22 U.S.C. § 9524 — Imposition of sanctions with respect to ac-

Page 2253 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 9525 Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Executive Order No. 13662, referred to in section catchline and text, is Ex. Ord. No. 13662, Mar. 20, 2014, 79 F.R. 16169, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. § 9524. Imposition of sanctions with respect to ac- tivities of the Russian Federation under- mining cybersecurity (a) In general On and after the date that is 60 days after Au- gust 2, 2017, the President shall— (1) impose the sanctions described in sub- section (b) with respect to any person that the President determines— (A) knowingly engages in significant ac- tivities undermining cybersecurity against any person, including a democratic institu- tion, or government on behalf of the Govern- ment of the Russian Federation; or (B) is owned or controlled by, or acts or purports to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, a person described in subpara- graph (A); (2) impose five or more of the sanctions de- scribed in section 9529 of this title with re- spect to any person that the President deter- mines knowingly materially assists, sponsors, or provides financial, material, or techno- logical support for, or goods or services (ex- cept financial services) in support of, an activ- ity described in paragraph (1)(A); and (3) impose three or more of the sanctions de- scribed in section 8923(c) of this title with re- spect to any person that the President deter- mines knowingly provides financial services in support of an activity described in paragraph (1)(A). (b) Sanctions described The sanctions described in this subsection are the following: (1) Asset blocking The exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person determined by the Presi- dent to be subject to subsection (a)(1) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or con- trol of a United States person. (2) Exclusion from the United States and rev- ocation of visa or other documentation In the case of an alien determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a)(1), de- nial of a visa to, and exclusion from the United States of, the alien, and revocation in accordance with section 1201(i) of title 8, of any visa or other documentation of the alien. (c) Application of new cyber sanctions The President may waive the initial applica- tion under subsection (a) of sanctions with re- spect to a person only if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees— (1) a written determination that the waiv- er— (A) is in the vital national security inter- ests of the United States; or (B) will further the enforcement of this chapter; and (2) a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation has made significant efforts to reduce the number and intensity of cyber intrusions conducted by that Govern- ment. (d) Significant activities undermining cybersecurity defined In this section, the term ‘‘significant activi- ties undermining cybersecurity’’ includes— (1) significant efforts— (A) to deny access to or degrade, disrupt, or destroy an information and communica- tions technology system or network; or (B) to exfiltrate, degrade, corrupt, destroy, or release information from such a system or network without authorization for pur- poses of— (i) conducting influence operations; or (ii) causing a significant misappropria- tion of funds, economic resources, trade secrets, personal identifications, or finan- cial information for commercial or com- petitive advantage or private financial gain; (2) significant destructive malware attacks; and (3) significant denial of service activities. (Pub. L. 115–44, title II, § 224, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 908.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§ 1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and Na- tional Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables. This chapter, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(B), was in the original ‘‘this title’’, meaning title II of Pub. L. 115–44, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 898, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title II to the Code, see section 201 of Pub. L. 115–44, set out as a Short Title note under section 9501 of this title and Tables. § 9525. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons engaging in transactions with the in- telligence or defense sectors of the Govern- ment of the Russian Federation (a) In general On and after the date that is 180 days after Au- gust 2, 2017, the President shall impose five or more of the sanctions described in section 9529 of this title with respect to a person the Presi- dent determines knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017, engages in a significant transaction with a person that is part of, or operates for or on be- half of, the defense or intelligence sectors of the Government of the Russian Federation, includ- ing the Main Intelligence Agency of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Fed-