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51 U.S.C. § 70505 — Lunar outpost

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51 U.S.C. § 70505 — Lunar outpost

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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:usc2024-816de7dcaff4d7ee6cc7b975
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code-2024/title-51/section-70505-lunar-outpost--fde06eb356.md
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Source location: USCODE-2024-title51-subtitleVII-chap705-sec70505.pdf

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Page 173 TITLE 51—NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS § 70506 a timetable determined by the availability of funding, in order to achieve the objective of human exploration of Mars specified in section 202(b)(5) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18312(b)(5)); and (2) shall incorporate any such missions into the human exploration roadmap under section 432 of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad- ministration Transition Authorization Act of 2017. (b) COST-EFFECTIVENESS.—In order to maxi- mize the cost-effectiveness of the long-term space exploration and utilization activities of the United States, the Administrator shall take all necessary steps, including engaging inter- national, academic, and industry partners, to ensure that activities in the Administration’s human space exploration program balance how those activities might also help meet the re- quirements of future exploration and utilization activities leading to human habitation on the surface of Mars. (c) COMPLETION.—Within budgetary consider- ations, once an exploration-related project en- ters its development phase, the Administrator shall seek, to the maximum extent practicable, to complete that project without undue delays. (d) INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION.—In order to achieve the goal of successfully conducting a crewed mission to the surface of Mars, the Presi- dent may invite the United States partners in the ISS program and other nations, as appro- priate, to participate in an international initia- tive under the leadership of the United States. (Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3431; Pub. L. 115–10, title IV, § 414, Mar. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 34.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 70504 .......... 42 U.S.C. 17731. Pub. L. 110–422, title IV, § 403, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4789. Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 432 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2017, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is section 432 of Pub. L. 115–10, which is set out in a note under section 20302 of this title. AMENDMENTS 2017—Pub. L. 115–10 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘In order to maxi- mize the cost-effectiveness of the long-term explo- ration and utilization activities of the United States, the Administrator shall take all necessary steps, in- cluding engaging international partners, to ensure that activities in its lunar exploration program shall be de- signed and implemented in a manner that gives strong consideration to how those activities might also help meet the requirements of future exploration and utili- zation activities beyond the Moon. The timetable of the lunar phase of the long-term international explo- ration initiative shall be determined by the avail- ability of funding. However, once an exploration-re- lated project enters its development phase, the Admin- istrator shall seek, to the maximum extent practicable, to complete that project without undue delays.’’ § 70505. Lunar outpost (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—As the Administration works toward the establishment of a lunar out- post, the Administration shall make no plans that would require a lunar outpost to be occu- pied to maintain its viability. Any such outpost shall be operable as a human-tended facility ca- pable of remote or autonomous operation for ex- tended periods. (b) DESIGNATION.—The United States portion of the first human-tended outpost established on the surface of the Moon shall be designated the ‘‘Neil A. Armstrong Lunar Outpost’’. (Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3431.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 70505(a) ...... 42 U.S.C. 17732(a). Pub. L. 110–422, title IV, § 404(a), (b), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4789. 70505(b) ...... 42 U.S.C. 17732(b). § 70506. Exploration technology research The Administrator shall carry out a program of long-term exploration-related technology re- search and development, including such things as in-space propulsion, power systems, life sup- port, and advanced avionics, that is not tied to specific flight projects. The program shall have the funding goal of ensuring that the technology research and development can be completed in a timely manner in order to support the safe, suc- cessful, and sustainable exploration of the solar system. In addition, in order to ensure that the broadest range of innovative concepts and tech- nologies are captured, the long-term technology program shall have the goal of having a signifi- cant portion of its funding available for external grants and contracts with universities, research institutions, and industry. (Pub. L. 111–314, § 3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3431.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 70506 .......... 42 U.S.C. 17733(b). Pub. L. 110–422, title IV, § 405(b), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4789. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries PURPOSE Pub. L. 110–422, title IV, § 405(a), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4789, provided that: ‘‘A robust program of long-term ex- ploration-related technology research and development will be essential for the success and sustainability of any enduring initiative of human and robotic explo- ration of the solar system.’’ INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT Pub. L. 106–391, title III, § 313, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1594, provided that: ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—In order to pro- mote a ‘faster, cheaper, better’ approach to the human exploration and development of space, the Adminis- trator [of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- tration] shall establish a Human Space Flight Innova- tive Technologies program of ground-based and space- based research and development in innovative tech- nologies. The program shall be part of the Technology and Commercialization program.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 17731 — Repealed. Pub. L. 111–314, § 6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3444

### Statutory Notes Section, Pub. L. 110–422, title III, § 307, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4788, related to funding for research and development activities in support of other mission directorates. See [section 40104 of Title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section40104&num=0&edition=prelim), National and Commercial Space Programs.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 17731

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 17731 — Repealed. Pub. L. 111–314, § 6, Dec. 18,

