20 U.S.C. § 1155 — Connie Lee privatization

Page 829 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 1155 private partnership between a State or local public en- tity and a private entity for the support of the facility, which private entity shall provide matching funds for the support of the facility in an amount equal to 4 times the amount of the contribution of the State or local public entity, except that not more than 20 per- cent of the matching funds may be provided by the Fed- eral Government;’’. Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 110–315, § 933(2)(B), inserted ‘‘and maintain’’ after ‘‘establish’’ in two places and ‘‘including the lessons to be drawn from the history of the Underground Railroad,’’ after ‘‘United States,’’. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 110–315, § 933(2)(C), inserted ‘‘and maintain’’ after ‘‘establish’’ and ‘‘, including the lessons to be drawn from such history’’ after ‘‘Under- ground Railroad’’. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–315, § 933(3), substituted ‘‘$3,000,000 for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five suc- ceeding fiscal years’’ for ‘‘this section $6,000,000 for fis- cal year 1999, $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2000, $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2001, $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2002, and $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2003’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2009 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title. § 1154. Contract authority The authorization to enter into contracts or other obligations under the Act, as amended by this Act, shall be effective for fiscal year 1981 and any succeeding fiscal year only to the ex- tent or in such amounts as are provided in ad- vance in appropriation Acts. (Pub. L. 96–374, title XIII, § 1392, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1504.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The Act, as amended by this Act, referred to in text, means the Higher Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, as amended by the Education Amendments of 1980, Pub. L. 96–374, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1367, which is classified generally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables. CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 1146 of this title. Section was enacted as part of the Education Amend- ments of 1980, and not as part of the Higher Education Act of 1965 which comprises this chapter. Section was enacted as part of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986, and not as part of the Higher Edu- cation Act of 1965 which comprises this chapter. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE Section effective Oct. 1, 1980, see section 1393(a) of Pub. L. 96–374, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title. CONTRACTING AUTHORITY SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATIONS Pub. L. 99–498, § 3, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1278, provided that: ‘‘The authority to enter into contracts or other obligations under this Act (other than amendments made to part B of title IV of the Act) [see Tables for classification] shall be effective for any fiscal year only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriation Acts.’’ § 1155. Connie Lee privatization (a) Status of Corporation and corporate powers; obligations not federally guaranteed (1) Status of the Corporation The Corporation shall not be an agency, in- strumentality, or establishment of the United States Government, nor a Government cor- poration, nor a Government controlled cor- poration, as such terms are defined in section 103 of title 5. No action under section 1491 of title 28 (commonly known as the Tucker Act) shall be allowable against the United States based on the actions of the Corporation. (2) Corporate powers The Corporation shall be subject to the pro- visions of this section, and, to the extent not inconsistent with this section, to the District of Columbia Business Corporation Act (or the comparable law of another State, if applica- ble). The Corporation shall have the powers conferred upon a corporation by the District of Columbia Business Corporation Act (or such other applicable State law) as from time to time in effect in order to conduct the Corpora- tion’s affairs as a private, for-profit corpora- tion and to carry out the Corporation’s pur- poses and activities incidental thereto. The Corporation shall have the power to enter into contracts, to execute instruments, to incur li- abilities, to provide products and services, and to do all things as are necessary or incidental to the proper management of the Corpora- tion’s affairs and the efficient operation of a private, for-profit business. (3) Limitation on ownership of stock (A) Student Loan Marketing Association The Student Loan Marketing Association shall not increase its share of the ownership of the Corporation in excess of 42 percent of the shares of stock of the Corporation out- standing on September 30, 1996. The Student Loan Marketing Association shall not con- trol the operation of the Corporation, except that the Student Loan Marketing Associa- tion may participate in the election of direc- tors as a shareholder, and may continue to exercise the Student Loan Marketing Asso- ciation’s right to appoint directors under section 1132f–3 of this title as long as that section is in effect. (B) Prohibition Until such time as the Secretary of the Treasury sells the stock of the Corporation owned by the Secretary of Education pursu- ant to subsection (c), the Student Loan Mar- keting Association shall not provide finan- cial support or guarantees to the Corpora- tion. (C) Financial support or guarantees After the Secretary of the Treasury sells the stock of the Corporation owned by the Secretary of Education pursuant to sub- section (c), the Student Loan Marketing As- sociation may provide financial support or Page 830 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 1155 1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘section.’’ guarantees to the Corporation, if such sup- port or guarantees are subject to terms and conditions that are no more advantageous to the Corporation than the terms and condi- tions the Student Loan Marketing Associa- tion provides to other entities, including, where applicable, other monoline financial guaranty corporations in which the Student Loan Marketing Association has no owner- ship interest. (4) No Federal guarantee (A) Obligations insured by the Corporation (i) Full faith and credit of the United States No obligation that is insured, guaran- teed, or otherwise backed by the Corpora- tion shall be deemed to be an obligation that is guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the United States. (ii) Student Loan Marketing Association No obligation that is insured, guaran- teed, or otherwise backed by the Corpora- tion shall be deemed to be an obligation that is guaranteed by the Student Loan Marketing Association. (iii) Special rule This paragraph shall not affect the de- termination of whether such obligation is guaranteed for purposes of Federal income taxes. (B) Securities offered by the Corporation No debt or equity securities of the Cor- poration shall be deemed to be guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the United States. (5) ‘‘Corporation’’ defined The term ‘‘Corporation’’ as used in this sec- tion means the College Construction Loan In- surance Association as in existence on the day before September 30, 1996, and any successor corporation. (b) Related privatization requirements (1) Notice requirements (A) In general During the six-year period following Sep- tember 30, 1996, the Corporation shall in- clude, in each of the Corporation’s contracts for the insurance, guarantee, or reinsurance of obligations, and in each document offer- ing debt or equity securities of the Corpora- tion, a prominent statement providing no- tice that— (i) such obligations or such securities, as the case may be, are not obligations of the United States, nor are such obligations or such securities, as the case may be, guar- anteed in any way by the full faith and credit of the United States; and (ii) the Corporation is not an instrumen- tality of the United States. (B) Additional notice During the five-year period following the sale of stock pursuant to subsection (c)(1), in addition to the notice requirements in sub- paragraph (A), the Corporation shall include, in each of the contracts and documents re- ferred to in such subparagraph, a prominent statement providing notice that the United States is not an investor in the Corporation. (2) Corporate charter The Corporation’s charter shall be amended as necessary and without delay to conform to the requirements of this section. (3) Corporate name The name of the Corporation, or of any di- rect or indirect subsidiary thereof, may not contain the term ‘‘College Construction Loan Insurance Association’’, or any substantially similar variation thereof. (4) Articles of incorporation The Corporation shall amend the Corpora- tion’s articles of incorporation without delay to reflect that one of the purposes of the Cor- poration shall be to guarantee, insure, and re- insure bonds, leases, and other evidences of debt of educational institutions, including Historically Black Colleges and Universities and other academic institutions which are ranked in the lower investment grade cat- egory using a nationally recognized credit rat- ing system. (5) Requirements until stock sale Notwithstanding subsection (d), the require- ments of sections 1132f–3 and 1132f–9 of this title, as such sections were in effect on the day before September 30, 1996, shall continue to be effective until the day immediately following the date of closing of the purchase of the Sec- retary of Education’s stock (or the date of closing of the final purchase, in the case of multiple transactions) pursuant to subsection (c)(1) of this Act.1 (c) Sale of federally owned stock (1) Purchase by the Corporation The Secretary of the Treasury shall sell and the Corporation shall purchase, within 90 days after September 30, 1996, the stock of the Cor- poration held by the Secretary of Education at a price determined by the binding, inde- pendent appraisal of a nationally recognized financial firm, except that the 90-day period may be extended by mutual agreement of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Corporation to not more than 150 days after September 30, 1996. The appraiser shall be jointly selected by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Cor- poration. In the event that the Secretary of the Treasury and the Corporation cannot agree on the appraiser, then the Secretary of the Treasury and the Corporation shall name an independent third party to select the ap- praiser. (2) Reimbursement of costs and expenses of sale The Secretary of the Treasury shall be reim- bursed from the proceeds of the sale of the stock under this subsection for all reasonable costs and expenses related to such sale, except that one-half of all reasonable costs and ex- penses relating to the independent appraisal Page 831 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 1155 under paragraph (1) shall be borne by the Cor- poration. (3) Deposit into account Amounts collected from the sale of stock pursuant to this subsection that are not used to reimburse the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to