22 U.S.C. § 2151e — Appropriate technology

Page 615 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2151e tions that focus on populations that are vul- nerable to environmental and resource-scar- city crises, such as subsistence farming com- munities; (3) seed or transition-to-scale funding; (4) clear and appropriate branding and mark- ing of United States funded assistance, in ac- cordance with section 2401 of this title; and (5) accelerating demonstrations or applica- tions of local solutions to sustainability chal- lenges, or the further refinement, testing, or implementation of innovations that have pre- viously effectively addressed sustainability challenges. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 106, as added Pub. L. 94–161, title III, § 306(2), Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 858; amended Pub. L. 95–88, title I, § 105, Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 535; Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 106, Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 947; Pub. L. 96–53, title I, §§ 104(b), 105, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 360, 362; Pub. L. 96–533, title III, § 304(b)–(f), Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3146; Pub. L. 97–113, title III, § 304, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1533; Pub. L. 99–83, title III, § 307, title XII, § 1211(a)(2), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 215, 279; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, § 1278, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3981.) Editorial Notes PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 2151d, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 106, as added Pub. L. 93–189, § 2(3), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 715, au- thorized additional appropriations of $53,000,000 for fis- cal years 1974, and 1975, for assistance to solve selected development problems in such fields as transportation, power, industry, urban development, and export devel- opment, prior to repeal by section 306(1) of Pub. L. 94–161. AMENDMENTS 2021—Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 116–283 added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsecs. (e) and (f) which related to authorization of appropriations and financing coop- erative projects among United States, Israel, and devel- oping countries, respectively. 1985—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 99–83, § 1211(a)(2), struck out par. (A) designation, and struck out par. (B) which related to use of funds in fiscal year 1981 for geological and geophysical survey work. Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 99–83, § 307(a), amended par. (1) generally, substituting provisions authorizing appro- priations of $207,000,000 for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 for provisions authorizing appropriations of $147,200,000 for fiscal years 1982 and 1983. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–83, § 307(b), added subsec. (f). 1981—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 97–113, § 304(a), authorized assistance for programs of disaster preparedness, in- cluding the prediction of and contingency planning for natural disasters abroad. Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 97–113, § 304(b), substituted ap- propriations of $147,200,000 for fiscal years 1982 and 1983, for appropriations of $140,000,000 for fiscal year 1981. 1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–533, § 304(b), designated existing provisions as subpar. (1)(A), substituted sub- par. (B), (C), and (D) for par. (2), (3), and (4) designa- tions, substituted in subpar. (C), cl. (i), (ii), and (iii) for (A), (B), and (C) designations, and added par. (2). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–533, § 304(c), (d), designated ex- isting provisions as subpar. (1)(A), substituted subpar. (B) for par. (2) designation, substituted in subpar. (1)(B) ‘‘fiscal year 1981 shall be used for purposes of subpara- graph (A)’’ for ‘‘fiscal year 1980 shall be used for pur- poses of paragraph (1)’’ and added par. (2). Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 96–533, § 304(d)–(f), added subsec. (c), redesignated former subsecs. (c) and (d) as (d) and (e), respectively, and in subsec. (e) designated text as pars. (1) and (2), and in par. (1) as so designated, substituted appropriations authorization of ‘‘$140,000,000 for the fiscal year 1981’’ for such appropria- tion of ‘‘$125,000,000 for the fiscal year 1980’’. 1979—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 96–53, § 104(b)(2), (3), added subsecs. (a) and (b). Former subsecs. (a) and (b) redesignated (c) and (d), respectively. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–53, § 104(b)(1), (2), redesignated former subsec. (a) as (c), struck out par. (2), relating to programs to increase energy production and conserva- tion, and redesignated pars. (3) to (6) as (2) to (5), re- spectively. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–53, §§ 104(b)(2), 105, redesignated former subsec. (b) as (d) and substituted provisions au- thorizing appropriations for fiscal year 1980 of $125,000,000, for provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 1979 of $126,244,000, and setting forth re- quirements for appropriations available to private vol- untary agencies of the United States. 1978—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–424 substituted ‘‘$126,244,000 for the fiscal year 1979, which amount is’’ for ‘‘$104,500,000 for the fiscal year 1977 and $105,000,000 for the fiscal year 1978, which amounts are’’. 1977—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–88 struck out provisions authorizing an appropriation of $99,550,000 for fiscal year 1976 and inserted provisions authorizing an appro- priation of $105,000,000 for fiscal year 1978. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries REFERENCES TO SUBCHAPTER I DEEMED TO INCLUDE CERTAIN PARTS OF SUBCHAPTER II References to subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include parts IV (§ 2346 et seq.), VI (§ 2348 et seq.), and VIII (§ 2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter, and references to subchapter II are deemed to exclude such parts. See section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1985 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 99–83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as a note under sec- tion 2151–1 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96–53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title. Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title. § 2151e. Appropriate technology (a) In carrying out activities under this part, the President shall place special emphasis on the use of relatively smaller, cost-saving, labor- using technologies that are generally most ap- propriate for the small farms, small businesses, and small incomes of the poor. (b) Funds made available to carry out this part should be used to the extent practicable for activities in the field of appropriate technology, including support of an expanded and coordi- nated private effort to promote the development Page 616 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2151f and dissemination of appropriate technology in developing countries. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 107, as added Pub. L. 94–161, title III, § 306(2), Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 859; amended Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 107, Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 947.) Editorial Notes PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 2151e, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 107, as added Pub. L. 93–189, § 2(3), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 715, au- thorized additional appropriations of $39,000,000 for fis- cal years 1974, and 1975, for assistance to select coun- tries and organizations in support of general economy of recipient countries as for development programs conducted by private international organizations, prior to repeal by section 306(1) of Pub. L. 94–161. See section 2151d of this title. AMENDMENTS 1978—Pub. L. 95–424 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted provisions mandating that the President place special emphasis on the use of rel- atively smaller, cost-saving, labor-using technologies generally more appropriate for small farms, small busi- nesses and small incomes of the poor, for provisions au- thorizing the use of $20,000,000 for activities in the field of intermediate technology, directing the Agency for International Development to prepare a proposal to carry out this section and to keep Congress informed, and to implement such proposal, and added subsec. (b). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title. Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title. § 2151f. Transferred Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 108, as added Pub. L. 98–151, § 101(b)(2), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 972 and amended, which related to microenterprise development credits, was renumbered section 256 of Pub. L. 87–195 by Pub. L. 108–484, § 4(a), (b), Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3926, 3927, and transferred to section 2212 of this title. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 2151f, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 108, as added Pub. L. 93–189, § 2(3), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 715, re- lated to application of subpart I, II, or X of part II of this subchapter to assistance under this part, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 102(g)(2)(K)(i), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 943, eff. Oct. 1, 1978. § 2151g. Transfer of funds Whenever the President determines it to be necessary for the purposes of this part, not to exceed 15 per centum of the funds made avail- able for any provision of this part may be trans- ferred to, and consolidated with, the funds made available for any other provision of this part, and may be used for any of the purposes for which such funds may be used, except that the total in the provision for the benefit of which the transfer is made shall not be increased by more than 25 per centum of the amount of funds made available for such provision. The author- ity of sections 2360(a) and 2364(a) of this title may not be used to transfer funds made avail- able under this part for use for purposes of any other provision of this chapter, except that the authority of such sections may be used to trans- fer for the purposes of section 2427 of this title not to exceed five per centum of the amount of funds made available for section 2427(a)(1) of this title. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 109, as added Pub. L. 93–189, § 2(3), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 716; amended Pub. L. 95–88, title I, § 129(b), Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 543; Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 102(g)(2)(K)(ii), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 943.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables. AMENDMENTS 1978—Pub. L. 95–424 substituted ‘‘Whenever’’ for ‘‘Not- withstanding section 2151f of this title, whenever’’. 1977—Pub. L. 95–88 provided that the authority under sections 2360(a) and 2364(a) of this title may be used to transfer for the purposes of section 2427 of this title not to exceed five per centum of the amount of funds made available for section 2427(a)(1) of this title. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title. Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title. § 2151h. Cost-sharing No assistance shall be furnished by the United States Government to a country under sections 2151a through 2151d of this title until the coun- try provides assurances to the President, and the President is satisfied, that such country will provide at least 25 per centum of the costs of the entire program, project, or activity with respect to which such assistance is to be furnished, ex- cept that such costs borne by such country may be provided on an ‘‘inkind’’ basis. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 110, as added Pub. L. 93–189, § 2(3), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 716; amended Pub. L. 94–161, title III, § 307, Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 859; Pub. L. 95–88, title I, § 106, Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 535; Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 112(b), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 949; Pub. L. 99–83, title XII, § 1211(a)(3), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 279.)