Page 9063 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE §§ 17741, 17742 the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Na- tional Aeronautics and Space Administration, was transferred and is set out as a note under section 20102 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs. Section 17702, Pub. L. 110–422, § 3, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4782, which related to definitions, was transferred and is set out as a note under section 10101 of Title 51. SUBCHAPTER I—EARTH SCIENCE § 17711. Repealed. Pub. L. 111–314, § 6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3444 Section, Pub. L. 110–422, title II, § 201, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4784, related to goal for NASA’s Earth Science program. See section 60501 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs. §§ 17712, 17713. Repealed or Omitted Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section 17712, Pub. L. 110–422, title II, § 204, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4785, which related to transitioning ex- perimental research into operational services, was re- pealed in part and omitted in part. Subsecs. (b), (c), and (d) were repealed and reenacted as subsecs. (a), (b), and (c), respectively, of section 60502 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs, by Pub. L. 111–314, §§ 3, 6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3328, 3444, which Act en- acted Title 51. Subsec. (a), which provided sense of Con- gress regarding such transitioning, was omitted from the Code following the enactment of Title 51. Section 17713, Pub. L. 110–422, title II, § 206, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4785, which related to reauthorization of Glory Mission examining effect of aerosols and solar energy on climate, was repealed in part and omitted in part. Subsec. (a) was repealed and reenacted as section 60503 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Pro- grams, by Pub. L. 11

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 17731

Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 42 U.S.C. § 17731. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 17732 — Repealed. Pub. L. 111–314, § 6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3444

### Statutory Notes Section, Pub. L. 110–422, title IV, § 403, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4789, related to stepping stone approach to exploration. See [section 70504 of Title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section70504&num=0&edition=prelim), National and Commercial Space Programs.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 17732

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 17732 — Repealed or Omitted

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 17732

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 17733 — Repealed or Omitted

### Statutory Notes #### Codification Section 17732, Pub. L. 110–422, title IV, § 404, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4789, which related to establishment of a lunar outpost, was repealed in part and omitted in part. Subsecs. (a) and (b) were repealed and reenacted as [section 70505 of Title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section70505&num=0&edition=prelim), National and Commercial Space Programs, by Pub. L. 111–314, §§ 3, 6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3328, 3444, which Act enacted Title 51. Subsec. (c), providing sense of Congress relating to use of commercial services in support of lunar outpost activities, was omitted from the Code following the enactment of Title 51.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 17733

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 17733 — Repealed or Transferred

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 17733

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 18312 — Definitions

In this chapter: (1) **Administrator** — The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2) **Appropriate committees of Congress** — The term “appropriate committees of Congress” means— (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Science 11 So in original. Probably should be followed by “and Technology”. of the House of Representatives. (3) **Cis-lunar space** — The term “cis-lunar space” means the region of space from the Earth out to and including the region around the surface of the Moon. (4) **Deep space** — The term “deep space” means the region of space beyond cis-lunar space. (5) **ISS** — The term “ISS” means the International Space Station. (6) **NASA** — The term “NASA” means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (7) **Near-Earth space** — The term “near-Earth space” means the region of space that includes low-Earth orbit and extends out to and includes geo-synchronous orbit. (8) **NOAA** — The term “NOAA” means the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (9) **OSTP** — The term “OSTP” means the Office of Science and Technology Policy. (10) **Space Launch System** — The term “Space Launch System” means the follow-on government-owned civil launch system developed, managed, and operated by NASA to serve as a key component to expand human presence beyond low-Earth orbit.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 18312

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 18312 — Goals and objectives

Page 9148 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 18312 1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘century.’’ 1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period. Editorial Notes CODIFICATION In subsec. (b), ‘‘section 70501(a) of title 51’’ sub- stituted for ‘‘section 501(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16761(a))’’ on authority of Pub. L. 111–314, § 5(e), Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3443, which Act enacted Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs. AMENDMENTS 2017—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–10 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘It is the policy of the United States that reliance upon and use of non-United States human space flight capabilities shall be undertaken only as a contingency in circumstances where no United States-owned and op- erated human space flight capability is available, oper- ational, and certified for flight by appropriate Federal agencies.’’ § 18312. Goals and objectives (a) Long-term goals The long-term goals of the human space flight and exploration efforts of NASA shall be— (1) to expand permanent human presence be- yond low-Earth orbit and to do so, where prac- tical, in a manner involving international, academic, and industry partners; (2) crewed missions and progress toward achieving the goal in paragraph (1) to enable the potential for subsequent human explo- ration and the extension of human presence throughout the solar system; and (3) to enable a capability to extend human presence, including potential human habi- tation on another celestial body and a thriving space economy in the 21st Century.1 (b) Key objectives The key objectives of the United States for human expansion into space shall be— (1) to sustai

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 18312

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

51 U.S.C. § 70505 — Lunar outpost

**(a) Establishment.—** As the Administration works toward the establishment of a lunar outpost, the Administration shall make no plans that would require a lunar outpost to be occupied to maintain its viability. Any such outpost shall be operable as a human-tended facility capable of remote or autonomous operation for extended periods. **(b) Designation.—** The United States portion of the first human-tended outpost established on the surface of the Moon shall be designated the “Neil A. Armstrong Lunar Outpost”.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 70505

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