50 U.S.C. § 1901 — Short title, findings, and purposes

Page 311 TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE § 1901 tion 1881a(h) of this title’’, was executed by sub- stituting ‘‘1881a(i) of this title’’ for ‘‘1881a(h) of this title’’ to reflect the probable intent of Congress. § 1885b. Preemption (a) In general No State shall have authority to— (1) conduct an investigation into an elec- tronic communication service provider’s al- leged assistance to an element of the intel- ligence community; (2) require through regulation or any other means the disclosure of information about an electronic communication service provider’s alleged assistance to an element of the intel- ligence community; (3) impose any administrative sanction on an electronic communication service provider for assistance to an element of the intel- ligence community; or (4) commence or maintain a civil action or other proceeding to enforce a requirement that an electronic communication service pro- vider disclose information concerning alleged assistance to an element of the intelligence community. (b) Suits by the United States The United States may bring suit to enforce the provisions of this section. (c) Jurisdiction The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction over any civil action brought by the United States to enforce the provisions of this section. (d) Application This section shall apply to any investigation, action, or proceeding that is pending on or com- menced after July 10, 2008. (Pub. L. 95–511, title VIII, § 803, as added Pub. L. 110–261, title II, § 201, July 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 2470.) § 1885c. Reporting (a) Semiannual report Not less frequently than once every 6 months, the Attorney General shall, in a manner con- sistent with national security, the Rules of the House of Representatives, the Standing Rules of the Senate, and Senate Resolution 400 of the 94th Congress or any successor Senate resolu- tion, fully inform the congressional intelligence committees, the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives concerning the implementation of this subchapter. (b) Content Each report made under subsection (a) shall include— (1) any certifications made under section 1885a of this title; (2) a description of the judicial review of the certifications made under section 1885a of this title; and (3) any actions taken to enforce the provi- sions of section 1885b of this title. (Pub. L. 95–511, title VIII, § 804, as added Pub. L. 110–261, title II, § 201, July 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 2470.) CHAPTER 37—NATIONAL SECURITY SCHOL- ARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND GRANTS Sec. 1901. Short title, findings, and purposes. 1902. Scholarship, fellowship, and grant program. 1903. National Security Education Board. 1904. National Security Education Trust Fund. 1905. Regulations and administrative provisions. 1906. Annual report. 1907. Government Accountability Office audits. 1908. Definitions. 1909. Fiscal year 1992 funding. 1910. Funding. 1911. Additional annual authorization of appropria- tions. 1912. Funding for scholarship program for ad- vanced English language studies by herit- age community citizens. 1913. National Language Service Corps. 1914. Department of Defense program to protect United States students against foreign agents. § 1901. Short title, findings, and purposes (a) Short title This chapter may be cited as the ‘‘David L. Boren National Security Education Act of 1991’’. (b) Findings The Congress makes the following findings: (1) The security of the United States is and will continue to depend on the ability of the United States to exercise international leader- ship. (2) The ability of the United States to exer- cise international leadership is, and will in- creasingly continue to be, based on the polit- ical and economic strength of the United States, as well as on United States military strength around the world. (3) Recent changes in the world pose threats of a new kind to international stability as Cold War tensions continue to decline while economic competition, regional conflicts, ter- rorist activities, and weapon proliferations have dramatically increased. (4) The future national security and eco- nomic well-being of the United States will de- pend substantially on the ability of its citi- zens to communicate and compete by knowing the languages and cultures of other countries. (5) The Federal Government has an interest in ensuring that the employees of its depart- ments and agencies with national security re- sponsibilities are prepared to meet the chal- lenges of this changing international environ- ment. (6) The Federal Government also has an in- terest in taking actions to alleviate the prob- lem of American undergraduate and graduate students being inadequately prepared to meet the challenges posed by increasing global interaction among nations. (7) American colleges and universities must place a new emphasis on improving the teach- ing of foreign languages, area studies, counterproliferation studies, and other inter- national fields to help meet those challenges. (c) Purposes The purposes of this chapter are as follows: (1) To provide the necessary resources, ac- countability, and flexibility to meet the na- Page 312 TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE § 1902 tional security education needs of the