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18 U.S.C. § 3635 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this subchapter the following definitions apply:
(1) **Dyslexia.—** — The term “dyslexia” means an unexpected difficulty in reading for an individual who has the intelligence to be a much better reader, most commonly caused by a difficulty in the phonological processing (the appreciation of the individual sounds of spoken language), which affects the ability of an individual to speak, read, and spell.
(2) **Dyslexia screening program.—** — The term “dyslexia screening program” means a screening program for dyslexia that is—
(A) evidence-based (as defined in section 8101(21) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ([20 U.S.C. 7801(21)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section7801/21&num=0&edition=prelim))) with proven psychometrics for validity;
(B) efficient and low-cost; and
(C) readily available.
(3) **Evidence-based recidivism reduction program.—** — The term “evidence-based recidivism reduction program” means either a group or individual activity that—
(A) has been shown by empirical evidence to reduce recidivism or is based on research indicating that it is likely to be effective in reducing recidivism;
(B) is designed to help prisoners succeed in their communities upon release from prison; and
(C) may include—
(i) social learning and communication, interpersonal, anti-bullying, rejection response, and other life skills;
(ii) family relationship building, structured parent-child interaction, and parenting skills;
(iii) classes on morals or ethics;
(iv) academic classes;
(v) cognitive behavioral treatment;
(vi) mentoring;
(vii) substance abuse treatment;
(viii) vocational training;
(ix) faith-based classes or services;
(x) civic engagement and
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 229, § 3635; chapter-229-postsentence-administration.md
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In this subchapter the following definitions apply:
(1) **Dyslexia.—** — The term “dyslexia” means an unexpected difficulty in reading for an individual who has the intelligence to be a much better reader, most commonly caused by a difficulty in the phonological processing (the appreciation of the individual sounds of spoken language), which affects the ability of an individual to speak, read, and spell.
(2) **Dyslexia screening program.—** — The term “dyslexia screening program” means a screening program for dyslexia that is—
(A) evidence-based (as defined in section 8101(21) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ([20 U.S.C. 7801(21)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section7801/21&num=0&edition=prelim))) with proven psychometrics for validity;
(B) efficient and low-cost; and
(C) readily available.
(3) **Evidence-based recidivism reduction program.—** — The term “evidence-based recidivism reduction program” means either a group or individual activity that—
(A) has been shown by empirical evidence to reduce recidivism or is based on research indicating that it is likely to be effective in reducing recidivism;
(B) is designed to help prisoners succeed in their communities upon release from prison; and
(C) may include—
(i) social learning and communication, interpersonal, anti-bullying, rejection response, and other life skills;
(ii) family relationship building, structured parent-child interaction, and parenting skills;
(iii) classes on morals or ethics;
(iv) academic classes;
(v) cognitive behavioral treatment;
(vi) mentoring;
(vii) substance abuse treatment;
(viii) vocational training;
(ix) faith-based classes or services;
(x) civic engagement and reintegrative community services;
(xi) a prison job, including through a prison work program;
(xii) victim impact classes or other restorative justice programs; and
(xiii) trauma counseling and trauma-informed support programs.
(4) **Prisoner.—** — The term “prisoner” means a person who has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment pursuant to a conviction for a Federal criminal offense, or a person in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons.
(5) **Productive activity.—** — The term “productive activity” means either a group or individual activity that is designed to allow prisoners determined as having a minimum or low risk of recidivating to remain productive and thereby maintain a minimum or low risk of recidivating, and may include the delivery of the programs described in paragraph (1) 11 So in original. Probably should be “paragraph (3)”. to other prisoners.
(6) **Risk and needs assessment tool.—** — The term “risk and needs assessment tool” means an objective and statistically validated method through which information is collected and evaluated to determine—
(A) as part of the intake process, the risk that a prisoner will recidivate upon release from prison;
(B) the recidivism reduction programs that will best minimize the risk that the prisoner will recidivate upon release from prison; and
(C) the periodic reassessment of risk that a prisoner will recidivate upon release from prison, based on factors including indicators of progress and of regression, that are dynamic and that can reasonably be expected to change while in prison.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Commitment to Custody of Bureau of Prisons.—** A person who has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment pursuant to the provisions of subchapter D of chapter 227 shall be committed to the custody of the Bureau of Prisons until the expiration of the term imposed, or until earlier released for satisfactory behavior pursuant to the provisions of section 3624.
