15 U.S.C. § 4101 — Congressional findings and declaration of

Page 2101 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 4101 thorized to be appropriated to the Department of Com- merce— ‘‘(1) to carry out export promotion programs— ‘‘(A) $190,000,000 for fiscal year 1993; and ‘‘(B) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 1994; and ‘‘(2) to carry out section 4723 of this title, $5,500,000 for each of fiscal years 1993 and 1994.’’ 1992—Pub. L. 102–429 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: ‘‘There are au- thorized to be appropriated to the Department of Com- merce to carry out export promotion programs $123,922,000 for the fiscal year 1988, and $146,400,000 for each of the fiscal years 1989 and 1990.’’ 1988—Pub. L. 100–418 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: ‘‘There is au- thorized to be appropriated $123,922,000 for each of the fiscal years 1987 and 1988 to the Department of Com- merce to carry out export promotion programs.’’ 1986—Pub. L. 99–633 substituted provisions author- izing appropriations of $123,922,000 for each of the fiscal years 1987 and 1988 for provisions authorizing appro- priations of $113,273,000 for each of the fiscal years 1985 and 1986. § 4053. Barter arrangements (a) Report on status of Federal barter programs The Secretary of Agriculture and the Sec- retary of Energy shall, not later than 90 days after July 12, 1985, submit to the Congress a re- port on the status of Federal programs relating to the barter or exchange of commodities owned by the Commodity Credit Corporation for mate- rials and products produced in foreign countries. Such report shall include details of any changes necessary in existing law to allow the Depart- ment of Agriculture and, in the case of petro- leum resources, the Department of Energy, to implement fully any barter program. (b) Authorities of President The President is authorized— (1) to barter stocks of agricultural commod- ities acquired by the Government for petro- leum and petroleum products, and for other materials vital to the national interest, which are produced abroad, in situations in which sales would otherwise not occur; and (2) to purchase petroleum and petroleum products, and other materials vital to the na- tional interest, which are produced abroad and acquired by persons in the United States through barter for agricultural commodities produced in and exported from the United States through normal commercial trade channels. (c) Other provisions of law not affected In the case of any petroleum, petroleum prod- ucts, or other materials vital to the national in- terest, which are acquired under subsection (b), nothing in this section shall be construed to render inapplicable the provisions of any law then in effect which apply to the storage, dis- tribution, or use of such petroleum, petroleum products, or other materials vital to the na- tional interest. (d) Conventional markets not to be displaced by barters The President shall take steps to ensure that, in making any barter described in subsection (a) or (b)(1) or any purchase authorized by sub- section (b)(2), existing export markets for agri- cultural commodities operating on conventional business terms are safeguarded from displace- ment by the barter described in subsection (a), (b)(1), or (b)(2), as the case may be. In addition, the President shall ensure that any such barter is consistent with the international obligations of the United States, including the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. (e) Report to Congress The Secretary of Energy shall report to the Congress on the effect on energy security and on domestic energy supplies of any action taken under this section which results in the acquisi- tion by the Government of petroleum or petro- leum products. Such report shall be submitted to the Congress not later than 90 days after such acquisition. (Pub. L. 99–64, title II, § 203, July 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 158.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was enacted as part of the Export Adminis- tration Amendments Act of 1985, and not as part of Pub. L. 97–290 which enacted this chapter. CHAPTER 67—ARCTIC RESEARCH AND POLICY Sec. 4101. Congressional findings and declaration of pur- poses. 4102. Arctic Research Commission. 4103. Duties of Commission; publication of guide- lines; report to Congress. 4104. Cooperation with Commission. 4105. Administration. 4106. Implementation of Arctic research policy. 4107. Duties of Interagency Committee; report to Congress. 4108. Arctic research plan. 4109. Coordination and review of budget requests; Office of Science and Technology Policy; Office of Management and Budget. 4110. Authorization of appropriations; new spend- ing authority. 4111. ‘‘Arctic’’ defined. 4112. Annual agency budget and spending report. § 4101. Congressional findings and declaration of purposes (a) The Congress finds and declares that— (1) the Arctic, onshore and offshore, contains vital energy resources that can reduce the Na- tion’s dependence on foreign oil and improve the national balance of payments; (2) the Arctic is critical to national defense; (3) the renewable resources of the Arctic, specifically fish and other seafood, represent one of the Nation’s greatest commercial as- sets; (4) Arctic conditions directly affect global weather patterns and must be understood in order to promote better agricultural manage- ment throughout the United States; (5) industrial pollution not originating in the Arctic region collects in the polar air mass, has the potential to disrupt global weather patterns, and must be controlled through international cooperation and con- sultation; (6) the Arctic is a natural laboratory for re- search into human health and adaptation, Page 2102 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 4101 physical and psychological, to climates of ex- treme cold and isolation and may provide in- formation crucial for future defense needs; (7) atmospheric conditions peculiar to the Arctic make the Arctic a unique testing ground for research into high latitude commu- nications, which is likely to be crucial for fu- ture defense needs; (8) Arctic