18 U.S.C. § 3635 — Definitions

Page 864 TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE § 3635 1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘paragraph (3)’’. (ii) expansions of recidivism reduction programs and productive activities in the Bureau of Prisons; and (D) a description of how the reduced ex- penditures on Federal corrections and the budgetary savings resulting from this sub- chapter are currently being used and will be used to— (i) increase investment in law enforce- ment and crime prevention to combat gangs of national significance and high- level drug traffickers through the High In- tensity Drug Trafficking Areas Program and other task forces; (ii) hire, train, and equip law enforce- ment officers and prosecutors; and (iii) promote crime reduction programs using evidence-based practices and stra- tegic planning to help reduce crime and criminal recidivism. (8) Statistics on— (A) the prevalence of dyslexia among pris- oners in prisons operated by the Bureau of Prisons; and (B) any change in the effectiveness of dys- lexia mitigation programs among such pris- oners that may be attributed to the incorpo- ration of dyslexia screening into the System and of dyslexia treatment into the evidence- based recidivism reduction programs, as re- quired under this chapter. (Added Pub. L. 115–391, title I, § 101(a), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5205.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The date of enactment of this subchapter, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 115–391, which was approved Dec. 21, 2018. This Act, referred to in par. (1), is Pub. L. 115–391, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5194, known as the First Step Act of 2018. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2018 Amendment note under section 1 of this title and Tables. § 3635. Definitions In this subchapter the following definitions apply: (1) DYSLEXIA.—The term ‘‘dyslexia’’ means an unexpected difficulty in reading for an indi- vidual who has the intelligence to be a much better reader, most commonly caused by a dif- ficulty in the phonological processing (the ap- preciation of the individual sounds of spoken language), which affects the ability of an indi- vidual to speak, read, and spell. (2) DYSLEXIA SCREENING PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘dyslexia screening program’’ means a screen- ing program for dyslexia that is— (A) evidence-based (as defined in section 8101(21) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801(21))) with proven psychometrics for validity; (B) efficient and low-cost; and (C) readily available. (3) EVIDENCE-BASED RECIDIVISM REDUCTION PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘evidence-based recidi- vism reduction program’’ means either a group or individual activity that— (A) has been shown by empirical evidence to reduce recidivism or is based on research indicating that it is likely to be effective in reducing recidivism; (B) is designed to help prisoners succeed in their communities upon release from prison; and (C) may include— (i) social learning and communication, interpersonal, anti-bullying, rejection re- sponse, and other life skills; (ii) family relationship building, struc- tured parent-child interaction, and par- enting skills; (iii) classes on morals or ethics; (iv) academic classes; (v) cognitive behavioral treatment; (vi) mentoring; (vii) substance abuse treatment; (viii) vocational training; (ix) faith-based classes or services; (x) civic engagement and reintegrative community services; (xi) a prison job, including through a prison work program; (xii) victim impact classes or other re- storative justice programs; and (xiii) trauma counseling and trauma-in- formed support programs. (4) PRISONER.—The term ‘‘prisoner’’ means a person who has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment pursuant to a conviction for a Federal criminal offense, or a person in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons. (5) PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY.—The term ‘‘pro- ductive activity’’ means either a group or in- dividual activity that is designed to allow prisoners determined as having a minimum or low risk of recidivating to remain productive and thereby maintain a minimum or low risk of recidivating, and may include the delivery of the programs described in paragraph (1) 1 to other prisoners. (6) RISK AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT TOOL.—The term ‘‘risk and needs assessment tool’’ means an objective and statistically validated meth- od through which information is collected and evaluated to determine— (A) as part of the intake process, the risk that a prisoner will recidivate upon release from prison; (B) the recidivism reduction programs that will best minimize the risk that the prisoner will recidivate upon release from prison; and (C) the periodic reassessment of risk that a prisoner will recidivate upon release from prison, based on factors including indicators of progress and of regression, that are dy- namic and that can reasonably be expected to change while in prison. (Added Pub. L. 115–391, title I, § 101(a), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5207.) [CHAPTER 231—REPEALED] [§§ 3651 to 3656. Repealed or Renumbered. Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 212(a)(1), (2), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1987] Section 3651, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 842; June 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85–463, § 1, 72 Stat. 216; Aug. 23,