**(b) Place of Imprisonment.—** The Bureau of Prisons shall designate the place of the prisoner’s imprisonment, and shall, subject to bed availability, the prisoner’s security designation, the prisoner’s programmatic needs, the prisoner’s mental and medical health needs, any request made by the prisoner related to faith-based needs, recommendations of the sentencing court, and other security concerns of the Bureau of Prisons, place the prisoner in a facility as close as practicable to the prisoner’s primary residence, and to the extent practicable, in a facility within 500 driving miles of that residence. The Bureau shall, subject to consideration of the factors described in the preceding sentence and the prisoner’s preference for staying at his or her current facility or being transferred, transfer prisoners to facilities that are closer to the prisoner’s primary residence even if the prisoner is already in a facility within 500 driving miles of that residence. The Bureau may designate any available penal or correctional facility that meets minimum standards of health and habitability established by the Bureau, whether maintained by the Federal Government or otherwise and whether within or without the judicial district in which the person was convicted, that the Bureau determines to be appropriate and suitable, considering—
(1) the resources of the facility contemplated;
(2) the nature and circumstances of
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 3621
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** The Bureau of Prisons, under the direction of the Attorney General, shall—
(1) have charge of the management and regulation of all Federal penal and correctional institutions;
(2) provide suitable quarters and provide for the safekeeping, care, and subsistence of all persons charged with or convicted of offenses against the United States, or held as witnesses or otherwise;
(3) provide for the protection, instruction, and discipline of all persons charged with or convicted of offenses against the United States;
(4) provide technical assistance to State, tribal, and local governments in the improvement of their correctional systems;
(5) provide notice of release of prisoners in accordance with subsections (b) and (c);
(6) establish prerelease planning procedures that help prisoners—
(A) apply for Federal and State benefits upon release (including Social Security benefits, and veterans’ benefits);
(B) obtain identification, including a social security card, driver’s license or other official photo identification, and a birth certificate; and
(C) secure such identification and benefits prior to release from a sentence to a term of imprisonment in a Federal prison or if the individual was not sentenced to a term of imprisonment in a Federal prison, prior to release from a sentence to a term of community confinement, subject to any limitations in law; and
(7) establish reentry planning procedures that include providing Federal prisoners with information in the following areas:
(A) Health and nutrition.
(B) Employment.
(C) Literacy and education.
(D) Personal finance and consumer skills.
(E) Community resources.
(F) Personal growth and development.
(G) Release requirements and procedures.
**(b) Notice of Release of Pri
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 4042
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment** There is established within the Department of Justice, under the general authority of the Attorney General, a Bureau of Justice Statistics (hereinafter referred to in this subchapter as “Bureau”).
**(b) Appointment of Director; experience; authority; restrictions** The Bureau shall be headed by a Director appointed by the President. The Director shall have had experience in statistical programs. The Director shall have final authority for all grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts awarded by the Bureau. The Director shall be responsible for the integrity of data and statistics and shall protect against improper or illegal use or disclosure. The Director shall report to the Attorney General through the Assistant Attorney General. The Director shall not engage in any other employment than that of serving as Director; nor shall the Director hold any office in, or act in any capacity for, any organization, agency, or institution with which the Bureau makes any contract or other arrangement under this Act.
**(c) Duties and functions of Bureau** The Bureau is authorized to—
(1) make grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements or contracts with public agencies, institutions of higher education, private organizations, or private individuals for purposes related to this subchapter; grants shall be made subject to continuing compliance with standards for gathering justice statistics set forth in rules and regulations promulgated by the Director;
(2) collect and analyze information concerning criminal victimization, including crimes against the elderly, and civil disputes;
(3) collect and analyze data that will serve as a continuous and comparable national social indication of the prevalence, incidence, rates, extent, distribution, and attribu
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 10132
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—**
(1) **Authority of attorney general over certain audits and investigations.—** — Notwithstanding the 2d sentence and last sentence of [section 403(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section403/a&num=0&edition=prelim), the Inspector General shall be under the authority, direction, and control of the Attorney General with respect to audits or investigations, or the issuance of subpoenas, which require access to sensitive information concerning—
(A) ongoing civil or criminal investigations or proceedings;
(B) undercover operations;
(C) the identity of confidential sources, including protected witnesses;
(D) intelligence or counterintelligence matters; or
(E) other matters the disclosure of which would constitute a serious threat to national security.
(2) **Authority of attorney general to prohibit carrying out or completing certain audits and investigations.—** — With respect to the information described under paragraph (1), the Attorney General may prohibit the Inspector General from carrying out or completing any audit or investigation, from accessing information described in paragraph (1), or from issuing any subpoena, after such Inspector General has decided to initiate, carry out, or complete such audit or investigation, access such information, or to issue such subpoena, if the Attorney General determines that such prohibition is necessary to prevent the disclosure of any information described under paragraph (1) or to prevent significant impairment to the national interests of the United States.