marine technology is critical to cost-effective recovery and transportation of energy resources and to the national defense; (9) the United States has important security, economic, and environmental interests in de- veloping and maintaining a fleet of icebreaking vessels capable of operating effec- tively in the heavy ice regions of the Arctic; (10) most Arctic-rim countries possess Arctic technologies far more advanced than those currently available in the United States; (11) Federal Arctic research is fragmented and uncoordinated at the present time, lead- ing to the neglect of certain areas of research and to unnecessary duplication of effort in other areas of research; (12) improved logistical coordination and support for Arctic research and better dissemi- nation of research data and information is necessary to increase the efficiency and util- ity of national Arctic research efforts; (13) a comprehensive national policy and program plan to organize and fund currently neglected scientific research with respect to the Arctic is necessary to fulfill national ob- jectives in Arctic research; (14) the Federal Government, in cooperation with State and local governments, should focus its efforts on the collection and charac- terization of basic data related to biological, materials, geophysical, social, and behavioral phenomena in the Arctic; (15) research into the long-range health, en- vironmental, and social effects of development in the Arctic is necessary to mitigate the ad- verse consequences of that development to the land and its residents; (16) Arctic research expands knowledge of the Arctic, which can enhance the lives of Arc- tic residents, increase opportunities for inter- national cooperation among Arctic-rim coun- tries, and facilitate the formulation of na- tional policy for the Arctic; and (17) the Alaskan Arctic provides an essential habitat for marine mammals, migratory wa- terfowl, and other forms of wildlife which are important to the Nation and which are essen- tial to Arctic residents. (b) The purposes of this chapter are— (1) to establish national policy, priorities, and goals and to provide a Federal program plan for basic and applied scientific research with respect to the Arctic, including natural resources and materials, physical, biological and health sciences, and social and behavioral sciences; (2) to establish an Arctic Research Commis- sion to promote Arctic research and to rec- ommend Arctic research policy; (3) to designate the National Science Foun- dation as the lead agency responsible for im- plementing Arctic research policy; and (4) to establish an Interagency Arctic Re- search Policy Committee to develop a national Arctic research policy and a five year plan to implement that policy. (Pub. L. 98–373, title I, § 102, July 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 1242; Pub. L. 103–199, title VI, § 601, Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2327.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1993—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103–199, § 601(1), struck out ‘‘as the Nation’s only common border with the So- viet Union,’’ before ‘‘the Arctic’’. Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 103–199, § 601(2), struck out ‘‘, particularly the Soviet Union,’’ after ‘‘countries’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 98–373, title I, § 102, July 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 1242, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984’.’’ Executive Documents EX. ORD. NO. 12501. ARCTIC RESEARCH Ex. Ord. No. 12501, Jan. 28, 1985, 50 F.R. 4191, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13286, § 45, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10627, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (Title I of Public Law 98–373) (‘‘the Act’’) [15 U.S.C. 4101 et seq.], it is hereby ordered as follows: SECTION 1. Establishment of Arctic Research Commission. There is established the Arctic Research Commission. SEC. 2. Membership of the Commission. (a) The Commis- sion shall be composed of five members appointed by the President, as follows: (1) three members appointed from among individuals from academic or other research institutions with ex- pertise in areas of research relating to the Arctic, in- cluding the physical, biological, health, environmental, social, and behavioral sciences; (2) one member appointed from among indigenous residents of the Arctic who are representative of the needs and interests of Arctic residents and who live in areas directly affected by Arctic resources develop- ment; and (3) one member appointed from individuals familiar with the Arctic and representative of the needs and in- terests of private industry undertaking resource devel- opment in the Arctic. The Director of the National Science Foundation shall serve as a nonvoting ex officio member of the Com- mission. The President shall designate a Chairperson from among the five voting members of the Commis- sion. (b) In making initial appointments to the Commis- sion, the President shall designate one member to serve for a term of two years, two members to serve for terms of three years, and two members to serve for terms of four years as provided by Section 103(c) of the Act [15 U.S.C. 4102(c)]. Upon the expiration of these ini- tial terms of office, the term of office of each member of the Commission shall be four years. (c) Each of the Federal agencies represented on the Interagency Committee established by Section 7 of this Order may designate a representative to participate as an observer with the Commission. These representa- tives shall report to and advise the Commission on the activities of their agencies relating to Arctic research. SEC. 3. Meetings of the Commission. The Commission shall meet at the call of the Chairman or a majority of its members. The Commission annually shall conduct at least one public meeting in the State of Alaska. SEC. 4. Functions of the Commission. (a) The Commis- sion shall: Page 2103 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 4101 (1) develop and recommend an integrated national Arctic research policy; (2) assist, in cooperation