paragraph (2) shall be deposited into the account established under subsection (e). (4) Assistance by the Corporation The Corporation shall provide such assist- ance as the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Education may require to facili- tate the sale of the stock under this sub- section. (5) Report to Congress Not later than 6 months after September 30, 1996, the Secretary of the Treasury shall re- port to the appropriate committees of Con- gress on the completion and terms of the sale of stock of the Corporation pursuant to this subsection. (d) Omitted (e) Establishment of account (1) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the District of Columbia Financial Responsi- bility and Management Assistance Authority shall establish an account to receive— (A) amounts collected from the sale and proceeds resulting from the exercise of stock warrants pursuant to section 1087–3(c)(9) of this title; (B) amounts and proceeds remitted as compensation for the right to assign the ‘‘Sallie Mae’’ name as a trademark or serv- ice mark pursuant to section 1087–3(e)(3) of this title; and (C) amounts and proceeds collected from the sale of the stock of the Corporation and deposited pursuant to subsection (c)(3). (2) Amounts and proceeds (A) Amounts and proceeds relating to Sallie Mae The amounts and proceeds described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) shall be used to finance public elementary and secondary school facility construction and repair within the District of Columbia or to carry out the District of Columbia School Reform Act of 1995. (B) Amounts and proceeds relating to Connie Lee The amounts and proceeds described in subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1) shall be used to finance public and public charter ele- mentary and secondary school facility con- struction and repair within the District of Columbia. Of such amounts and proceeds, $5,000,000 shall be set aside for a credit en- hancement revolving fund for public charter schools in the District of Columbia, to be ad- ministered and disbursed in accordance with paragraph (3). (3) Credit enhancement revolving fund for public charter schools (A) Distribution of amounts Of the amounts in the credit enhancement revolving fund established under paragraph (2)(B)— (i) 50 percent shall be used to make grants under subparagraph (B); and (ii) 50 percent shall be used to make grants under subparagraph (C). (B) Grants to eligible nonprofit corporations (i) In general Using the amounts described in subpara- graph (A)(i), the Mayor of the District of Columbia shall make and disburse grants to eligible nonprofit corporations to carry out the purposes described in subparagraph (E). (ii) Administration Subject to subparagraph (F), the Mayor shall administer the program of grants under this subparagraph, except that if the committee described in subparagraph (C)(iii) is in operation and is fully func- tional prior to the date the Mayor makes the grants, the Mayor may delegate the administration of the program to the com- mittee. (C) Other grants (i) In general Using the amounts described in subpara- graph (A)(ii), the Mayor of the District of Columbia shall make grants to entities to carry out the purposes described in sub- paragraph (E). (ii) Participation of schools A public charter school in the District of Columbia may receive a grant under this subparagraph to carry out the purposes de- scribed in subparagraph (E) in the same manner as other entities receiving grants to carry out such activities. (iii) Administration through committee Subject to subparagraph (F), the Mayor shall carry out this subparagraph through the committee appointed by the Mayor under the second sentence of paragraph (2)(B) (as in effect prior to November 22, 2000). The committee may enter into an agreement with a third party to carry out its responsibilities under this subpara- graph. (iv) Cap on administrative costs Not more than 5 percent of the funds available for grants under this subpara- graph for a fiscal year may be used to cover the administrative costs of making grants under this subparagraph for the fis- cal year. (D) Special rule regarding eligibility of non- profit corporations In order to be eligible to receive a grant under this paragraph, a nonprofit corpora- tion must provide appropriate certification to the Mayor or to the committee described Page 832 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 1155 in subparagraph (C)(iii) (as the case may be) that it is duly authorized by two or more public charter schools in the District of Co- lumbia to act on their behalf in obtaining fi- nancing (or in assisting them in obtaining fi- nancing) to cover the costs of activities de- scribed in subparagraph (E)(i). (E) Purposes of grants (i) In general The recipient of a grant under this para- graph shall use the funds provided under the grant to carry out activities to assist public charter schools in the District of Columbia in— (I) obtaining financing to acquire in- terests in real property (including by purchase, lease, or donation), including financing to cover planning, develop- ment, and other incidental costs; (II) obtaining financing for construc- tion of facilities or the renovation, re- pair, or alteration of existing property or facilities (including the purchase or re- placement of fixtures and equipment), including financing to cover planning, development, and other incidental costs; (III) enhancing the availability of loans (including mortgages) and bonds; and (IV) obtaining lease guarantees (in ac- cordance with regulations promulgated by the Office of Public Charter School Financing). (ii) No direct funding for schools Funds provided under a grant under this