on active duty, including members of the National Guard and Reserves on active duty (other than for training), to hunt eligible ducks, geese, swans, mergansers, coots, moorhens, and gallinules, if the Secretary determines that the addition of those days is consistent with science-based and sustainable harvest management. Such days shall be treated as separate from, and in addition to, the annual Federal framework hunting season lengths. (B) REQUIREMENTS.—In selecting days under subparagraph (A), a State shall ensure that— Page 1266 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 705 (i) the days selected— (I) may only include the hunting of duck, geese, swan, merganser, coot, moorhen, and gallinule species that are eligible for hunting under the applicable annual Federal framework; (II) are not more than 14 days before or after the Federal framework hunting season for ducks, mergansers, and coots; and (III) are otherwise consistent with the Federal framework; and (ii) the total number of days in a hunting season for any migratory bird species, in- cluding any days selected under subpara- graph (A), is not more than 107 days. (C) LIMITATION.—A State may combine the 2 days allowed for youths with the 2 days al- lowed for veterans and members of the Armed Forces on active duty under subpara- graph (A), but in no circumstance may a State have more than a total of 4 additional days added to its regular hunting season for any purpose. (3) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall pro- mulgate regulations in accordance with this subsection for the Federal framework for mi- gratory bird hunting for the 2019–2020 hunting season and each hunting season thereafter. (July 3, 1918, ch. 128, § 3, 40 Stat. 755; June 20, 1936, ch. 634, § 2, 49 Stat. 1556; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. II, § 4(f), eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2731, 53 Stat. 1433; Pub. L. 105–312, title I, § 102, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2956; Pub. L. 116–9, title IV, § 4301, Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 764.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2019—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–9 added subsec. (c). 1998—Pub. L. 105–312 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b). 1936—Act June 20, 1936, substituted ‘‘conventions’’ for ‘‘convention’’ in two places. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1936 AMENDMENT Act June 20, 1936, ch. 634, § 2, 49 Stat. 1556, provided in part that the amendment by section 2 is effective as of the day aforesaid (June 30, 1937). See note under section 703 of this title. BAITING OF MIGRATORY GAME BIRDS Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, § 12601, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 5003, provided that: ‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: ‘‘(1) NORMAL AGRICULTURAL OPERATION.—The term ‘normal agricultural operation’ has the meaning given the term in section 20.11 of title 50, Code of Fed- eral Regulations (as in effect on the date of enact- ment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2018]). ‘‘(2) POST-DISASTER FLOODING.—The term ‘post-dis- aster flooding’ means the destruction of a crop through flooding in accordance with practices re- quired by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation for agricultural producers to obtain crop insurance under the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) on land on which a crop was not harvestable due to a natural disaster (including any hurricane, storm, tornado, flood, high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, land- slide, mudslide, drought, fire, snowstorm, or other ca- tastrophe that is declared a major disaster by the President in accordance with section 401 of the Rob- ert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assist- ance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170)) in the crop year— ‘‘(A) in which the natural disaster occurred; or ‘‘(B) immediately preceding the crop year in which the natural disaster occurred. ‘‘(3) RICE RATOONING.—The term ‘rice ratooning’ means the agricultural practice of harvesting rice by cutting the majority of the aboveground portion of the rice plant but leaving the roots and growing shoot apices intact to allow the plant to recover and produce a second crop yield. ‘‘(b) REGULATIONS TO EXCLUDE RICE RATOONING AND POST-DISASTER FLOODING.—Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of Agri- culture, shall revise part 20 of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations, to clarify that rice ratooning and post-dis- aster flooding, when carried out as part of a normal ag- ricultural operation, do not constitute baiting. ‘‘(c) REPORTS.—Not less frequently than once each year— ‘‘(1) the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Secretary of the Interior a report that describes any changes to normal agricultural operations across the range of crops grown by agricultural producers in each region of the United States in which the official recommendations described in section 20.11(h) of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act), are provided to agri- cultural producers; and ‘‘(2) the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture and after seeking input from the heads of State departments of fish and wildlife or the Regional Migratory Bird Flyway Coun- cils of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, shall publicly post a report on the impact that rice ratooning and post-disaster flooding have on the be- havior of migratory game birds that are hunted in the area in which rice ratooning and post-disaster flooding, respectively, have occurred.’’ REPORT ON EFFECTS OF 1998 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 105–312, title I, § 104, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2956, directed that no later than 5 years after Oct. 30, 1998, the Secretary of the Interior submit to the appro- priate Senate and House committees a report analyzing the effect of certain amendments made by Pub. L. 105–312, and the general practice of baiting, on migra- tory bird conservation and law enforcement efforts under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703 et seq.). Executive Documents TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS Transfer of functions of Secretary of Agriculture to Secretary of the Interior by Reorg. Plan, No. II of 1939, see Transfer of Functions note set out under section 701 of this title. DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation to Secretary of the Interior of author- ity vested in President, see Ex. Ord. No. 10752, Feb. 12, 1958, 23 F.R. 973, set out as a note under section 715j of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. Secretary of the Interior empowered to promulgate regulations under this section without approval, ratifi- cation, or other action of President, see section 2(b) of Ex. Ord. No. 10250, June 5, 1951, 16 F.R. 5385, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President. § 705. Transportation or importation of migra- tory birds; when unlawful It shall be unlawful to ship, transport, or carry, by any means whatever, from one State,