with the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee established by Section 7 of this Order, in establishing a national Arctic research program plan to implement the Arctic research policy; (3) facilitate cooperation between the Federal govern- ment and State and local governments with respect to Arctic research; (4) review Federal research programs in the Arctic and suggest improvements in coordination among pro- grams; (5) recommend methods to improve logistical plan- ning and support for Arctic research as may be appro- priate; (6) suggest methods for improving efficient sharing and dissemination of data and information on the Arc- tic among interested public and private institutions; (7) offer other recommendations and advice to the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee as it may find appropriate; and (8) cooperate with the Governor of the State of Alas- ka, and with agencies and organizations of that State which the Governor may designate, with respect to the formulation of Arctic research policy. (b) Not later than January 31 of each year, the Com- mission shall: (1) submit to the President and Congress a report de- scribing the activities and accomplishments of the Commission during the immediately preceding fiscal year; and (2) publish a statement of goals and objectives with respect to Arctic research to guide the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee in the performance of its duties. SEC. 5. Responsibilities of Federal Agencies. (a) The heads of Executive agencies shall, to the extent per- mitted by law, and in accordance with Section 105 of the Act [15 U.S.C. 4104], provide the Commission such information as it may require for purposes of carrying out its functions. (b) The heads of Executive agencies shall, upon reim- bursement to be agreed upon by the Commission and the agency head, permit the Commission to utilize their facilities and services to the extent that the fa- cilities and services are needed for the establishment and development of an Arctic research policy. The Commission shall take every feasible step to avoid du- plication of effort. (c) All Federal agencies shall consult with the Com- mission before undertaking major Federal actions re- lating to Arctic research. SEC. 6. Administration of the Commission. Members of the Commission who are otherwise employed for com- pensation shall serve without compensation for their work on the Commission, but may be allowed travel ex- penses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as au- thorized by law for persons serving intermittently in the government service. Members of the Commission who are not otherwise employed for compensation shall be compensated for each day the member is engaged in actual performance of duties as a member, not to ex- ceed 90 days of service each calendar year, at a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the rate for GS–16 of the General Schedule. SEC. 7. Establishment of Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee. There is established the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (the ‘‘Interagency Committee’’). The National Science Foundation shall serve as lead agency on the Interagency Committee and shall be responsible for implementing Arctic research policy. SEC. 8. Membership of the Interagency Committee. The Interagency Committee shall be composed of represent- atives of the following Federal agencies or their des- ignees: (a) National Science Foundation; (b) Department of Commerce; (c) Department of Defense; (d) Department of Energy; (e) Department of the Interior; (f) Department of State; (g) Department of Transportation; (h) Department of Health and Human Services; (i) Department of Homeland Security; (j) National Aeronautics and Space Administration; (k) Environmental Protection Agency; (l) Office of Science and Technology Policy; and (m) any other Executive agency that the Director of the National Science Foundation shall deem appro- priate. The Director of the National Science Founda- tion or his designee shall serve as Chairperson of the Interagency Committee. SEC. 9. Functions of the Interagency Committee. (a) The Interagency Committee shall: (1) survey Arctic research conducted by Federal, State, and local agencies, universities, and other public and private institutions to help determine priorities for future Arctic research, including natural resources and materials, physical and biological sciences, and social and behavioral sciences; (2) work with the Commission to develop and estab- lish an integrated national Arctic research policy that will guide Federal agencies in developing and imple- menting their research programs in the Arctic; (3) consult with the Commission on: (a) the development of the national Arctic research policy and the 5-year plan implementing the policy; (b) Arctic research programs of Federal agencies; (c) recommendations of the Commission on future Arctic research; and (d) guidelines for Federal agencies for awarding and administering Arctic research grants; (4) develop a 5-year plan to implement the national policy, as provided in section 109 of the Act [15 U.S.C. 4108]; (5) provide the necessary coordination, data, and as- sistance for the preparation of a single integrated, co- herent, and multi-agency budget request for Arctic re- search, as provided in section 110 of the Act [15 U.S.C. 4109]; (6) facilitate cooperation between the Federal govern- ment and State and local governments in Arctic re- search, and recommend the undertaking of neglected areas of research; (7) coordinate and promote cooperative Arctic sci- entific research programs with other nations, subject to the foreign policy guidance of the Secretary of State; (8) cooperate with the Governor of the State of Alas- ka in fulfilling its responsibilities under the Act; and (9) promote Federal interagency coordination of all Arctic research activities, including: (a) logistical planning and coordination; and (b) the sharing of data and information associated with Arctic research, subject to section 552 of title 5, United States Code. (b) Not later than January 31, 1986, and biennially thereafter, the Interagency