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42 U.S.C. § 18312 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Administrator** — The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(2) **Appropriate committees of Congress** — The term “appropriate committees of Congress” means—
(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Science 11 So in original. Probably should be followed by “and Technology”. of the House of Representatives.
(3) **Cis-lunar space** — The term “cis-lunar space” means the region of space from the Earth out to and including the region around the surface of the Moon.
(4) **Deep space** — The term “deep space” means the region of space beyond cis-lunar space.
(5) **ISS** — The term “ISS” means the International Space Station.
(6) **NASA** — The term “NASA” means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(7) **Near-Earth space** — The term “near-Earth space” means the region of space that includes low-Earth orbit and extends out to and includes geo-synchronous orbit.
(8) **NOAA** — The term “NOAA” means the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(9) **OSTP** — The term “OSTP” means the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
(10) **Space Launch System** — The term “Space Launch System” means the follow-on government-owned civil launch system developed, managed, and operated by NASA to serve as a key component to expand human presence beyond low-Earth orbit.
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 159, § 18312; chapter-159-space-exploration-technology-and-science.md
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In this chapter:
(1) **Administrator** — The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(2) **Appropriate committees of Congress** — The term “appropriate committees of Congress” means—
(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Science 11 So in original. Probably should be followed by “and Technology”. of the House of Representatives.
(3) **Cis-lunar space** — The term “cis-lunar space” means the region of space from the Earth out to and including the region around the surface of the Moon.
(4) **Deep space** — The term “deep space” means the region of space beyond cis-lunar space.
(5) **ISS** — The term “ISS” means the International Space Station.
(6) **NASA** — The term “NASA” means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(7) **Near-Earth space** — The term “near-Earth space” means the region of space that includes low-Earth orbit and extends out to and includes geo-synchronous orbit.
(8) **NOAA** — The term “NOAA” means the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(9) **OSTP** — The term “OSTP” means the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
(10) **Space Launch System** — The term “Space Launch System” means the follow-on government-owned civil launch system developed, managed, and operated by NASA to serve as a key component to expand human presence beyond low-Earth orbit.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Policy.—** Congress declares that a priority goal of constructing the International Space Station is the economic development of Earth orbital space. Congress further declares that free and competitive markets create the most efficient conditions for promoting economic development, and should therefore govern the economic development of Earth orbital space. Congress further declares that the use of free market principles in operating, servicing, allocating the use of, and adding capabilities to the Space Station, and the resulting fullest possible engagement of commercial providers and participation of commercial users, will reduce Space Station operational costs for all partners and the Federal Government’s share of the United States burden to fund operations.
**(b) Use of United States Commercially Provided Services.—**
(1) **In general.—** — In order to stimulate commercial use of space, help maximize the utility and productivity of the International Space Station, and enable a commercial means of providing crew transfer and crew rescue services for the International Space Station, the Administration shall—
(A) make use of United States commercially provided International Space Station crew transfer and crew rescue services to the maximum extent practicable, if those commercial services have demonstrated the capability to meet Administration-specified ascent, entry, and International Space Station proximity operations safety requirements;
(B) limit, to the maximum extent practicable, the use of the Crew Exploration Vehicle to missions carrying astronauts beyond low Earth orbit once commercial crew transfer and crew rescue services that meet safety requirements become operational;
(C) facilitate, to the maximum extent practicable, the transfer of Admi
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 50111
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 9148
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 18312
1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘century.’’
1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
In subsec. (b), ‘‘section 70501(a) of title 51’’ sub-
stituted for ‘‘section 501(a) of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (42
U.S.C. 16761(a))’’ on authority of Pub. L. 111–314, § 5(e),
Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3443, which Act enacted Title 51,
National and Commercial Space Programs.
AMENDMENTS
2017—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–10 amended subsec. (a)
generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:
‘‘It is the policy of the United States that reliance
upon and use of non-United States human space flight
capabilities shall be undertaken only as a contingency
in circumstances where no United States-owned and op-
erated human space flight capability is available, oper-
ational, and certified for flight by appropriate Federal
agencies.’’
§ 18312. Goals and objectives
(a) Long-term goals
The long-term goals of the human space flight
and exploration efforts of NASA shall be—
(1) to expand permanent human presence be-
yond low-Earth orbit and to do so, where prac-
tical, in a manner involving international,
academic, and industry partners;
(2) crewed missions and progress toward
achieving the goal in paragraph (1) to enable
the potential for subsequent human explo-
ration and the extension of human presence
throughout the solar system; and
(3) to enable a capability to extend human
presence, including potential human habi-
tation on another celestial body and a thriving
space economy in the 21st Century.1
(b) Key objectives
The key objectives of the United States for
human expansion into space shall be—
(1) to sustai
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 18312
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