United States, especially as such needs change over time. (2) To increase the quantity, diversity, and quality of the teaching and learning of sub- jects in the fields of foreign languages, area studies, counterproliferation studies, and other international fields that are critical to the Nation’s interest. (3) To produce an increased pool of appli- cants for work in the departments and agen- cies of the United States Government with na- tional security responsibilities. (4) To expand, in conjunction with other Federal programs, the international experi- ence, knowledge base, and perspectives on which the United States citizenry, Govern- ment employees, and leaders rely. (5) To permit the Federal Government to ad- vocate the cause of international education. (Pub. L. 102–183, title VIII, § 801, Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1271; Pub. L. 102–496, title IV, § 404(a), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3185; Pub. L. 105–272, title III, § 305(a)(1), Oct. 20, 1998, 112 Stat. 2400.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1998—Subsecs. (b)(7), (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–272 inserted ‘‘counterproliferation studies,’’ after ‘‘area studies,’’. 1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–496 amended subsec. (a) generally, inserting ‘‘David L. Boren’’. § 1902. Scholarship, fellowship, and grant pro- gram (a) Program required (1) In general The Secretary of Defense shall carry out a program for— (A) awarding scholarships to under- graduate students who— (i) are United States citizens in order to enable such students to study, for at least one academic semester or equivalent term, in foreign countries that are critical coun- tries (as determined under section 1903(d)(4)(A) of this title) in those lan- guages and study areas where deficiencies exist (as identified in the assessments un- dertaken pursuant to section 1906(d) of this title); and (ii) pursuant to subsection (b)(2)(A), enter into an agreement to work in a na- tional security position or work in the field of higher education in the area of study for which the scholarship was award- ed; (B) awarding fellowships to graduate stu- dents who— (i) are United States citizens to enable such students to pursue education as part of a graduate degree program of a United States institution of higher education in the disciplines of foreign languages, area studies, counterproliferation studies, and other international fields relating to the national security interests of the United States that are critical areas of those dis- ciplines (as determined under section 1903(d)(4)(B) of this title) and in which defi- ciencies exist (as identified in the assess- ments undertaken pursuant to section 1906(d) of this title); and (ii) pursuant to subsection (b)(2)(B), enter into an agreement to work in a na- tional security position or work in the field of education in the area of study for which the fellowship was awarded; (C) awarding grants to institutions of higher education to enable such institutions to establish, operate, or improve programs in foreign languages, area studies, counterproliferation studies, and other international fields that are critical areas of those disciplines (as determined under sec- tion 1903(d)(4)(C) of this title); (D) awarding grants to institutions of higher education to carry out activities under the National Flagship Language Ini- tiative (described in subsection (i)); and (E) awarding scholarships to students who— (i) are United States citizens who— (I) are native speakers (referred to as ‘‘heritage community citizens’’) of a for- eign language that is identified as crit- ical to the national security interests of the United States who should be actively recruited for employment by Federal se- curity agencies with a need for linguists; and (II) are not proficient at a professional level in the English language with re- spect to reading, writing, and other skills required to carry out the national security interests of the United States, as determined by the Secretary, to enable such students to pursue English language studies at an institution of high- er education of the United States to attain proficiency in those skills; and (ii) enter into an agreement to work in a position in a similar manner (as deter- mined by the Secretary) as agreements en- tered into pursuant to subsection (b)(2)(A). (2) Funding allocations Of the amount available for obligation out of the National Security Education Trust Fund or from a transfer under section 1910(c) of this title for any fiscal year for the purposes stated in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall have a goal of allocating— (A) 1⁄3 of such amount for the awarding of scholarships pursuant to paragraph (1)(A); (B) 1⁄3 of such amount for the awarding of fellowships pursuant to paragraph (1)(B); and (C) 1⁄3 of such amount for the awarding of grants pursuant to paragraph (1)(C). The funding allocation under this paragraph shall not apply to grants under paragraph (1)(D) for the National Flagship Language Ini- tiative described in subsection (i) or for the scholarship program under paragraph (1)(E). For the authorization of appropriations for the National Flagship Language Initiative, see section 1911 of this title. For the authorization of appropriations for the scholarship program under paragraph (1)(E), see section 1912 of this title.