Committee shall submit to the Congress through the President a report con- cerning: (1) its activities and accomplishments since its last report; and (2) the activities of the Commission, detailing with particularity the recommendations of the Commission with respect to Federal activities in Arctic research. SEC. 10. Public Participation. The Interagency Com- mittee will provide public notice of its meetings and an opportunity for the public to participate in the devel- opment and implementation of national Arctic re- search policy. SEC. 11. Administration of Interagency Committee. Each agency represented on the Committee shall, to the ex- tent permitted by law and subject to the availability of funds, provide the Committee with such administrative services, facilities, staff, and other support services as may be necessary for effective performance of its func- tions. EX. ORD. NO. 13689. ENHANCING COORDINATION OF NATIONAL EFFORTS IN THE ARCTIC Ex. Ord. No. 13689, Jan. 21, 2015, 80 F.R. 4191, provided: Page 2104 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 4101 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and to prepare the Nation for a changing Arc- tic and enhance coordination of national efforts in the Arctic, it is hereby ordered as follows: SECTION 1. Policy. The Arctic has critical long-term strategic, ecological, cultural, and economic value, and it is imperative that we continue to protect our na- tional interests in the region, which include: national defense; sovereign rights and responsibilities; maritime safety; energy and economic benefits; environmental stewardship; promotion of science and research; and preservation of the rights, freedoms, and uses of the sea as reflected in international law. Over the past 60 years, climate change has caused the Alaskan Arctic to warm twice as rapidly as the rest of the United States, and will continue to transform the Arctic as its consequences grow more severe. Over the past several decades, higher atmospheric temperatures have led to a steady and dramatic reduction in Arctic sea ice, widespread glacier retreat, increasing coastal erosion, more acidic oceans, earlier spring snowmelt, thawing permafrost, drier landscapes, and more exten- sive insect outbreaks and wildfires, thus changing the accessibility and natural features of this remote re- gion. As a global leader, the United States has the re- sponsibility to strengthen international cooperation to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change, understand more fully and manage more effec- tively the adverse effects of climate change, protect life and property, develop and manage resources re- sponsibly, enhance the quality of life of Arctic inhab- itants, and serve as stewards for valuable and vulner- able ecosystems. In doing so, we must rely on science- based decisionmaking and respect the value and utility of the traditional knowledge of Alaska Native peoples. As the United States assumes the Chairmanship of the Arctic Council, it is more important than ever that we have a coordinated national effort that takes advan- tage of our combined expertise and efforts in the Arctic region to promote our shared values and priorities. As the Arctic has changed, the number of Federal working groups created to address the growing stra- tegic importance and accessibility of this critical re- gion has increased. Although these groups have made significant progress and achieved important mile- stones, managing the broad range of interagency activ- ity in the Arctic requires coordinated planning by the Federal Government, with input by partners and stake- holders, to facilitate Federal, State, local, and Alaska Native tribal government and similar Alaska Native organization, as well as private and nonprofit sector, efforts in the Arctic. SEC. 2. Arctic Executive Steering Committee. (a) Estab- lishment. There is established an Arctic Executive Steering Committee (Steering Committee), which shall provide guidance to executive departments and agen- cies (agencies) and enhance coordination of Federal Arctic policies across agencies and offices, and, where applicable, with State, local, and Alaska Native tribal governments and similar Alaska Native organizations, academic and research institutions, and the private and nonprofit sectors. (b) Membership. The Steering Committee shall consist of: (i) the heads, or their designees, of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Council on Envi- ronmental Quality, the Domestic Policy Council, and the National Security Council; (ii) the Executive Officer of the Steering Committee, who shall be designated by the Chair of the Steering Committee (Chair); and (iii) the Deputy Secretary or equivalent officer from the Departments of State, Defense, Justice, the Inte- rior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, Transportation, Energy, and Homeland Secu- rity; the Office of the Director of National Intelligence; the Environmental Protection Agency; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the National Science Foundation; the Arctic Research Commission; and the Office of Management and Budget; the Assist- ant to the President for Public Engagement and Inter- governmental Affairs, or his or her designee; and other agencies or offices as determined appropriate by the Chair. (c) Administration. (i) The Director of the Office of Science and Tech- nology Policy, or his or her designee, shall be the Chair of the Executive Steering Committee. The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, or his or her designee, shall be the Vice Chair. Under the leader- ship of the Chair, the Steering Committee will meet quarterly, or as appropriate, to shape priorities, estab- lish strategic direction, oversee implementation, and ensure coordination of Federal activities in the Arctic. (ii) The Steering Committee shall coordinate with ex- isting working groups established by Executive Order or statute. (iii) As appropriate, the Chair of the Steering Com- mittee may establish subcommittees and working groups, consisting of representatives from relevant agencies, to focus on specific key issues and assist in carrying out its