subparagraph may not be used by a recipi- ent to make direct loans or grants to pub- lic charter schools. (F) Role of Office of Public Charter School Financing and Support During fiscal year 2003 and each suc- ceeding fiscal year, the Office of Public Charter School Financing and Support shall be responsible for receiving applications, making payments, and otherwise admin- istering this paragraph, except that no grant may be made under this paragraph without the approval of the committee described in subparagraph (C)(iii). (Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(e) [title VI, § 603], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–290; Pub. L. 106–113, div. A, title I, § 153, Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1526; Pub. L. 106–522, § 161, Nov. 22, 2000, 114 Stat. 2483; Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(1) [§ 161], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–45; Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(4) [div. A, § 406(a)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–189; Pub. L. 107–96, Dec. 21, 2001, 115 Stat. 936; Pub. L. 108–7, div. C, title III, § 143(c), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 131; Pub. L. 108–199, div. C, title IV, § 434, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 141; Pub. L. 108–335, title III, § 340(a), Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1348; Pub. L. 108–447, div. J, title I, § 103(a)(2), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3341.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The District of Columbia Business Corporation Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is act June 8, 1954, ch. 269, 68 Stat. 179, which is not classified to the Code. Sections 1132f–3 and 1132f–9 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (a)(3)(A) and (b)(5), were repealed by subsec. (d) of this section. The District of Columbia School Reform Act of 1995, referred to in subsec. (e)(2)(A), is Pub. L. 104–134, title I, § 101(b) [title II], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–77, 1321–107, which amended former sections 6322, 6364, and 6365 of this title and enacted provisions set out as a note under former section 6322 of this title. For com- plete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 1132f–10 of this title. Section enacted as part of the Student Loan Mar- keting Association Reorganization Act of 1996, and not as part of the Higher Education Act of 1965 which com- prises this chapter. Section is comprised of section 101(e) [title VI, § 603] of div. A of Pub. L. 104–208. Subsec. (d) of section 603 of title VI of section 101(e) of Pub. L. 104–208, repealed sec- tions 1132f to 1132f–9 of this title. AMENDMENTS 2004—Subsec. (e)(3)(C)(iv). Pub. L. 108–199 inserted ‘‘for a fiscal year’’ after ‘‘this subparagraph’’ and ‘‘for the fiscal year’’ before period at end. Subsec. (e)(3)(E)(i)(IV). Pub. L. 108–335, § 340, as amended by Pub. L. 108–447, which directed the amend- ment of subsec. (e)(3)(E) by adding subcl. (IV) at the end, was executed by adding subcl. (IV) at the end of cl. (i), to reflect the probable intent of Congress. 2003—Subsec. (e)(3)(B)(ii), (C)(iii). Pub. L. 108–7, § 143(c)(1), substituted ‘‘Subject to subparagraph (F), the Mayor’’ for ‘‘The Mayor’’. Subsec. (e)(3)(F). Pub. L. 108–7, § 143(c)(2), added sub- par. (F). 2001—Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 107–96, par. (2), which directed amendment of section 161 of Pub. L. 106–522, by inserting ‘‘revolving’’ after ‘‘enhancement’’ in second sentence of par. (2)(B), was executed by revising the amendment by Pub. L. 106–522, § 161(1), which had amended the second sentence of subsec. (e)(2)(B) of this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See 2000 Amendment note below. Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 107–96, pars. (1), (3), amended Pub. L. 106–522, § 161(2). See 2000 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 107–96, par. (2), which directed amendment of section 161 of Pub. L. 106–522, by inserting ‘‘revolving’’ after ‘‘enhancement’’ in heading of par. (3) and in par. (3)(A), was executed by revising the amendment by Pub. L. 106–522, § 161(2), which had added subsec. (e)(3) to this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See 2000 Amendment note below. Subsec. (e)(3)(C)(iv). Pub. L. 107–96, proviso, which di- rected amendment of the cap on administrative costs as amended by Pub. L. 106–522, § 161, by substituting ‘‘5 percent’’ for ‘‘10 percent’’, could not be executed be- cause the words ‘‘10 percent’’ did not appear in this sec- tion after the amendment of Pub. L. 106–522, § 161(2), by Pub. L. 107–96, par. (3). See 2000 Amendment note below. 2000—Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(1) [§ 161(1)], which directed amendment identical to amendment by Pub. L. 106–522, § 161(1), below, was re- pealed by Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(4) [div. A, § 406(a)]. See Effective Date and Construction of 2000 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 106–522, § 161(1), as amended by Pub. L. 107–96, par. (2), amended second sentence generally. Prior to amendment, second sentence read as follows: ‘‘Of such amounts and proceeds, $5,000,000 shall be set aside for use as a credit enhancement fund for public charter schools in the District of Columbia, with the adminis- tration of the fund (including the making of loans) to be carried out by the Mayor through a committee con- sisting of three individuals appointed by the Mayor of the District of Columbia and two individuals appointed by the Public Charter School Board established under Page 833 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 1161a section 2214 of the District of Columbia School Reform Act of 1995.’’ Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 106–553, § 1(a)(1) [§ 161(2)], which directed amendment identical to amendment by Pub. L. 106–522, § 161(2), below, was repealed by Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(4) [div. A, § 406(a)]. See Effective Date and Construction of 2000 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 106–522, § 161(2), as amended by Pub. L. 107–96, pars. (1) to (3), added par. (3). 1999—Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 106–113 inserted ‘‘and public charter’’ after ‘‘public’’ and inserted at end ‘‘Of such amounts and proceeds, $5,000,000 shall be set aside for use as a credit enhancement fund for public charter schools in the District of Columbia, with the adminis- tration of the fund (including the making of loans) to be carried out by the Mayor through a committee con- sisting of three individuals appointed by the Mayor of the District of Columbia and two individuals appointed by the Public Charter School Board established under section 2214 of the District of Columbia School Reform Act of 1995.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2004 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 108–447, div. J, title I, § 103(b), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3343, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in the enactment of the District of Colum- bia Appropriations Act, 2005 [Pub. L. 108–335].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2001 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 107–96, Dec. 21, 2001, 115 Stat. 936, provided that the amendments made by that act to section 161 of Pub. L. 106–522 are effective as if included in Pub. L. 106–522. EFFECTIVE DATE AND CONSTRUCTION OF 2000 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(4) [div. A, § 406], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–189, provided that: ‘‘(a) The provisions of H.R. 5547 (as enacted into law by H.R. 4942 of the 106th Congress) [H.R. 5547 as enacted by section 1(a)(1) of Pub. L. 106–553, amending this sec- tion and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 31, Money and Finance] are re- pealed and shall be deemed for all purposes (including section 1(b) of H.R. 4942 [Pub. L. 106–553, 1 U.S.C. 112 note]) to have never been enacted. ‘‘(b) The repeal made by this section shall take effect as if included in H.R. 4942 of the 106th Congress [Pub. L. 106–553] on the date of its enactment [Dec. 21, 2000].’’ SUBCHAPTER IX—ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS PART A—PROJECT GRAD § 1161a. Project GRAD (a) Purposes The purposes of this section are— (1) to provide support and assistance to pro- grams implementing integrated education re- form services in order to improve secondary school graduation, postsecondary program at- tendance, and postsecondary completion rates for low-income students; and (2) to promote the establishment of new pro- grams to implement such integrated education reform services. (b) Definitions In this section: (1) Low-income student The term ‘‘low-income student’’ means a student who is determined by a local edu- cational agency to be from a low-income fam- ily using the measures described in section 6313(a)(5) of this title. (2) Feeder pattern The term ‘‘feeder pattern’’ means a sec- ondary school and the elementary schools and middle schools that channel students into that secondary school. (c) Contract authorized From the amount appropriated to carry out this section, the Secretary is authorized to award a five-year contract to Project GRAD USA (referred to in this section as the ‘‘con- tractor’’), a nonprofit education organization that has as its primary purpose the improve- ment of secondary school graduation and post- secondary attendance and completion rates for low-income students. Such contract shall be used to carry out the requirements of subsection (d) and to implement and sustain integrated education reform services through subcon- tractor activities described in subsection (e)(3) at existing Project GRAD program sites and to promote the expansion to new sites. (d) Requirements of contract The Secretary shall enter into an agreement with the contractor that requires that the con- tractor shall— (1) enter into subcontracts with nonprofit educational organizations that serve a sub- stantial number or percentage of low-income students (referred to in this subsection as ‘‘subcontractors’’), under which the sub- contractors agree to implement the Project GRAD programs described in subsection (e) and provide matching funds for such pro- grams; (2) directly carry out— (A) activities to implement and sustain the literacy, mathematics, classroom man- agement, social service, and postsecondary access programs further described in sub- section (e)(3); (B) activities to build the organizational and management capacity of the subcontrac- tors to effectively implement and sustain the programs; (C) activities for the purpose of improving and expanding the programs, including ac- tivities— (i) to further articulate a program for one or more grade levels and across grade levels; (ii) to tailor a program for a particular target audience; and (iii) to provide tighter integration across programs; (D) activities for the purpose of imple- menting new Project GRAD program sites; (E) activities for the purpose of promoting greater public awareness of integrated edu- cation reform services to improve secondary school graduation and postsecondary attend- ance rates for low-income students; and (F) other activities directly related to im- proving secondary school graduation and postsecondary attendance and completion rates for low-income students; and (3) use contract funds available under this section to pay—