(3) **Notification and statement of reasons for exercise of power.—** — If the Attorney General exercises any power under paragraph (1) or (2), the Attorney General shall notify the Ins
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 413
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 864
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 3635
1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘paragraph (3)’’.
(ii) expansions of recidivism reduction
programs and productive activities in the
Bureau of Prisons; and
(D) a description of how the reduced ex-
penditures on Federal corrections and the
budgetary savings resulting from this sub-
chapter are currently being used and will be
used to—
(i) increase investment in law enforce-
ment and crime prevention to combat
gangs of national significance and high-
level drug traffickers through the High In-
tensity Drug Trafficking Areas Program
and other task forces;
(ii) hire, train, and equip law enforce-
ment officers and prosecutors; and
(iii) promote crime reduction programs
using evidence-based practices and stra-
tegic planning to help reduce crime and
criminal recidivism.
(8) Statistics on—
(A) the prevalence of dyslexia among pris-
oners in prisons operated by the Bureau of
Prisons; and
(B) any change in the effectiveness of dys-
lexia mitigation programs among such pris-
oners that may be attributed to the incorpo-
ration of dyslexia screening into the System
and of dyslexia treatment into the evidence-
based recidivism reduction programs, as re-
quired under this chapter.
(Added Pub. L. 115–391, title I, § 101(a), Dec. 21,
2018, 132 Stat. 5205.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
The date of enactment of this subchapter, referred to
in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 115–391,
which was approved Dec. 21, 2018.
This Act, referred to in par. (1), is Pub. L. 115–391,
Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5194, known as the First Step Act
of 2018. For complete classification of this Act to the
Code, see Short Title of 2018 Amendment note under
section 1 of this title and Tables.
§ 3635. Definition
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 18 U.S.C. § 3635
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Except as otherwise provided, in this chapter:
(1) **Average daily attendance**
(A) *In general* — Except as provided otherwise by State law or this paragraph, the term “average daily attendance” means—
(i) the aggregate number of days of attendance of all students during a school year; divided by
(ii) the number of days school is in session during that year.
(B) *Conversion* — The Secretary shall permit the conversion of average daily membership (or other similar data) to average daily attendance for local educational agencies in States that provide State aid to local educational agencies on the basis of average daily membership (or other similar data).
(C) *Special rule* — If the local educational agency in which a child resides makes a tuition or other payment for the free public education of the child in a school located in another school district, the Secretary shall, for the purpose of this chapter—
(i) consider the child to be in attendance at a school of the agency making the payment; and
(ii) not consider the child to be in attendance at a school of the agency receiving the payment.
(D) *Children with disabilities* — If a local educational agency makes a tuition payment to a private school or to a public school of another local educational agency for a child with a disability, as defined in [section 1401 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1401&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary shall, for the purpose of this chapter, consider the child to be in attendance at a school of the agency making the payment.
(2) **Average per-pupil expenditure** — The term “average per-pupil expenditure” means, in the case of a State or of the United States—
(A) without regard to the source o
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 7801
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1615
TITLE 20—EDUCATION
§ 7801
under this subchapter for fiscal year 2002, see section 5
of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as an Effective Date note
under section 6301 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER VIII—GENERAL PROVISIONS
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, § 8001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129
Stat. 2088, redesignated subchapter IX (§ 7801 et seq.) of
this chapter as this subchapter.
Title VIII of the Elementary and Secondary Edu-
cation Act of 1965, comprising this subchapter, was
originally enacted as part of Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965,
79 Stat. 27, and subsequently revised, restated, redesig-
nated, and amended by other public laws. Title VIII is
shown, herein, as having been added as title IX of Pub.
L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, § 901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115
Stat. 1956, without reference to earlier amendments be-
cause of the extensive revision of the title’s provisions
by Pub. L. 107–110. Title IX of Pub. L. 89–10 was subse-
quently redesignated title VIII by Pub. L. 114–95, title
VIII, § 8001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, and trans-
ferred to this subchapter. See Codification note pre-
ceding section 6301 of this title.
PRIOR PROVISIONS
A prior title VIII of the Elementary and Secondary
Education Act of 1965, comprising former subchapter
VIII (§ 7701 et seq.) of this chapter, was redesignated
title VII of the Act by Pub. L. 114–95, title VII, § 7001(c),
Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2074, and transferred to sub-
chapter VII (§ 7701 et seq.) of this chapter.
PART A—DEFINITIONS
§ 7801. Definitions
Except as otherwise provided, in this chapter:
(1) Average daily attendance
(A) In general
Except as provided otherwise by State law
or this paragraph, the term ‘‘average daily
attendance’’ means—
(i) the aggregate number of days
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 20 U.S.C. § 7801
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