responsibilities. (iv) Agencies shall provide administrative support and additional resources, as appropriate, to support their participation in the Steering Committee to the extent permitted by law and within existing appropria- tions. Each agency shall bear its own expenses for sup- porting its participation in the Steering Committee and associated working groups. (v) Each member of the Steering Committee shall provide the Executive Officer with a single point of contact for coordinating efforts with interagency part- ners, collaborating with State, local, and Alaska Na- tive tribal governments and similar Alaska Native or- ganizations, and assisting in carrying out the functions and duties assigned by the Steering Committee. SEC. 3. Responsibilities of the Arctic Executive Steering Committee. The Steering Committee, in coordination with the heads of relevant agencies and under the di- rection of the Chair, shall: (a) provide guidance and coordinate efforts to imple- ment the priorities, objectives, activities, and respon- sibilities identified in National Security Presidential Directive 66/Homeland Security Presidential Directive 25, Arctic Region Policy, the National Strategy for the Arctic Region and its Implementation Plan, and re- lated agency plans; (b) provide guidance on prioritizing Federal activi- ties, consistent with agency authorities, while the United States is Chair of the Arctic Council, including, where appropriate, recommendations for resources to use in carrying out those activities; and (c) establish a working group to provide a report to the Steering Committee by May 1, 2015, that: (i) identifies potential areas of overlap between and within agencies with respect to implementation of Arc- tic policy and strategic priorities and provides rec- ommendations to increase coordination and reduce any duplication of effort, which may include ways to in- crease the effectiveness of existing groups; and (ii) provides recommendations to address any poten- tial gaps in implementation. SEC. 4. Duties of the Executive Officer. The Executive Officer shall be responsible for facilitating interagency coordination efforts related to implementing the guid- ance and strategic priorities developed by the Steering Committee. The Executive Officer shall coordinate with the Chair and the Special Advisor on Arctic Science and Policy at the Department of State to pro- vide regular reports to the Steering Committee on agency implementation and planning efforts for the Arctic region. SEC. 5. Engagement with the State of Alaska, Alaska Na- tive Tribal Governments, as well as other United States Stakeholders. It is in the best interest of the Nation for the Federal Government to maximize transparency and promote collaboration where possible with the State of Alaska, Alaska Native tribal governments and similar Alaska Native organizations, and local, private-sector, Page 2105 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 4101 and nonprofit-sector stakeholders. To facilitate con- sultation and partnerships with the State of Alaska and Alaska Native tribal governments and similar Alaska Native organizations, the Steering Committee shall: (a) develop a process to improve coordination and the sharing of information and knowledge among Federal, State, local, and Alaska Native tribal governments and similar Alaska Native organizations, and private-sector and nonprofit-sector groups on Arctic issues; (b) establish a process to ensure tribal consultation and collaboration, consistent with my memorandum of November 5, 2009 (Tribal Consultation). This process shall ensure meaningful consultation and collaboration with Alaska Native tribal governments and similar Alaska Native organizations in the development of Federal policies that have Alaska Native implications, as applicable, and provide feedback and recommenda- tions to the Steering Committee; (c) identify an appropriate Federal entity to be the point of contact for Arctic matters with the State of Alaska and with Alaska Native tribal governments and similar Alaska Native organizations to support collabo- ration and communication; and (d) invite members of State, local, and Alaska Native tribal governments and similar Alaska Native organi- zations, and academic and research institutions to con- sult on issues or participate in discussions, as appro- priate and consistent with applicable law. SEC. 6. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect: (i) the authority granted by law to an executive de- partment, agency, or the head thereof; or (ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Man- agement and Budget relating to budgetary, administra- tive, or legislative proposals. (b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appro- priations. (c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforce- able at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. BARACK OBAMA. EX. ORD. NO. 13754. NORTHERN BERING SEA CLIMATE RESILIENCE Ex. Ord. No. 13754, Dec. 9, 2016, 81 F.R. 90669, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13795, § 4(c), Apr. 28, 2017, 82 F.R. 20816, reinstated by Ex. Ord. No. 13990, § 4(b), Jan. 20, 2021, 86 F.R. 7039, provided: By the authority vested in me as the President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, 43 U.S.C. 1331 et seq., it is hereby ordered as fol- lows: SECTION 1. Purpose. As recognized in Executive Order 13689 of January 21, 2015, (Enhancing Coordination of National Efforts in the Arctic) [set out above], Arctic environmental stewardship is in the national interest. In furtherance of this principle, and as articulated in the March 10, 2016, U.S.-Canada Joint Statement on Cli- mate, Energy, and Arctic Leadership, the United States has resolved to confront the challenges of a changing Arctic by working to conserve Arctic biodiversity; sup- port and engage Alaska Native tribes; incorporate tra- ditional knowledge into decisionmaking; and build a sustainable Arctic economy that relies on the highest safety and environmental standards, including adher- ence to national climate goals. The United States is committed to achieving these goals in partnership with indigenous communities and through science-based de- cisionmaking. This order carries forth that vision in the northern Bering Sea region. The Bering Sea and Bering Strait are home to numer- ous subsistence communities, rich indigenous cultures, and unique marine ecosystems, each of which plays an important role in maintaining regional resilience. The changing climate and rising average temperatures are reducing the occurrence of sea ice; changing the condi- tions for fishing, hunting, and subsistence whaling; and opening new navigable routes to increased ship traffic. The preservation of a healthy and resilient Bering eco- system, including its migratory pathways, habitat, and breeding grounds, is essential for the survival of marine mammals, fish, seabirds, other wildlife, and the sub- sistence communities that depend on them. These com- munities possess a unique understanding of the Arctic ecosystem, and their traditional knowledge should serve as an important resource to inform Federal deci- sionmaking. SEC. 2. Policy. It shall be the policy of the United States to enhance the resilience of the northern Bering Sea region by conserving the region’s ecosystem, in- cluding those natural resources that provide important cultural and subsistence value and services to the peo- ple of the region. For the purpose of carrying out the specific directives provided herein, this order delin- eates an area hereafter referred to as the ‘‘Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area,’’ in which the ex- ercise of relevant authorities shall be coordinated among all executive departments and agencies (agen- cies). All agencies charged with regulating, overseeing, or conducting activities in the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area shall do so with attention to the rights, needs, and knowledge of Alaska Native tribes; the delicate and unique ecosystem; the protec- tion of marine mammals, fish, seabirds, and other wild- life; and with appropriate coordination with the State of Alaska. The boundary of the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area includes waters within the U.S. Exclu- sive Economic Zone bounded to the north by the sea- ward boundary of the Bering Straits Native Corpora- tion established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act; to the south by the southern bound- aries of the Northern Bering Sea Research Area, the St. Matthew Habitat Conservation Area, and the Nunivak- Kuskokwim Habitat Conservation Area; and to the west by the maritime boundary delimited by the Agree- ment Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed at Washington, June 1, 1990. SEC. 3. Withdrawal. Under the authority granted to me in section 12(a) of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, 43 U.S.C. 1341(a), I hereby withdraw from disposition by leasing for a time period without specific expiration the following areas of the Outer Continental Shelf: (1) the area currently designated by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management as the Norton Basin Planning Area; and (2) the Outer Continental Shelf lease blocks within the Bureau of Ocean Energy Man- agement’s St. Matthew-Hall Planning Area lying with- in 25 nautical miles of St. Lawrence Island. The bound- aries of the withdrawn areas are more specifically de- lineated in the attached map and, with respect to the St. Matthew-Hall Planning Area, the accompanying table of withdrawn Outer Continental Shelf lease blocks. Both the map and table form a part of this order, with the table governing the withdrawal and withdrawal boundaries within the St. Matthew-Hall Planning Area. This withdrawal prevents consideration of these areas for future oil or gas leasing for purposes of exploration, development, or production. This with- drawal furthers the principles of responsible public stewardship entrusted to this office and takes due con- sideration of the importance of the withdrawn area to Alaska Native tribes, wildlife, and wildlife habitat, and the need for regional resiliency in the face of climate change. Nothing in this withdrawal affects rights under existing leases in the withdrawn areas. SEC. 4. Task Force on the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area. (a) There is established a Task Force on the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area (Ber- ing Task Force), under the Arctic Executive Steering Committee (AESC) established in Executive Order 13689, to be co-chaired by an office of the Department of the Interior, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the U.S. Coast Guard. Page 2106 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 4101 (b) The membership of the Bering Task Force (mem- ber agencies) shall include, in addition to the Co- Chairs, designated senior-level representatives from: (i) the Department of State; (ii) the Department of Defense; (iii) the Department of Transportation; (iv) the Environmental Protection Agency; (v) the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; (vi) the U.S. Arctic Research Commission; (vii) the National Science Foundation; and (viii) such agencies and offices as the Co-Chairs may designate. (c) Consistent with the authorities and responsibil- ities of its member agencies, the Bering Task Force, with the purpose of advancing the United States policy in the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area as set forth in section 2 of this order, shall: (i) Establish and provide regular opportunities to consult with the Bering Intergovernmental Tribal Ad- visory Council as described in section 5 of this order; (ii) Coordinate activities of member agencies, includ- ing regulatory, policy, and research activities, affect- ing the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area and its value for subsistence and cultural purposes; (iii) Consider the need for additional actions or strat- egies to advance the policies established in section 2 of this order and provide recommendations as appropriate to the President through the AESC; (iv) Consider and make recommendations with re- spect to the impacts of shipping on the Northern Ber- ing Sea Climate Resilience Area including those de- scribed in sections 7 and 8 of this order; and (v) In developing and implementing recommenda- tions, coordinate or consult as appropriate with exist- ing AESC working groups, the State of Alaska, re- gional and local governments, Alaska Native tribal governments, Alaska Native corporations and organiza- tions, the private sector, other relevant organizations, and academia. SEC. 5. The Bering Intergovernmental Tribal Advisory Council. (a) The Bering Task Force, within 6 months of the date of this order [Dec. 9, 2016], and after consid- ering recommendations from Alaska Native tribal gov- ernments, shall, in accordance with existing law, estab- lish a Bering Intergovernmental Tribal Advisory Coun- cil, for the purpose of providing input to the Bering Task Force and facilitating effective consultation with Alaska Native tribal governments. (b) The Bering Intergovernmental Tribal Advisory Council shall be charged with providing input and rec- ommendations on activities, regulations, guidance, or policy that may affect actions or conditions in the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area, with at- tention given to climate resilience; the rights, needs, and knowledge of Alaska Native tribes; the delicate and unique ecosystem; and the protection of marine mam- mals and other wildlife. (c) The Bering Intergovernmental Tribal Advisory Council should include between 9 and 11 elected offi- cials or their designees representing Alaska Native tribal governments with a breadth of interests in the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area, and may include such additional Federal officials and State and local government elected officials as the Bering Task Force deems appropriate. The Bering Intergovern- mental Tribal Advisory Council will adopt such proce- dures as it deems necessary to govern its activities. SEC. 6. Traditional Knowledge in Decisionmaking. It shall be the policy of the United States to recognize and value the participation of Alaska Native tribal gov- ernments in decisions affecting the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area and for all agencies to consider traditional knowledge in decisions affecting the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area. Spe- cifically, all agencies shall consider applicable informa- tion from the Bering Intergovernmental Tribal Advi- sory Council in the exercise of existing agency authori- ties. Such input may be received through existing agen- cy procedures and consultation processes. SEC. 7. Pollution from Vessels. The Bering Task Force, within 9 months of the date of this order and after co- ordination as needed with existing working groups within the AESC, shall provide the AESC with rec- ommendations on: (a) Actions to ensure or support implementation of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters, as adopted by the International Maritime Or- ganization, especially with respect to limitations on discharges from vessels in the Northern Bering Sea Cli- mate Resilience Area; and (b) Any additional measures necessary to achieve the policies established in section 2 of this order, such as the potential identification of zero-discharge zones, as- sessments of the pollution risks posed by increased ves- sel traffic, or noise reduction measures associated with sensitive ecological and cultural areas within the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area. SEC. 8. Shipping Routing Measures. (a) In recognition of the United States commitment to reduce the impact of shipping within the Bering Sea and the Bering Strait and the many environmental factors in the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area that inform the best routes for navigation, safety, and the marine envi- ronment, the U.S. Coast Guard should conclude its on- going port access route study for the Chukchi Sea, Ber- ing Strait, and Bering Sea (Bering Sea PARS) pursuant to the Ports and Waterways Safety Act, 33 U.S.C. 1221 et seq. (b) In designation of routes and any areas to be avoid- ed, and consistent with existing authorities, consider- ation should be given to the Northern Bering Sea Cli- mate Resilience Area, including the effects of shipping and vessel pollution on the marine environment, fish- ery resources, the seabed and subsoil of the Outer Con- tinental Shelf, marine mammal migratory pathways and other biologically important areas, and subsistence whaling, hunting, and fishing. (c) In recognition of the value of participation of Alaska Native tribal governments in decisions affect- ing the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area, the U.S. Coast Guard should consider traditional knowledge, including with respect to marine mammal, waterfowl, and seabird migratory pathways and feeding and breeding grounds, in the development of the Bering Sea PARS, establishment of routing measures and any areas to be avoided, and subsequent rulemaking and management decisions. (d) No later than December 30, 2016, the U.S. Coast Guard shall publish preliminary findings for the Bering Sea PARS in the Federal Register, including information related to its status, potential routing measures, and its projected schedule. The U.S. Coast Guard should also consider using this opportunity to provide notice of any new information or proposed measures resulting from its ongoing consultation process. (e) Upon completion of the Bering Sea PARS, the U.S. Coast Guard shall promptly issue a notice of pro- posed rulemaking for any designation contemplated on the basis of the study. The U.S. Coast Guard shall co- ordinate as appropriate with the Department of State and other coastal nations and submit any proposed routing measures to the International Maritime Orga- nization by 2018 for the purpose of their adoption and implementation. SEC. 9. Oil Spill Preparedness. The U.S. Coast Guard, in coordination with all relevant agencies and the State of Alaska, shall update the Area Contingency plans, the Subarea Response Plans, and the Geographic Response Strategies relevant to the Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area. These plans and strategies shall be consistent with the National Contingency Plan, and shall include appropriate measures to improve local re- sponse capacity and preparedness such as spill response training opportunities for local communities, including Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response training for Village Public Safety Officers and other first responders. SEC. 10. Continuity of Existing Habitat Protection. The area included in the Northern Bering Sea Climate Re- silience Area is currently closed to commercial non-pe- lagic trawl gear under rules implementing the Fishery Page 2107 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 4103 Management Plans of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Is- lands Management Area and the Arctic Management Area. Consistent with existing law, the National Oce- anic and Atmospheric Administration, in coordination with the North Pacific Fishery Management Council, shall take such actions as are necessary to support the policy set forth in section 2 of this order, including ac- tions to maintain the existing prohibitions on the use of commercial non-pelagic trawl gear. SEC. 11. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect: (1) the authority granted by law to a department, agency, or the head thereof; or (2) the functions of the Director of the Office of Man- agement and Budget relating to budgetary, administra- tive, or legislative proposals. (b) This order shall be implemented consistently with applicable law and subject to the availability of appro- priations. (c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforce- able at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. (d) The policies set forth in this order are consistent with existing U.S. obligations under international law and nothing in this order shall be construed to derogate from obligations under applicable international law. [BARACK OBAMA.] § 4102. Arctic Research Commission (a) Establishment The President shall establish an Arctic Re- search Commission (hereafter referred to as the ‘‘Commission’’). (b) Membership (1) The Commission shall be composed of seven members appointed by the President, with the Director of the National Science Foundation serving as a nonvoting, ex officio member. The members appointed by the President shall in- clude— (A) four members appointed from among in- dividuals from academic or other research in- stitutions with expertise in areas of research relating to the Arctic, including the physical, biological, health, environmental, social, and behavioral sciences; (B) one member appointed from among in- digenous residents of the Arctic who are rep- resentative of the needs and interests of Arc- tic residents and who live in areas directly af- fected by Arctic resource development; and (C) two members appointed from among in- dividuals familiar with the Arctic and rep- resentative of the needs and interests of pri- vate industry undertaking resource develop- ment in the Arctic. (2) The President shall designate one of the ap- pointed members of the Commission to be chair- person of the Commission. (c) Terms of office; vacancies; hold-over status (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the term of office of each member of the Commission appointed under subsection (b)(1) shall be four years. (2) Of the members of the Commission origi- nally appointed under subsection (b)(1)— (A) one shall be appointed for a term of two years; (B) two shall be appointed for a term of three years; and (C) two shall be appointed for a term of four years. (3) Any vacancy occurring in the membership of the Commission shall be filled, after notice of the vacancy is published in the Federal Reg- ister, in the manner provided by the preceding provisions of this section, for the remainder of the unexpired term. (4) A member may serve after the expiration of the member’s term of office until the President appoints a successor. (5) A member may serve consecutive terms be- yond the member’s original appointment. (d) Compensation and travel expenses; Federal employee status; meetings; observer-des- ignees (1) Members of the Commission may be al- lowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5. A member of the Commission not pres- ently employed for compensation shall be com- pensated at a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the rate for GS–18 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5 for each day the member is engaged in the actual performance of his duties as a member of the Commission, not to exceed 90 days of service each year. Except for the purposes of chapter 81 of title 5 (relating to compensation for work injuries) and chapter 171 of title 28 (relating to tort claims), a member of the Commission shall not be considered an employee of the United States for any purpose. (2) The Commission shall meet at the call of its Chairman or a majority of its members. (3) Each Federal agency referred to in section 4106(b) of this title may designate a representa- tive to participate as an observer with the Com- mission. These representatives shall report to and advise the Commission on the activities re- lating to Arctic research of their agencies. (4) The Commission shall conduct at least one public meeting in the State of Alaska annually. (Pub. L. 98–373, title I, § 103, July 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 1243; Pub. L. 101–609, §§ 2, 3, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3125.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1990—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 101–609, § 2, in introduc- tory provisions, substituted ‘‘seven’’ for ‘‘five’’, in sub- par. (A), substituted ‘‘four’’ for ‘‘three’’, and in subpar. (C), substituted ‘‘two members’’ for ‘‘one member’’. Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 101–609, § 3, substituted ‘‘GS–18’’ for ‘‘GS–16’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries REFERENCES IN OTHER LAWS TO GS–16, 17, OR 18 PAY RATES References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organi- zation and Employees, see section 529 [title I, § 101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376 of Title 5. § 4103. Duties of Commission; publication of guidelines; report to Congress (a) The Commission shall—